What parts of the world are distinguished on Earth? Which ancient scholar first used the term "Geography"? The season of watermelons has come, and therefore it's time to find out what benefits this berry will bring to the body.

Only a third of the planet Earth is occupied by land, while the remaining 2/3 are endless expanses of water. That is why it is also called the "blue planet". Water divides parts of the land, creating several continents from the once existing merged land masses.

What parts is the earth divided into

Geologically, the land is divided into continents, but from the side of history, culture and politics - into parts of the world.

There are also concepts of "Old" and "New World"... During the heyday of the ancient Greek state, three parts of the world were known: Europe, Asia and Africa - they are called the "Old World", and the rest of the land that was discovered after 1500 is called the "New World", this includes North and South America , Australia and Antarctica.

Much of the land that shares a common cultural, scientific, economic and political heritage is called "part of the world."

It is interesting to know: what types exist on planet Earth?

Their names and locations

They often coincide with the continents, but it is known that one continent can contain two parts of the world. For example, the mainland Eurasia is divided into Europe and Asia. And, on the contrary, two continents can be one part of the world - South and North America.

So, there are six parts of the world in total:

Europe
Africa
America
Australia and Oceania
Antarctic

It is worth noting that the islands adjacent to the mainland belong to a certain part of the world.

The mainland, or continent is not covered with water, a large and indissoluble area of \u200b\u200bthe Earth's crust... The boundaries of continents and their outlines change over time. The continents that existed in former distant times are called paleocontinents.

They are separated by oceanic and sea waters, and those between which the land border lies are separated by isthmuses: North and South America are connected by the Isthmus of Panama, Africa and Asia by the Isthmus of Suez.

Eurasia

The largest continent of the Earth, washed by the waters of four oceans (Indian, Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific), is Eurasia... It is located in the Northern Hemisphere, and some of its islands are in the Southern. Occupies an area of \u200b\u200babout 53 million square kilometers - this is 36% of the entire land area of \u200b\u200bthe earth's surface.

On this continent, there are two parts of the world that belong to the "Old World" - Europe and Asia. They are separated by the Ural Mountains, the Caspian Sea, the Dardanelles, the Strait of Gibraltar, the Aegean, Mediterranean and Black seas.

Initially, the mainland was called Asia, and only since 1880, austrian geologist Eduard Suss the term Eurasia was introduced. This part of the land was formed during the division of the protocontinent Laurasia into North America and Eurasia.

What makes Asia and Europe unique?

The presence of the narrowest strait in the world - the Bosphorus;
The continent is home to great ancient civilizations (Mesopotamia, Egypt, Assyria, Persia, Roman and Byzantine empires, etc.);
Here is the area that is rightfully considered the coldest point on earth - this is Oymyakon;
In Eurasia there is Tibet and the Black Sea depression - the highest and lowest point on the planet;
The mainland has all existing climatic zones;
The continent is home to 75% of the world's population.

Belongs to the New World, surrounded by the waters of two oceans: the Pacific and the Atlantic. The border between the Americas is the Isthmus of Panama and the Caribbean Sea. The countries bordering the Caribbean Sea are usually called Caribbean America.

In size, South America ranks 4th among the continents, with a population of about 400 million.

This land was discovered by H. Columbus in 1492. In a desire to find India, he crossed the Pacific Ocean and landed on the Greater Antilles, but realized that behind them lay a whole hitherto unknown continent.

A third of the total area is occupied by the Amazon, Parana and Orinoco rivers;
Here is the largest river in the world - the Amazon, according to the results of the world competition in 2011, it is one of the seven natural wonders of the world.
In South America there is the largest dry lake in the world - Titicaca;
On the continent there are the highest - Angel, and the most powerful - Iguazu waterfalls in the world;
The largest country on the mainland is Brazil;
The highest mountain capital in the world is La Paz (Bolivia);
The Chilean Atakami Desert never gets rain;
It is also home to the largest beetles and butterflies in the world (woodcutter beetles and agrippina butterflies), the smallest monkeys (marmosets) and the life-threatening poisonous red-backed frogs.

North America

Another continent belonging to the same part of the world. Located in the Western Hemisphere on the North side, it is washed by the Bering Sea, the Mexican, California, St. Lawrence and Hudson Bays, the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans.

The mainland was discovered in 1502... It is believed that America was named after the Italian navigator and traveler Amerigo Vespucci who discovered it. However, there is a version according to which America was discovered by the Vikings long before that. First appeared on the map as America in 1507.

On its area, which occupies about 20 million square kilometers, there are 20 countries. Most of the territory is divided between two of them - Canada and the United States.

A number of islands also belong to North America: the Aleutian, Greenland, Vancouver, the Alexander Archipelago and the Canadian.

North America is home to the largest office building in the world - the Pentagon;
Most of the population spends most of their time indoors;
Mauna Kea is the highest mountain in the world, the height of which is two thousand meters higher than Chomolungma;
Greenland is the largest island on the planet and belongs to this continent.

Africa

The second largest continent after Eurasia... Its area covers 6% of all land on Earth. It is washed by the Mediterranean and Red Seas, as well as the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. The mainland is crossed by the equator.

It is believed that the name of the continent comes from such Latin words as "sunny", "no cold", "dust".

What makes Africa unique?

There are huge reserves of diamonds and gold on the mainland;
There are places here that have not been touched by a human foot;
You can see tribes with the lowest and tallest people on the planet;
The average human life expectancy in Africa is 50 years.

Antarctica

Part of the world, a continent, almost entirely covered with a layer of ice of 2 thousand meters. Located in the very south of the globe.

