White shark. Great white shark: characteristics and range White shark appearance

Bloodthirsty and huge monsters of the ocean - this is the image of the shark, replicated by the cinema and literature. How much does a shark weigh and are these representatives of oceanic fauna really so dangerous?

Sharks - inhabitants of the deep sea

The name is a collective image. The average person immediately imagines a fish from a horror movie. But sharks are a superorder of cartilaginous fish, which includes about 450 species. The peculiarities of these animals are torpedo-like body shape, a large heterocercal fin on the back, and many teeth on both jaws. Among sharks, there are both exceptional predators and peace-loving plankton eaters. The sizes of sharks are different, the body length varies from 17 centimeters to 20 meters. How much does a shark weigh? It depends on its size. Representatives of this superorder live mainly in the salt waters of the seas and oceans, but there are also those that live in fresh waters. We will get to know exclusively large species and find out how much the most weighs big shark.

1st place: whale shark

That is why she is called that, the biggest among her friends. Representatives of the species live in the northern and southern seas. And the northern ones are much larger. Whale sharks reach a body length of up to 20 meters and weigh up to 20 tons. An individual caught in 1949 near the island of Baba was 12.5 meters long and weighed 20 tons. It is a gray-brown giant with white spots that are uniquely located for each individual. These sharks live for about 70 years, and what is most surprising - they are filter feeders. This means that they feed by filtering water and filtering out plankton. During the day, such a fish pumps 350 tons of water and eats 200 kilograms of plankton. The mouth of a whale shark can fit up to 5 people, the jaws are covered with 15 thousand small teeth. However, she herself never attacks people, and many scuba divers even manage to touch her. Whale sharks are slow and poorly understood. Their number is quite small, so the species is listed in the Red Book.

2nd place: elephant shark

The elephant shark shares the championship in size with the whale shark. This fish is up to 15 meters in length and weighs up to 6 tons. A species that is on the verge of extinction. The shark really looks like an elephant with sunken cheeks due to its widely spread mouth up to 3 meters in diameter and with many small teeth. The huge size (another name for this shark is giant) makes the fish inactive. They are also filter feeders, but unlike whales they live in flocks. It is dangerous to approach such a flock: a wave of the tail will easily kill the scuba diver.

3rd place: white shark

The next in our ranking is a shark, the representative of the most dangerous animals on the planet - the white shark. This is exactly the monster from the horror movies. For 30 years of its life, it grows up to 6.5 meters in length, and 300 sharp teeth located in three rows are renewed every three months. The shark itself is gray, but its belly is white. It is an exceptional predator: both fish and marine mammals are in the diet. Representatives of the species live in all oceans, with the exception of the Arctic. The greatest number of cases of attacks on humans belongs to these predators of the depths. How much a great white shark weighs is a moot point. The recorded case is a shark 6.4 meters long and weighing 3 tons. It was caught in 1945, and so far it is the largest white shark.

4th place: tiger shark

The most widespread shark in the world's oceans. It got its name for the dark stripes on the body. A predator who does not disdain to attack a person. In the West Indies, she is considered the most dangerous representative marine life... How much does a tiger shark weigh? According to statistics, up to 1.5 tons with a body length of up to 5.5 meters. With this size, it can hunt at a depth of 3 meters and, surprisingly, does not live in captivity. It is a dangerous omnivorous predator. What has not been found in the stomachs of tiger sharks! These are license plates of cars, and household items, and even a chicken coop with bones and feathers of its inhabitants (there was a precedent)!

5th place: polar shark

The size of this representative of the genus is not so large in comparison with the leaders of the rating: body length - up to 5 meters, weight - about 1 ton. These active predators live in the northern seas and the Arctic Ocean. Another name is Greenlandic or ice. A deep-sea species, octopuses make up a large proportion of their diet. This shark's meat is saturated with ammonia due to the lack of a urinary system. But the Icelanders' favorite dish is hakarl - the rotten meat of an ice shark. Interestingly, in the process of radiological examination of the lens of the eye, scientists discovered that a shark with a length of 5 meters has an age of 270 to 512 years. Today it is the longest lived due to low metabolism.