There are no permanent residents on the mainland, only scientific stations are located here;
Traces have been found in the glaciers that testify to the "former tropical life of the continent";
Every year a large number of tourists (about 35 thousand) come to Antarctica, who want to see seals, penguins and whales, as well as those who are fond of scuba diving.

Australia

The continent is washed by the Pacific and Indian Oceans, as well as the Tasmanian, Timor, Arafur and Coral seas of the Pacific Ocean. The mainland was discovered by the Dutch in the 17th century.

Off the coast of Australia there is a huge coral reef - the Great Barrier Reef, about 2 thousand km long.

Also, sometimes a separate part of the world means Oceania, the Arctic, New Zealand..

But most scientists still divide the land into 6 parts of the world presented above.

Mindra Lyudmila Nikolaevna
geography teacher
Tatarintseva Lyudmila Andreevna
geography teacher
MOU ASOSH No. 3 with UIOP
Voronezh region., Town. Anna

Goal:Promote the expression of interest in studying the geography of different continents, countries, peoples.

Tasks:
1) To acquaint students with geographical objects, cultural monuments, outstanding people of the Old and New World;
2) Develop the intellectual and creative skills of students, the desire to know more, curiosity;
3) To cultivate a tolerant attitude towards traditions, customs, religions of other nations.
Form of carrying out: extramural excursion with elements of theatrical performance.
Equipment: slidepresentation, items for auction, musical accompaniment.
Handout: booklets

Script for the "Geographical Ball of the Old Parts of the World"

Introduction by the geography teacher:
Science geography
Invites guests to the ball
To all continents of the world
Our hall applauds
Here Asia and Africa
Greatness is full
And the beauty of Europe
Everyone here is amazed;
And the New World that with envy
Looks at the Old World-
Everyone has their own dignity
Everyone has their own important look!

Dear guests! Today you are attending an unusual event - the geographic ball of the old parts of the world.
There are always stewards at any ball. The organizers of our ball are Geographer …… .. and Geografina ……….
Video guides will be …….
Go geographer and geographer! "

Geographer and Geographer:“Mrs. Europa is invited to the geographic ball (a high school student in a blue ball gown to the music of I. Strauss, accompanied by a fifth grader in a strict suit).
Dear Asia is invited to the ball (in a yellow dress to oriental music)
Beautiful Africa is invited to the ball (in a black dress to African music)
Geographer and Geographer: (slides are on the background of the words) “The legend tells: the Phoenician king had a daughter named Europa. Almighty Zeus fell in love with the girl. He took her to Crete. There, Europe first set foot on the land of that part of the world, which has since come to bear its name. The borders of Europe have changed over the centuries. Only in the 18th century was it finally agreed that the Urals would divide it with Asia. Europe is the smallest part of the world. Its area is 10.5 million square meters. km. It is washed by the waters of two oceans: the North - Arctic and Atlantic. The coastline is heavily indented, rich in islands. The relief is dominated by plains. The largest is East European. The highest mountains are the Alps. The climate is temperate and subtropical. The longest river is the Volga (3688 km.). Cultural landscapes prevail. There are minerals: oil, coal, Fe ore. More than 700 million people live in Europe. 95% of the population belongs to the Indo-European language family. Christianity prevails. There are about 40 states in Europe. The smallest state in Europe and the world is the Vatican (44 hectares). The floor is given to Europe. "
Europe: “I, Europe, made a huge contribution to world civilization, which began in the era of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, was continued in the era of the Renaissance and the Great Geographical Discoveries, then in the era of industrial upheavals and social revolutions to the present day. I have left my European mark on all parts of the world. I, Europe, am the center of an enlightened and educated world. Beneficent rays emanate from me to all ends of the globe. Dear present, let us remember together my sons - the great Europeans.
Assignment for teachers: 1) listen to the great music of great European composers and determine who it belongs to. (The first concert by PI Tchaikovsky; Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata"; Bach's "Joke".)
2) Let's admire the paintings of the great Europeans and determine the brushes of which artists they belong. ("La Gioconda" - Leonardo da Vinci; "Sistine Madonna" - Raphael; "The Last Day of Pompeii" - K. Bryullov.) (Slides)
Europe is the birthplace of waltz, and Austrian Johann Strauss is considered the king of waltz - composer, violinist, conductor.
(Viennese waltz performed by high school students)
Assignment to students: You should tell us about the contributions of the following great travelers to the history of Earth exploration (slides):

F. Magellan.
Thor Heyerdahl.
Raoul Amundsen.

95% of the population in my part of the world speaks the languages \u200b\u200bof the Indo-European language family. 4 languages \u200b\u200bare taught in your school. Let's hear the beauty of the sound of these languages.
The Russian language is a Slavic language group (O. Mandelstam's poem "Europe").
French - Romance language group (fairy tale and song performed by a French teacher)
English and German are the Germanic language group.
(Goethe's poem in the original; song from the repertoire of the Beatles)
The oldest state in Europe, Greece, is the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Most of the winter and summer Olympiads took place in European countries. An example is the last XX Winter Olympic Games in Turin (Italy). Maybe that's why Europe is also home to many sports games. Lovers of the most popular game not only in Europe, but also in the world - football is in your school.
(the players show the ball possession technique).
Thank you all for knowing and appreciating my great sons of Europeans. "

Geographer and Geographer: “The name Asia is associated with the word“ asu ”meaning“ sunrise ”. The largest part of the world in terms of area (44 million sq. Km.), Washed by the waters of all four oceans. The average height is about 1 km., The maximum is Chomolungma or Everest (8848m). This is the highest point of the planet Earth. The lowest point is the Dead Sea (-392m.). Mountains and plateaus occupy 75% of the territory. The climate is extremely varied. Asia lies in all climatic zones, from arctic to equatorial. Here is the pole of cold of the northern hemisphere - Oymyakon ("Fierce frost") - 71 degrees. Within the Himalayas, in the north-east of India, the place Cherrapunji falls 12 thousand mm. precipitation is the wettest place on the globe. The most abundant and longest river is the Yangtze. Among the lakes of Asia, the largest in area is the Caspian Sea-lake, and the deepest is Baikal. Asia lies in all natural zones, from arctic deserts to humid equatorial forests. This part of the world is rich in minerals. Here are more than half of the world's oil reserves, large reserves of coal, Fe ore, table salt, manganese, tin, copper, gold, diamonds.
Asia is the most populated part of the world, with a population of over 3 billion. The national composition is complex - 9 language families, more than 600 different languages. The largest peoples of the world are the Chinese, Hindustans, Bengalis, Japanese. There are 46 states on the political map. Many of them are among the oldest in the world. The giant countries in terms of area include China, India, Russia. The floor is given to Asia. "

Asia: “I, Asia, the cradle of world culture, both material and spiritual. Let's remember what material and spiritual values \u200b\u200bI gave to the world.
(Students list material and spiritual values)
The treasury of the world spiritual culture includes the immortal creations of my outstanding thinkers, poets and scientists. Let us recall the ancient Indian epic works of Ramayana and Mahabharata, the wonderful philosophical poems of Omar Khayyam and Ibn Sina.
The history of such art forms of my peoples as Indian dances goes back centuries. They occupy an important place in the religious rites of the Hindus. Dancers in traditional costumes, with painted faces with special gestures and gestures, can tell a whole story about Hindu deities and act out scenes from ancient legends. They perfectly control their bodies to perform numerous movements with their hands and fingers, each of which has its own meaning.
(Indian dance).
I, Asia, is the homeland of all world religions, which for many centuries and even millennia have had a huge impact on politics, economy, spiritual culture, population reproduction, customs of peoples. The religion has found wide application in material culture - Muslim mosques, Hindu temples, Buddhist pagodas and monasteries. And today, its influence on all aspects of people's lives remains very large. I am Asia - the birthplace of Arabic numerals, chess, Arabian fairy tales "A Thousand and One Nights", Tibetan medicine, space philosophy, martial arts.
(Fragments of demonstration performances of the school's karateka)
I thank you for the fact that you are well aware of my contribution to the world spiritual and material culture. "

Geographer and Geographer:
“The heart of Africa is full of singing and glowing,
And I know that if we see at times
Dreams that we cannot find names,
This wind brings them, Africa is yours! "

Africa is the second largest part of the world after Asia. Its area is over 30 million square meters. km. It is washed by the waters of two oceans: Indian and Atlantic. The largest island off the coast of Africa is Madagascar. The coastline is poorly indented. The highest point is Kilimanjaro volcano (5895m). The relief is dominated by high plains. The world's greatest Great African Rift runs along eastern Africa. Africa is the hottest continent. The highest temperature on the globe is recorded here, + 58 degrees, near the city of Tripoli. The longest river in the world, the Nile (6695 km), flows through Africa. The rivers of Africa are rapids. There are many waterfalls on them. The most famous is Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River. This part of the world is located almost symmetrically on either side of the equator. 40% of the area is occupied by the natural savannah zone, which is rich in a variety of fauna. In the north - the largest desert in the world - the Sahara. Africa is exceptionally rich in a variety of minerals. Ores of gold, copper, aluminum, manganese, lithium, iron, cobalt, diamonds, platinoids, uranium, phosphorites, oil, and gas are of world importance. The population of Africa is over 800 million people. Representatives of all three human races live here. There are 55 countries on the political map of Africa. The largest country in terms of area is Sudan (2.5 million square kilometers), and the largest city is Lagos (more than 10 million people.
I give the floor to Africa.

Africa: “There is every reason to believe that it was I, Africa, who was the“ cradle ”of a man who settled from my near equatorial forests to other continents. My cultural heritage is very great. This is oral folk art - folklore, this is a monumental architecture that originated in Ancient Egypt, it is a decorative and applied art that preserves the traditions of the most ancient rock painting. Almost every nation of mine has its own musical culture, retains the peculiarities of singing and dancing, musical instruments. Theatrical ceremonies, rituals, ritual masks have also existed since ancient times. Meeting face to face with me, you will believe in the plausibility of implausible legends and tales, in the authenticity of fairy tales that have captured the imagination since childhood. And today, attending this ball, I, like any lady, would very much like to hear compliments addressed to me and from your lips, which will begin with the words “the only one” or “the most”.
(compliments).

Geographer and geographer: Beautiful Africa! A song from the movie "Little Red Riding Hood" is a gift for you. (The song is playing)

Africa: “Dear attendees! In no part of the world there are as many objects of the same name as I have. Young geographers, please me with your knowledge of the map.
(Chunga-Chang dance).
Thank you guys for the gift, compliments and knowledge about my part of the world. "

Closing remarks of the geography teacher: “ So the geographic ball of the old parts of the world has come to an end.
You are convinced that Europe, Asia and Africa have made a great contribution to the development of world civilization, they have amazing nature, unique natural objects, but each of them has its own unique face. We are directly related to two parts of the world, since our country Russia has a Eurasian position. There are few such countries in the world. We hope to meet with new parts of the world next year. "