The biggest shark became extinct

Paleontologists have presented the fossils of the extinct ancestor of modern sharks - the Megalodon, the largest predator of all time. Megalodon lived 23-25 \u200b\u200bmillion years ago. Its size can be judged by the fossils of teeth and several vertebrae. The estimated length of this predator is up to 12 meters. How much the shark megalodon weighs, of course, we know purely theoretically. But the calculations show 42 tons.

Shark growth features

Like all fish, sharks grow throughout life. For example, an ice shark has been proven to grow by an average of 1 centimeter per year. No other specimens have been tested and we have yet to explore this area. Sharks don't live long in captivity - that's a fact. That is why their study has advanced only with the development of radio-electronic methods. Ichthyologists and oceanologists are only accumulating research data on the life of these amazing predators. But thanks to the existing developments, we can find out how much a tiger, white or whale shark weighs.

So now we know the giants of our time among sharks. But numerous, however, officially unconfirmed data indicate that the sailors saw larger representatives of sharks. And some scientists claim that megalodons still swim in the unknown depths of the seas and oceans. We will probably never know how much the largest shark in the world weighs because we haven't caught it yet.

When it comes to animal stereotypes, you can't find a more controversial character than a great white shark. Several powerful myths have taken root in the human mind. We attribute bloodlust and vindictiveness to the predator, so many travelers prefer not to go to the open sea. We consider her to be a man-eater, but in fact, there are much more dangerous inhabitants in the ocean. The reality is that this predator is not even white.

How did the shark get its name?

The great white shark is used to a wide variety of food. And if in her youth she dines mainly on fish, then in adulthood she hunts penguins, turtles, squid and even whales. Aborigines different countries came up with their nicknames for the formidable predator. During the hunt, when the fishermen pull the immobilized carcass of the animal onto the deck of the ship, they throw the prey on their back and see a perfectly white belly in front of them. Probably, this circumstance was the origin of the official name of the species. In fact, the upper part of the body of the predator is dark, almost black. It might just as well have been nicknamed the great black shark.

Disguise

Nature has donated a dark-colored body to the great white shark to help hunt. When an animal emerges from the muddy waters of the deep sea, unsuspecting victims cannot instantly navigate the situation and do not have time to hide in a secluded place.

Shark food preferences change with age

If you make a list of everything that has ever been found in the stomach of a formidable predator, it will take up a lot of paper space. Oceanologists only one thing is clear: the tastes of an animal change with age, as individuals age. While the size of the shark does not exceed two and a half meters, the individual's diet is exclusively fishy. When an animal grows in size and reaches sexual maturity, it begins to feed on mammals. Older sharks prefer seals, sea lions and walruses. When they attack from below, at speed, the victim has no chance of escape.

The possibilities of the senses

The great white shark is endowed with a variety of senses that complement each other. Before us is a skilled, dexterous and cunning hunter. Perhaps that is why people attribute all existing earthly sins to this predator. The most subtle instrument that deserves our attention is shark hearing.

In 1963, scientists conducted a study off the coast of Miami. A speaker was installed on the edge of the boat, which attracted the predator with sound. The tape recorded low-frequency pulses similar to those emitted by fish in distress. Very soon, scientists discovered a whole school of sharks near them. Despite the fact that sharks of other species "participated" in that experiment, there is no doubt that the great white shark has a fine hearing.

Also, predators are endowed with a good sense of smell. The shark does not need to get too close to its prey to smell the blood. A bleeding victim at a distance of 400 meters can only be saved thanks to his excellent dexterity. Here is an interesting fact: scientists have established that the olfactory bulb of a great white shark is larger than the part of the brain that is responsible for the sense of smell in all its counterparts in appearance. If we talk about the vision of a predator, then it cannot be considered ideal. She is especially good at distinguishing contrasts.

Additional benefits

In addition to the senses well known to humans, the great white shark is endowed with additional benefits. Lateral lines, which are clearly traced along the body of the animal, have the ability to record changes in water pressure. Thus, the shark is always aware of the movements of its prey. Well, after it gets close to the target, electromagnetic fields come to the rescue. According to scientists, all of these tools together make the great white shark an ideal predator.

Suppression of fear provides an opportunity for salvation

Brave travelers, explorers of the deep sea know that when meeting a formidable predator, you must be able to suppress your fear. According to statistics, in 2013, 76 unprovoked shark attacks on people were recorded in the world, 10 of which were fatal. And only one of these deaths was associated with a great white shark. If we consider the statistics for a decade, then on average, a predator attacks people twice a year.

A five-meter female can have up to ten embryos in the womb. Sharks do not spawn or lay eggs, they give birth to live young. And in this they are like people.

The great white shark can inhabit both very warm and very cold waters. This is made possible by the fact that the arteries and veins run in parallel, in several parts of her body. Therefore, the heat generated by the muscles of the predator is stored in the body and not lost in the ocean.

A well-known representative of predatory fish is the great white shark. Individuals belonging to the Carcharodon carcharias live in the surface layers of the water column of various oceans, although they are also found at depth. Only in the Arctic Ocean there are no sharks. These predatory fish are called white death, man-eating fish and karcharodons (horrible teeth).

Characteristics of a white shark: size, weight, structure of teeth

White sharks owe their name to a specific appearance. IN white color the peritoneum of predatory fish is painted, their sides and back are gray, in some individuals it is gray-blue or gray-brown.

Due to the specific color, it is difficult to spot fish from afar. The gray color of the back and sides makes it impossible to see them from above, they merge with the water surface. When viewed from the bottom of the ocean upwards, the white belly does not stand out against the sky. The shark's body is visually divided into 2 parts when viewed from the side from a distance.

Female sharks are larger than males. The average length of female Karcharodons is 4.7 m, and males grow up to 3.7 m. With this length, their body weight varies within 0.7-1.1 tons. According to experts, man-eating fish found in ideal conditions, can grow up to 6.8 m. The body of the white shark is fusiform, dense. On the sides there are 5 pairs of gill slits. On a large conical head are medium-sized eyes and nostrils.

Due to the grooves that go to the nostrils, the volume of water supplied to the olfactory receptors increases

The mouth of the predatory fish is wide, it has the shape of an arc. Inside there are 5 rows of triangular sharp teeth, their height reaches 5 cm. The number of teeth is 280–300. In young individuals, the first dentition completely changes every 3 months, in adults - every 8 months. A feature of the karcharodons is the presence of chipping on the surface of the teeth.

Powerful shark jaws are able to easily bite into cartilage, break bones of victims that come across them. With the help of a study conducted in 2007, it was possible to find out the bite force of this predator.

Computed tomography of the shark's head helped to establish that the bite force of a young individual weighing 240 kg and a length of 2.5 m is 3131 N. And a shark with a length of 6.4 m and a body weight of more than 3 tons can close its jaws with a force of 18216 N. According to some scientists, information about the bite force of large sharks is overestimated. Thanks to special structure teeth, sharks do not need to be able to bite with great force.

The first large fin on the back looks like a triangle, the pectoral fins are sickle-shaped, they are long, large. The anal and second dorsal fins are small. The body ends with a large tail, its plates are the same in size.

In large karcharodons, the circulatory system is well developed. This allows predators to warm up their muscles and increase their speed in the water. The swimming bladder is absent in white sharks. Because of this, karcharodons are forced to constantly move, otherwise they sink to the bottom.

Where dwells

The habitat of man-eating sharks is huge. They are found both in coastal areas and away from land. Mostly sharks swim in surface waters, but some specimens were found at a depth of more than 1 km. They prefer warm water bodies, the optimum temperature for them is 12-24 ° C. Desalinated and slightly saline waters are not suitable for sharks.