Supplement to the "Geographical Ball of the Old Parts of the World"
Europe
R. Amundsen- Norwegian traveler 19-20 century. His main merit is that he first reached the South Pole in 1911 on December 14. The round trip took 99 days. In 1926, he also visited the North Pole. He was the first person for whom there were no insurmountable obstacles.
Thor Heyerdahl- Norwegian traveler, navigator, scientist, public figure of the 20th century. For the first time in the history of science, he conducted an experimental test of the hypothesis that the islands of Polynesia were populated by the inhabitants of South America. An exact copy of the raft of the ancient Indians with a straight sail and the image of the sun god Kon-Tiki was made. This was in 1947. It took 101 days to sail, and a distance of 8 thousand km was covered. Then there were sailing on the sailing boat "Ra" and "Tigris", and the crews were international. Including a doctor from Russia Yuri Senkevich. All voyages of T. Heyerdahl contributed to the rapprochement of various countries and peoples.
Fernand Magellan -portuguese navigator, was in the service of the Spanish king Charles 1 ... On 5 ships with a crew of 265 people, in 1519 he set off on the western route to India. In 1522, the smallest ship "Victoria" returned to Spain with a crew of 17 people. This was the first trip around the world. The merit of Magellan is that he was the first to practically prove that the Earth has a spherical shape, the first to cross a new ocean, which was called the Pacific, islands in this ocean were discovered. The expedition found out that the oceans cover a larger area than land and are interconnected.
EUROPE
O. Mandelstam (1914).

Like a Mediterranean crab or a starfish
The last mainland was thrown away
I'm used to wide Asia, to America, -
The ocean is weakening, washing Europe.

Its living shores are cut
And peninsulas are airy sculptures,
The outlines of the bays are slightly feminine:
Vizcaya, Genoa lazy arc ...

The primordial land of conquerors -
Europe in the rags of the Holy Alliance:
Heel of Spain, Italy Medusa
And Poland is gentle, where there is no king.
Europe of the Caesars! Ever since Bonaparte
Gusinoe was directed by Metternich, -
For the first time in a hundred years and before my eyes
Your mysterious card is changing!

Africa
Compliments

You are the only continent that is crossed in the middle by the equator, and lies in all 4 hemispheres.
You are the only continent over which the Sun is at its zenith 4 times.
You are the hottest. The maximum temperature is +58 degrees.
The largest desert in the world, the Sahara, is located on your territory.
You have the longest river in the world - the Nile, and the Congo River is the only river in the world that is crossed twice by the equator.
You are the homeland of humanity.
On your territory is the largest fault in the earth's crust - the Great African Rift.
You have the largest number of states.

Objects of the same name

State of Algeria is the capital of Algeria.
State of Tunisia is the capital of Tunisia.
The Sahara Desert is the state of Z. Sahara.
The Niger River is the state of Niger.
The Senegal River is the state of Senegal.
The Congo River is the state of the Congo.
Lake Chad is the state of Chad.
Madagascar Island is the state of Madagascar.
Strait of Mozambique - Mozambique Current - State of Mozambique.
Somalia Peninsula - Somali current - state - Somalia.
Ethiopian Highlands - State of Ethiopia.
Gulf of Guinea is the state of Equatorial Guinea.
Lake Victoria - Victoria Falls.

Asia

Material and spiritual values
Dear Asia!
Allow me, on behalf of all mankind, to express gratitude to you for giving the world porcelain, a compass, silk, gunpowder, an umbrella.
You are the homeland of the bed farming system and the homeland of tea, coffee, rice, spices, orange, and other agricultural crops. Thank you Asia!

Items for auction:rice, French perfume, coffee, umbrella, Hohlaand cheese, tea, cocoa, Czech jewelry, compass, bananas, fan, dates, Volvo car model, souvenir pyramid, olive oil, etc.

Script for the "Geographic Ball of the New Parts of the World"

Pupil:
Science geography
Invites guests to the ball
To all continents of the world
Our hall applauds
Here Asia and Africa
Greatness is full
And the beauty of Europe
Everyone here is amazed;
And the New World that with envy
Looks at the Old World-
Everyone has their own dignity

Teacher:
"Dear guests! These verses, about a year ago, began an unusual event - the Geographical Ball of the Old Parts of the World.
Today you are again attending the geographic ball, but now in new parts of the world.
There are always stewards at any ball. Our ball is hosted by the Geographer ……. and Geografinya.
Video guides will be …….
Go Geographer and Geographer!

Geographer and Geographer: America (in a red dress with Latin American music), Australia (in a green dress with country music), Antarctica (in a white dress) are invited to the ball.

Geographer and Geogafinya: “America is the first part of the world to be part of the New World, the only one consisting of two continents - North and South America. America stretches from north to south across the entire western hemisphere, its total area is 42,225 thousand km. It is washed by the waters of three oceans: the Arctic, Pacific and Atlantic. In the west are the longest mountain ranges in the world, the Cordilleras and the Andes, with a maximum height of 6960m - Mount Aconcagua. Plains prevail in the eastern parts.
The largest river in the world, the Amazon, flows through this part of the world. North America is rich in lakes: Great American Lakes, Big Bear, Big Slave. South America is the wettest continent of the Earth.
America lies in all CPs from AP to EP, some are repeated twice. There is a full range of RoWs here, from arctic deserts to humid equatorial forests.
America today is more than 50 countries - states and possessions, where 920 million people live. The most economically developed country in the world is located here - the USA.
The indigenous inhabitants are Eskimos and Indians belonging to the American branch of the Mongoloid race, the settlers are Europeans, Africans, and East Asian peoples.
The floor is given to America. "