Karcharodons are not found in the Black Sea

Coastal zones in California, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand are the main centers of the concentration of predators. Sharks are also found:

• near the coast of Argentina, the Republic of Cuba, the Bahamas, Brazil, the east coast of the United States;
• in the east Atlantic Ocean (from South Africa to France);
• in the Indian Ocean (found near the Seychelles, in the Red Sea and the waters of the Republic of Mauritius);
• in the Pacific Ocean (along the western coast of America, from New Zealand to the Far Eastern territories).

Sharks can often be seen around archipelagos, shoals, and rocky headlands where pinnipeds live. Separate populations live in the Adriatic and Mediterranean seas. But their number in these reservoirs for last years decreased significantly, they practically disappeared.

Lifestyle

The social structure of shark populations and the behavior of individual individuals have been insufficiently studied by humans. With the help of observations, it was possible to reveal that the tactics of attack by predators depends on the type of prey chosen. This is facilitated by the high body temperature, due to which the functioning of the brain is stimulated.

Their attacks are so swift that, in pursuit of prey, they can completely emerge from the water. At the same time, animals develop speeds above 40 km / h. An unsuccessful attack does not end the pursuit of the victim. They can raise their heads above the water while searching for prey.

Interspecies competition arises in places where sharks and cetaceans have a single food base

It was previously thought that white sharks have no natural enemies. But in 1997, whale watchers had to witness an attack on an adult white shark. It was attacked by a representative of cetaceans - a killer whale. Similar attacks were recorded later.

Nutrition and digestive system

The diet of carcharodons varies with the age and size of the animals. They feed on small animals:

• fish (tuna, stingrays, herring and small representatives of the shark family are popular);
• pinnipeds (most often seals, lions, seals suffer);
• cephalopods;
• birds;
• representatives of cetaceans (porpoises, dolphins);
• sea \u200b\u200botters, turtles.

Carcharodons do not neglect carrion. The whale carcass can be good prey.

Of particular interest to large individuals are seals, other marine animals, and small whales. With the help of fatty foods, they manage to maintain an energy balance, so they need high-calorie foods.

But they rarely attack porpoises and dolphins. Although in the Mediterranean, the latter are an important component of the shark's diet. They attack this type of prey mainly from below, from behind and from above, trying to avoid detection by sonars.

Contrary to popular belief, humans are not of interest for a shark as food due to the insignificant amount of fat. Carcharodons can confuse humans with marine mammals, which is considered the main reason for the attack.

White sharks have a slow metabolism, so sometimes they can go without food for a long time

Predators can go without food for a long time. It is believed that 30 kg of whale oil is enough to satisfy the metabolic processes in the body of a shark weighing more than 900 kg for 45 days.

According to the structure of the digestive organs, sharks practically do not differ from other fish. But in carcharodons, the division of the digestive system into various sections and glands is expressed. It begins with the oral cavity, which smoothly passes into the pharynx. It is followed by the esophagus and the V-shaped stomach. The folds inside the stomach are covered with a mucous membrane, from which digestive enzymes and juices necessary for processing ingested food are abundantly secreted.

There is a special section in the stomach, into which excess food is sent. Food can be stored in it for up to 2 weeks. If necessary, the digestive system begins to use the available supply to support the life of the predator.

Sharks are distinguished from other species of fish and animals by the ability to “turn out” the stomach through the mouth. Thanks to this ability, they can clean it from dirt, accumulated food debris.

From the stomach, food passes into the intestines. The existing spiral valve contributes to more efficient absorption. Due to its presence, the contact of food digested in the stomach with the intestinal mucous membranes is enhanced.

The following are also actively involved in the digestion process:

• gallbladder;
• pancreas;
• liver.

The pancreas is responsible for the production of hormones, pancreatic juice, intended for the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, proteins. Thanks to the work of the liver, toxins are rendered harmless, pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed, fats coming from food are processed and absorbed.

Features of behavior

Great white sharks do not live in one place. They move along the coast, make transatlantic voyages, but return to their habitats. Due to migrations, there is the possibility of intersection of different shark populations, although it was previously believed that they live in isolation. The reasons for the migrations of the Karcharodons are still unknown. Researchers speculate that this is due to breeding or finding food-rich places.

During observations in the waters of South Africa, it was revealed that the dominant position is assigned to females. When hunting, predators are separated. Conflicts that arise are resolved with demonstrative behavior.

White sharks start a fight in exceptional cases

Their behavior during hunting is interesting. The whole process of catching a victim can be roughly divided into stages:

1. Revealing.
2. Determination of species affiliation.
3. Getting closer to the object.
4. Attack.
5. Eating.

They attack mainly when the prey is near the surface of the water. They grab large individuals in the middle and pull them under the water. There they can swallow prey whole.

Diseases

Small copepod crustaceans are a threat to carcharodons. They settle in the gills, feed on the blood of the shark and the oxygen that goes to it. Gradually, the condition of the gill tissues deteriorates and the shark dies from suffocation.

Carnivores have well-functioning immune systems that can protect them from autoimmune, inflammatory and infectious diseases, but they often develop cancer. Now it has been possible to identify more than 20 types of tumors that threaten the life of sharks.

Reproduction: how white sharks give birth

Young sharks are born adapted for independent living

White sharks are ovoviviparous fish. Fry hatches from the eggs inside the mother's body. They go out already grown up. There is no connection with the maternal organism. The species reproduces by placental ovoviviparity. The litter contains 2-10 sharks. Most often, 5–10 newborns are born. Their length at birth is 1.3–1.5 m.

The source nutrients for growing embryos, eggs become, which are produced by the mother's body. Sharks in the womb have a stretched belly 1 m long with a yolk inside. In the later stages of development, the stomachs become empty. Newborn sharks are most often seen by observers in calm waters. They are well developed.

How many lives

The life span of karcharodons is on average 70 years. At the same time, sexual maturity in females occurs at 33 years of age, in males - at 26 years of age. They stop growing from the moment of maturity.

Attack on a person

People are not of interest to sharks, although there are many recorded cases when they attacked. Most often, the victims are divers and fishermen who come too close to the predator.

In the waters Mediterranean Sea there is a "shark phenomenon", according to which karcharodons swam away after one bite. According to experts, sharks experiencing hunger can easily profit from humans.

Most often, when meeting with sharks, people die from blood loss, drowning or painful shock. When attacking, predators injure prey and wait for it to weaken.

Pretending to be dead is the worst option when facing a shark

Single divers can be partially eaten by a shark, and people who dive with partners can be saved. It is often possible to save those people who provide active resistance. Any blows can force the predator to swim away. Experts advise, if possible, to hit the shark in the eyes, gills, muzzle.

It is important to constantly monitor the location of the predator, it can attack again. Sharks willingly feed on carrion, so the sight of non-resisting prey will not stop them.

Sharks are a poorly studied species of predatory fish. A decrease in their number affects the food chain, because they are a component of the ecosystem of the world's oceans. Despite the fact that little is known about white sharks, researchers have identified a number of interesting factsrelated to these animals:

• Females have thicker skin than males. This is due to the fact that during mating, the male roughly restrains his partner by biting her fins.
• Shark teeth are coated with fluoride so they don't deteriorate. Enamel consists of a substance that is resistant to acid produced by bacteria.
• Sharks have well developed: sight, smell, hearing, touch, taste and sensitivity to electromagnetic fields.
• Sensory olfactory receptors enable the shark to smell the seal colony 3 km away.
• When hunting in cold waters, karcharodons are able to raise their body temperature.