America: “I, America, was discovered by the great Christopher Columbus in 1492. October 12, in the early years of the Great Geographical Discoveries. But it is named after the Italian navigator Amerigo Vispucci, who was the first to prove that this is not India, but new lands called the New World.
The northwestern and western shores were discovered and studied by the Russians: Ivan Fedorov, Mikhail Gvozdev, Vitus Bering, Grigory Shelikhov, Chirikov.
Listen to the story of the great love of the Russian traveler, diplomat Count Nikolai Rezanov and the daughter of the Spanish colonist, Governor of San Francisco Maria Conchita Arguello (story, song "I will never forget you" from A. Rybnikov's musical "Juno and Avos").
I, America, is part of the world of many natural records. I ask the participants of the ball to please me and name these records (slides, they name objects)
Another uniqueness of mine is the mixture of races and peoples: local and alien. As a result, new peoples and civilizations (Aztecs, Mayans, Incas) arose, which made a huge contribution to the development of mankind.
I, America, is the homeland of many famous people all over the world: George Washington, Henry Ford, Dale Carnegie, Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, Steven Spielberg, Michael Jackson, Walt Disney (slides, a story about Disney)

My part of the world is home to hockey and basketball, rugby and baseball
(basketball game - show).
Great football players live and work in the states of Argentina and Brazil: Pele, Ronaldo, Maradonna.
I gave the world dancing: charleston, tango, lambada, samba. Samba is danced for 4 days and 4 nights during the Brazilian Carnival. The most important thing during the Carnival is the parade of samba schools.
Brazilian Carnival
(dance)
I am very glad that you know my history, culture and nature well ”.
Geographer and geographer: “Australia was discovered in 1606. Dutchman V. Janszon and 1770. south-east coast D. Cook.
The area - 7.7 million km2 - is the smallest of the new parts of the world. It is washed by the waters of two oceans - the Pacific and Indian. In the west and in the center there are plains, in the east there are low mountains - the Great Dividing Range with the Kostsyushko summit 2230m.
Lies in subEP, TP, subTP belts. The main and deepest river is the Murray, and its longest tributary is the Darling. The most famous lake is Eyre. Most of Australia is occupied by deserts, the northern is savanna, and the forest is in the east. The organic world is original and unique: 75% of plant species and 95% of animals are endemic.
It is rich in minerals: coal, iron and aluminum ores, oil, gold, etc.
One state is located on the territory of Australia - the Australian Union with the capital Canberra. The population is 17.7 million people. The indigenous people are aborigines. The state language is English.

I now give the floor to Australia.
Australia: “I, Australia, translated from Latin means“ southern ”. I am the smallest in size in the New World. But, in spite of the size, the word “big” is present in the names of my geographical objects. I ask young geographers to remember these objects (they are called objects).
And now I invite you to go on an excursion to the underwater world of the Great Barrier Reef (slides, story about BB reef).
I am the lowest part of the world; there are no young mountains or active volcanoes on my territory
I am the driest of all parts of the world, so half of the area is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts. My coloration is dominated by reddish tones (slides). But I am known, first of all, for the fact that animals and plants from past geological eras have been preserved on my territory. On other continents, they disappeared long ago, and I was isolated and removed from other parts of the world.
The animal world is especially amazing - oviparous mammals: the platypus and the echidna (slides);
among birds: lyrebird, cassowary, green parrots, emu (slides)
marsupials: kangaroo, koala, wombat, squirrel, wolf (slides, story about kangaroo).
Forests on my territory are rare and eucalyptus trees predominate in them. There are at least 500 species of them. It is a soil-drying, fast-growing medicinal plant (slides).
Residents of my part of the world take care of their plant wealth: every major city has its own botanical garden, each state of the Australian Union has its own botanical emblem. The Australians also love their unique animals. Some representatives are depicted on Australian coins. And the extremely popular ostrich emu and kangaroo are depicted on the national emblem of the country. And the choice of these animals is not accidental: they seem to symbolize progress, movement forward, since neither emu nor kangaroo can move back.
My historical past is complex and difficult. I was first a prison for convicts, then a colony of Great Britain, experienced several "gold rushes", and at the beginning of the 20th century. became the dominion of Great Britain.
The State of Australia is very rich in minerals and is the leading mining power in the world. But the national industry is sheep breeding (slides, story about sheep breeding).
The largest city of Sydney, strikes with its architectural structures (slides). I am grateful to everyone present for knowing my part of the world "

Geographer and Geographer: “Part of the world Antarctica lies almost entirely beyond the southern polar circle. Discovered on January 28, 1820 by the expedition of F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev.
The area of \u200b\u200bAntarctica is 14 million km2. This is the highest part of the world. The average height is over 2000 m. It differs from other parts of the world by its grandiose glaciation; only 0.4% of its territory is not covered with glaciers. There is an active volcano Erebus.
Antarctica lies in the AP and SubAP. The average winter temperature is -50-70 °, the average summer temperature is 0 to -30 °. The absolute minimum is -89.2 °. Precipitation only in solid form. Katabatic winds are characteristic, the speed reaches 90m / s. Lies in the RoW Antarctic Desert. There is no permanent population. There are about 40 scientific stations that belong to 16 states.
In 1959, an international treaty was signed, according to which this part of the world will be used only for peaceful purposes.
I now give the floor to Antarctica. "