Due to industrial fishing, the number of white sharks is rapidly decreasing. According to experts, there are about 3.5 thousand of them left all over the world. If sharks begin to die out, it could lead to the extinction of many marine plants.

Since ancient times, a person has a keen desire to see all the most-the-most - for example, a photo that shows the largest white shark. But such a picture is extremely difficult to take.

There are many reasons. Among them are the difficulties of detecting an especially large predator, choosing the optimal angle, insufficient visibility in ocean water, and the danger that accompanies contact with a shark.

Unlike marine animals, known for their curiosity and contact, she will consider an unknown object from the point of view of its edibility / inedibility.

Some great white sharks do grow to a size unattainable for another marine predator, the killer whale (Orcinus orca). Killer whales reach a maximum of 10 meters in length and 7 tons in weight (they are "thicker"); the limiting length of white sharks has not been precisely established.

Who is a Great White Shark?

Dimensions of the largest white sharks

The exact lifespan of great white sharks is unknown - they cannot be observed for a long time.

Scientists consider the greatest age of white sharks to be 70-100 years. If the maximum lifespan of predators is really equal to a century, then the size of a 100-year-old shark should be simply huge and the figures of 10-12 meters will not be at all extreme.

The original photos, where the largest white shark lies with a dead weight at the feet of fishermen, are dated 1945: the caught shark weighed about 3 tons, its length is 6.4 meters.

True, there is one moment - the bodies of sharks caught and removed from the water quickly lose moisture, i.e. shrink, decreasing in size and weight. Therefore, the results of measurements taken immediately after the capture of the predator and after some time do not coincide - the difference can be up to 10%.

Photo: The biggest white shark

For humans, this is just a loss or gain of profit, for sea animals it is a real threat of extinction in any case.

The great white shark can reach large sizes with age and only under favorable conditions: an abundance of food, the absence of enemies and a favorable water temperature. But these opportunities are less and less every year ...

intermediate ranks

Carcharodon carcharias Linnaeus,

Systematics and origins

Much remains unclear about the evolutionary links between the white shark and other modern and extinct species of herring sharks. The ancestor of this group was probably Isurolamna inflata, which lived about 65 - 55 million years ago and had small narrow teeth with a smooth edge and two lateral denticles. In this family, there is a tendency to increase, widening and serration of teeth in the course of evolution (transition from grasping function to cutting and tearing), which led to characteristic appearance teeth of a modern white shark.

Distribution and habitats

Area

The great white shark lives throughout the ocean, preferring areas of the coast of a temperate climate, continental and island shelves, usually closer to the water surface. Some large individuals also appear in tropical waters. It also sometimes makes spontaneous movements to the region of cold seas - the species was recorded off the coast of Canada and Alaska. Large individuals are capable of regularly making long ocean voyages. It can also be at a decent depth - a case of catching a white shark at 1280 meters with bottom fishing gear together with a six-gill shark was recorded. Observations show that at least large individuals tolerate a fairly wide range of temperatures environment - from cold seas and ocean floor to the coast of the tropics. At the same time, individuals of smaller size (less than 3 m) are found more in temperate latitudes.

Habitat areas

The main centers of white shark accumulation are the coastal waters of American California and Mexican Baja California, Australia and New Zealand, the Republic of South Africa and, once, the Mediterranean. It can be found in the region of the US East Coast, off the coast of Cuba, the Bahamas, Argentina, Brazil; in the East Atlantic - from France to South Africa; in the Indian Ocean appears in the Red Sea, off the coast of the Seychelles, as well as on the island of Reunion and in the waters of Mauritius; in the Pacific Ocean - from the Far East to New Zealand and the western coast of America.