Antarctica: “I, Antarctica or anti-Arctic, the polar region, lying on the opposite from the Arctic, the southern side of the globe. I, the land of snow and ice, shine dazzlingly in the rays of the polar day and enveloped in clouds and blizzards in the darkness of the polar night.
People were looking for me for a very long time, but for the first time Russian sailors saw my shores - members of the expedition led by F.F.Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev on the ships "Vostok" and "Mirny". This was in January 1820. They refuted D. Cook's assumption that the southern continent does not exist. The expedition spent 751 days on the voyage, the ships covered 92 thousand km. It was a great discovery of the 19th century, because a whole part of the world was discovered. Glory to Russian sailors and the Russian fleet. Almost a hundred years after my discovery, the South Pole was conquered. In December 1911. the southernmost point of the Earth was reached by the Norwegian Roald Amudsen, and in January 1912. - Englishman Robert Scott.
I am the continent of images. I ask the participants of the ball to pick up these images and comment on them (they say images, slides).
The penguin is my symbol.
(Song "Ice floes in Antarctica")
I invite you to visit me, and you will never forget the great silence of the icy desert, painted in the morning hours in gentle blue, lilac and pink pastels, cold flashes of aurora borealis, cozy lights of wintering. "
After representing all parts of the world, they (parts of the world) form mini-teams of pupils and teachers and present the products of the parts of the world.

Closing remarks from the geography teacher: “So the geographic ball of the new parts of the world has come to an end.
You are convinced that America, Australia and Antarctica, as well as Europe, Asia and Africa, have made a great contribution to the development of world civilization, they have amazing nature, unique natural objects, but each of them has its own unique face.
Thank you all for your attention, participation, and see you soon. "

Applications: Scenarios of events (.doc), 2 flyers (advertising leaflet) (.pub), Presentation "Geographic Ball of the Old Parts of the World" (.ppt) - 57 slides and Presentation "Geographic Ball of the New Parts of the World" (.ppt) - 102 slides - 38 MB

Of course, everyone remembers that Asia is the largest part of the world on the planet. TravelAsk wants to tell you about this many-sided and wonderful world in more detail.

The biggest

The area of \u200b\u200bAsia together with the islands exceeds 44 million square kilometers. Together with Europe, they form a single continent - Eurasia. There are more than 50 states on the territory of Asia, and they are all so different: India, China, Russia,. Each of them has its own customs and orders.

The term "Asia" itself came from the ancient Greek language. Greek mythology, like any other, personified natural phenomena and the surrounding world. The name Asia was borne by one of the Oceanids, the wife of Prometheus. Hence the name of the continent appeared. By the time of Herodotus, this name was firmly entrenched on the mainland, and the Scythians who lived beyond the Caspian Sea were called Asians.

So attractive and different

Asia itself is very diverse and contrasting: there are deserts and forests, steppes and mountains, jungles and tundra. It is in Asia that the highest mountain on the planet is located - Everest and the lowest place on land - the Dead Sea. The climate here is different: in the south it is warm and humid, in Siberia it is cold.

There are also striking differences in culture, religion and economic level.

So, for example, there are civilizations with a history of thousands of years: Chinese, Japanese, Indian. It was here, on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates, that they were born. Today in Asia there are countries with highly developed technologies (for example, Japan), and there are those where the inhabitants are still nomadic (for example, the inhabitants of the Andaman Islands). Here are the most luxurious and wealthy cities, as well as the worst and poorest slums.

And even women in Asia for every taste))) So, in Muslim countries, they do not even show their faces, and in Thailand the number of prostitutes is one Thai more than in any other state.

Fact number 1... It is in Asia that the largest reserves of gold, oil and other minerals are located.

Fact number 2... 60% of the world's population lives in Asia.

Fact number 3... Asia is larger than the moon.

Fact number 4... Asia is the birthplace of not only the most ancient civilizations, but also the largest structure made by human hands - the Great Wall of China.

Fact number 5... The Middle East is considered the birthplace of Islam, but it is in Asia that most Muslims live.

Fact number 6... One of the most populous countries in the world is located in this part of the world. This is Bangladesh. Here 85% are Muslims.

Fact number 7... The ten highest mountains are located in Asia.

Fact number 8... There is a forecast that by 2025, 7 of the 10 largest cities in the world will be located in this part of the world.

Fact number 9... Real girls-goddesses live in Nepal. They are called Kumari.

Fact number 10... Three religions dominate in Asia: Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism.

Fact number 11... In some Asian languages, green and blue do not differ lexically. So, in Japan for their designation up to the twentieth century they used one word - "aoi".

Fact no. 12... The cow is considered a sacred animal in most of Asia.

Fact number 13... Many countries have their own unusual laws and procedures. So, for example, in Japan it is officially forbidden to be fat. A man's waist should not exceed 85 centimeters, and a woman’s 90 centimeters. This is prescribed by law. This is because thin people are healthier. Therefore, if a Japanese suddenly gets fat, he needs to follow a diet, and a company where many overweight people work must pay a fine.

Fact number 14... Asia is the fastest growing continent.

Today, answering the question about the number of parts of the world, we automatically answer: six. Yes, in geography lessons at school, more than one lesson is devoted to this.
Currently, 6 parts of the world are traditionally distinguished:
- Europe;
- Asia;
- Africa;
- North America;
- South America;
- Australia and Oceania;
- Antarctica.