Migrations

Anatomy and appearance

The white shark has a strong, large, conical head. The width in the upper lobe and in the lower lobe (at the tail) is the same (as in most herring sharks). The white shark has a protective coloration: it is white in the lower part and gray in the back (sometimes with a brown or blue tint), which gives the impression of a variegated coloration that makes it difficult to detect the shark, since its body visually disintegrates when viewed from the side. When viewed from above, the dark shadow dissolves into the thickness of the sea, and when viewed from below, the silhouette of a shark is hardly noticeable against the background of light. Great white sharks, like many others, have three rows of teeth. The teeth are jagged, and when the shark bites and shakes its head from side to side, the teeth cut and tear off pieces of flesh like a saw.

Dimensions

The size of a typical adult white shark is 5-6 meters and weighs 600-3000 kg. Females are usually larger than males. The maximum size of a great white shark is a hotly debated topic. Renowned scientific experts on sharks, Richard Ellis and John E. McCosker, have devoted an entire chapter to this subject in their book Great White Shark (1991), which analyzes various reports of maximum sizes.

For several decades, many works on ichthyology, as well as the Book of Records, called the largest two specimens: a 6.9 m long shark caught in southern Australian waters near Port Fairy in the 1870s, and a 7.3 m long shark. trapped for herring at a dam in New Brunswick, Canada in 1930. Recorded specimens measuring 7.5 meters in length were reported as common, but the above dimensions remained at a record.

Some researchers question the reliability of the measurements in both cases, since these results were significantly higher than any other results obtained by accurate measurements. The shark from New Brunswick may not have been a white shark, but a giant shark, since both sharks have a similar body shape. The question of the size of the Porta Fairy shark was clarified in the 1970s when Gee. I. Reynolds studied the jaws of the shark and found that the Porta Fairey shark was about 5 meters in length. He suggested that in 1870 an error was made in the original measurement.

Ellis and McCosker determined the size of the largest specimen to be reliably measured at 6.4 meters, which was caught in Cuban waters in 1945. However, even in this case, there are experts who claim that the shark was actually several feet shorter. The unconfirmed weight of this Cuban shark is 3270 kg.

Nutrition

Young sharks feed on small fish, tuna. Grown up sharks switch to feeding on seals, do not bypass the carcasses of dead whales. Their light coloration makes them less visible against the backdrop of underwater rocks when tracking prey. The high body temperature makes them faster and smarter than most sharks, which is essential when hunting seals. Fatty foods are needed to maintain a high temperature. The blood vessels that direct blood to the skin transfer heat to the blood vessels that direct blood to back sideto reduce heat loss. At first, the white shark attacks seals horizontally, like fish, but then changes its habit and attacks from below, so that the prey would not notice it until the last. Sometimes a shark takes people for seals and attacks, but, feeling bones in its teeth instead of seal fat, it lets go. And since these predators usually swim in a flock, there may be several bites. When attacking, rolls his eyes to protect them from the claws of victims.

Reproduction

Notes

1. Reshetnikov Yu.S., Kotlyar A.N., Rass T.S., Shatunovskiy M.I. A five-language dictionary of animal names. Fishes. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / under the general editorship of Acad. V.E.Sokolova. - M .: Rus. yaz., 1989. - p. 23. - 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0
2. Great White Sharks now more endangered than tigers with just 3,500 left in the oceans | Mail Online
3. Carol martins & craig knickle WHITE SHARK (eng.). Education... Florida Museum of Natural History. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
4. Jim bourdon Carcharodon (eng.). The Life and Times of Long Dead Sharks (2009). Archived from the original on June 5, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
5. R. Aidan Martin Fossil History of the White Shark (eng.). ReefQuest Center for Shark Research. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved October 10, 2011.
6. Compagno L. J. V. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes // Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalog of shark species known to date / Pere Oliver. - Rome: FAO, 2001. - Vol. 2. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). - P. 100-107. - 269 p. - (FAO Species Catalog for Fishery Purposes). - ISBN 92-5-104543-7
7. Ramón Bonfil; Michael Meÿer, Michael C. Scholl, Ryan Johnson, Shannon O "Brien, Herman Oosthuizen, Stephan Swanson, Deon Kotze and Michael Paterson2