In recent years, some scientists have proposed to single out Oceania as a separate part of the world. If this is officially approved, then there will be 7 parts of the world on Earth.
But if you ask the question about the time when people began to divide the land known to them into parts of the world, then few people will answer this question. The maximum that can be heard in response: "It happened historically." And from this it follows that the answers to the question about the time of the division of land into parts must be sought in history.
Turning to historical chronicles, in search of an answer to the question "How many parts of the world are there on Earth, and when did they begin to divide?" you can find out the following:
1. The ancient Greeks were the first to divide the land into parts of the world. They divided the land they knew about culturally and politically. At the same time, they considered Greece itself the center of the world.
2. In VI BC. the ancient Greek philosophers divided the part of the Earth known to them into two parts. The land that lay to the west, they called Europe, that is, the country of Sunset. The land to the east of Hellas was given the name Asia, which in translation from the Assyrian language means "east". The use of the Assyrian name was due to the fact that the ancient state of Assyria was located east of Ancient Greece and the Assyrian words were popular among the ancient Greeks, and then among the Romans.
3. A century later, in the 5th century BC, the father of history Herodotus singles out Libya and Ethiopia lying behind it into a separate part of the land. The Romans called this land Africa when they went to conquer Carthage. The name comes from the name of the Afarik tribe who lived in those places. But there is a second version of the origin of the word "Africa" \u200b\u200b- Arabic. The Arabic word "Ifrikiyah" is translated as "Separated".

The ideas of the Greeks about the division of the world known to them into parts of the world were fixed in writing by Claudius Ptolemy in his work on geography, which supplemented the already existing parts of the world: Europe, Asia and Africa - even "Terra incognita" - with unknown lands.
On this, the process of dividing the land into parts of the world temporarily stopped. The era of the early Middle Ages, which fully deserves the title of the Dark Ages, has replaced the ancient era with its desire to know the world. In this historical period, people were not up to the question "How many parts of the world are there on Earth?"
But it all comes to an end, and the period of decline was replaced by the Renaissance. People again began to strive to gain new knowledge and know the world.
Christopher Columbus, in search of a way to India in 1492, sailed from the Spanish port of Palos de la Fontera. This voyage ended with the discovery for the Europeans of a new continent and, named after Amerigo Vespucci, who predicted its existence.
They began to divide into North and South America at the end of the 19th century after the construction of the Panama Canal, which divided the American mainland into two parts.
Dutch sailors discovered Australia in the 17th century - “Terra Australis Incognita”. This is how a fifth of the world appeared - Australia and Oceania.
The last, sixth continent, Antarctica, was discovered by the expedition of Russian sailors Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev in 1820. The full discovery of Antarctica was completed by the beginning of the 20th century, when it got its name, meaning "Opposite to the Arctic".
The process of dividing the land into parts of the world began in the ancient era, and ended almost in our days. But now the question of the beginning of the division of land into parts of the world can be answered quite specifically.

Cultivated in abundance throughout the world, it is called Citrullus lanatus in Latin. This large, lash-forming plant up to 3 meters long belongs to the pumpkin family. The closest wild-growing related species are still found in southern Africa, and the history of watermelons as a cultivated plant goes back more than one thousand years.

The features common to all varieties of watermelons are the presence of long, powerful whips, covered with pubescent feathery-lobed leaves with a noticeable bluish tint. For fixing on horizontal and vertical surfaces, watermelons use antennae, which coarse and dry out during the development of the plant.

Pale yellow single flowers are located in the leaf axils. When pollination occurs, a large fruit forms in place of the flower. It is because of this false berry with a hard surface layer and a juicy core that watermelon is grown. In the early stages of development, fruits, like stems and foliage, are covered with hard hairs that disappear as they grow and are considered one of the signs of ripeness of a watermelon.

And ripe, round and oblong, up to 60 cm in diameter, watermelons have:

smooth, tough peel, usually dark green or striped in color, but white, yellow, marbled and spotted peels are found;
juicy, sweet flesh of pink, dark red, orange, yellow or white tint with numerous brown or dark brown seeds.

Watermelons are thermophilic and grow comfortably only at temperatures no lower than 20-25 ° C.

At the same time, breeding work has been carried out for many decades to obtain varieties, both drought-resistant and possessing good disease resistance, and characterized by early ripening periods.

Therefore, the northern boundaries of crop cultivation have seriously shifted over the past hundred years. More and more people know about watermelons not only by hearsay, but also regularly enjoy sweet berries. And on the beds, fruits appeared, ripening within 65-75 days after the first shoots appeared.

The origin and history of watermelons

According to archaeologists and paleobotanists, the cultivated variety of watermelons shares common roots with small wild-growing representatives of the genus Citrullus, which are still abundant in the desert regions of South Africa, Mozambique and Zambia, Namibia and Botswana. It was in these countries that the largest number of genetic forms of watermelons were identified, giving fruits with bitter, fresh and slightly sweet pulp.

In ancient times, the wild ancestors of modern watermelons were practically the only source of moisture for animals, and for local tribes, and for travelers in the desert.

It was then that the history of the watermelon as a food culture began. If bitter plants with a high content of glycosides were left without attention, then more edible varieties reached northern Africa 4 thousand years ago and interested the peoples who inhabited the Nile Valley. From here, the culture, as the history of the watermelon says, spread to the Mediterranean, to the Middle East and beyond, to India and China.

The Encyclopedia Britannica tells about the cultivation of watermelons in Early Kingdom Egypt. It also mentions the presence of frescoes, which narrate about the collection of these recognizable fruits on the banks of the Nile.

The seeds of a watermelon or its distant ancestor have been found in the tombs of the 12th dynasty pharaohs.

There is written evidence of the cultivation of one of the varieties of wild-growing watermelon in India in the 7th century AD. Even today, the small fruits of Citrullus lanatus of the fistulosus species in India are used as a vegetable crop.

In the 10th century, watermelons came to China, a country that today is the main supplier of this type of melons to the world market. And on the territory of Europe, or rather on the Iberian Peninsula, watermelons came with the Moorish soldiers.

In the X-XII centuries, the plant is cultivated in Cordoba and Seville, from where, according to medieval history, watermelons find their way to other parts of the continent. But due to climatic restrictions, it was impossible to get stable yields somewhere other than southern Europe, and watermelons were used as exotic plants in gardens and greenhouses.

Interestingly, the melon culture very quickly acclimatized on the shores of the New World, where watermelons got in two ways at once: with European colonists and slaves brought from the African continent.

It is reliably known that the history of watermelons in America began in 1576. In this distant summer in Florida, watermelons planted by Spanish settlers were already bearing fruit.

A little later, melon plantations appeared in South America. Watermelons were enjoyed by the Indian tribes of the Mississippi Valley, as well as the local population of the Pacific Islands, including Hawaii.

On the territory of Russia, watermelons were obviously imported along the Great Silk Road, however, due to the complexity of the climate, until the middle of the last century, the culture was spread only in southern regions, for example, in Little Russia, in the Kuban and in the steppe regions of the Volga region. You won't be able to find out about the history of watermelons, for so much time the plant lives next to a person. Today, the roots of the cultivated species cultivated in many regions of Russia in summer cottages are not even known for certain.

But this does not prevent people from working on improving the plant and obtaining new varieties. At the moment, there are several hundred varieties and hybrids of cultivated watermelons in the world. Thanks to this and the development of greenhouse technologies, it became possible to grow sweet fruits even where people had never heard of a giant berry before.

At the same time, breeders are no longer limited to breeding new varieties with traditionally green bark and scarlet pulp.

In the beds, watermelons ripen, in which, under the white, black, spotted or yellow skin, not only red or pink, but also white and yellow flesh is hidden.

And for the most sophisticated gourmets, farmers in the Japanese province of Zencuji, placing the ovary in a special case, have mastered the cultivation of first cubic, and now figured watermelons.

The chemical composition of watermelon

What makes people all over the world love watermelons so much? The most obvious answer is the sweet, refreshing taste of ripe fruit. But what is the total energy and chemical composition of watermelons, and in what substances can they have a beneficial effect on human health?

100 grams of fresh scarlet watermelon pulp contains:

0.61 grams of protein;
0.15 grams of fat;
7.55 grams of carbohydrates, 6.2 grams of which are sugar;
0.4 grams of dietary fiber;
91.45 grams of water.

With this composition, the calorie content of watermelon does not exceed 30 kcal, but this does not end with the benefits of eating fruits. A 100-gram slice contains a mass of vitamins, including 10% of the daily intake of ascorbic acid, as well as at least 4% of the amount a person needs, vitamins B1, B2 and B3, B5 and B6, choline and essential micro- and macroelements. These are calcium, magnesium and iron, potassium and phosphorus, manganese, sodium and zinc.

An important place in the chemical composition of the pulp is occupied by lycopene, of which 100 grams contains up to 4530 μg. And in the bark of watermelon there is such a valuable amino acid as citrulline.

How long should a watermelon be stored?

To maximize the benefits of watermelon, you need to eat ripe fruits grown in compliance with the rules of agricultural technology. Moreover, during storage, watermelons also lose some of their vitamins, moisture and sugar. This means that the question of how long is of paramount importance. The answer to it depends on the variety and storage method.

If the pulp of the Ogonyok or Crimson sweet watermelon loses its juiciness and becomes grainy in a couple of weeks after being removed from the lash, then the juicy fresh fruits of the Holodok variety stored for up to 5 months can become a pleasant surprise on the New Year's table.

At room temperature, away from heating appliances, sunlight and moisture, watermelon is not stored for so long, up to a month. In a cool, ventilated cellar or cellar, whole watermelons remain tasty on average for 2 to 4 months.

If you want to keep the watermelon longer, you can freeze the pulp or juice.
The watermelon slices are dried to form a kind of chips. Natural gummies are made from dried juice.
And also watermelon is pickled, salted and fermented, they make their juice and pieces of fruit jam, jam and aromatic candied fruits.

When using these methods, the shelf life of the watermelon is extended up to a year. But a cut watermelon cannot be stored for a long time. Even in the refrigerator, pathogenic flora develops on the sweet moist pulp per day, and bacteria that lead to fermentation settle. In a warm place, this process begins in a couple of hours.

Signs of a ripe watermelon

To be able to recognize a ripe, ready-to-eat watermelon is important not only for the buyer at the counter, but also for the summer resident who has received a rich harvest. How long the watermelon is stored and what nutrients have accumulated in its pulp also depends on the fidelity of the choice. Without cutting the fruit, you can determine the ripeness by the appearance of the watermelon and the whip on which it is located.

experienced a lack of warmth, which was reflected in a slowdown in the development process;
received an excess amount of nitrogen fertilizers;
was under the influence of pesticides, leading to the accumulation of harmful substances;
suffered from a lack of moisture in the soil and air;
was deficient in the soil of molybdenum, sulfur, cobalt or potassium;
was in soil with high acidity or salt content.

The maximum permissible rate of nitrates in watermelon is 60 mg / kg. And here it is important to remember that the greatest amount of harmful substances is concentrated closer to the surface, and especially in the crust.

For an adult, the permissible amount of nitrates ingested is determined at the rate of 5 mg per kilogram of weight. The limiting amount of nitrites is even less and should not exceed 0.2 mg per kilogram of human body weight.

When the norm of nitrates in watermelon is exceeded, these substances in humans cause metabolic disturbances, and with regular ingestion of excessive amounts of these dangerous compounds, the development of cancerous tumors, cyanosis, severe damage to the nervous system and digestion, pathologies of the heart and blood vessels is possible. Nitrates and nitrites have an extremely negative effect on the development of the fetus during pregnancy.

In order to know everything about a watermelon intended for food, and to be sure of its safety, it is important to adhere to the rules of agricultural technology when growing and use the means of express analysis.