Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov (1911-1985) - biographies - biographies - Eternal memory. Weather Prophet School Telescope vs. Scientists

Domestic astronomer and meteorologist, author of the method of forecasting weather on Earth, taking into account the fluctuations in the Sun

Since 1935 A.V. Dyakov- Head of the meteorological observatory in the village of Temirtau.

Earlier in eterology “... the opinion was established that a certain area of high or low pressure, which arose in the atmosphere due to the difference in temperature (heating or cooling), as well as for reasons of wave and vortex movements, once arising, completely determines the further nature of air movement - dynamics of air flows.

In other words, the pressure field has come to be regarded as the main cause of all weather changes.

Therefore, all the attention of forecasters and forecasters turned to the fact that, based on certain, initial physical conditions in the Earth's atmosphere, to predict the further course of development of certain pressure fields (cyclones and anticyclones) in time and space either on a geographical map, or by calculation using the equations of hydromechanics.

This one-sided approach remained until the 70s of this century, that is, practically to the present day.

"On the contrary, I consider primarily periodic fluctuations in the energy of unstable atmospheric flows," said Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov, - and pressure, as a function of energy. Meteorologists, based on the equations of hydrodynamics, focused all their attention on pressure, energy in their work plays a secondary role.
This led to the poor quality of their prediction ...

In nature, the so-called trigger ("trigger") processes are known, in which the system from a weak external influence abruptly, abruptly passes into another state. Thus, an sometimes insignificant inflow of energy can cause a powerful process with very significant results. In the mountains, for example, the sound of a human voice is enough to cause a devastating avalanche.

The same thing happens in the atmosphere between the air pressure fields and its streams. The air flow flowing from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area, for example, from the northeast to the southwest, due to the additional influx of energy from the outside, can increase its power so much that this will lead to a significant displacement of the entire high pressure area in a completely unexpected direction ( for example, to the west).

It is curious what exactly similar cases were described by Alexander Ivanovich Voeikov more than a hundred years ago. They took place just during the period of high solar activity (maximum in 1870-1871) ”.

Golovanov LV, Complete consonance in nature, M., "Thought", 1977, p. 79-80.

«... Dyakov and a happy thought came to my mind - to connect two seemingly independent facts. A hypothesis arose about the intensification of air circulation under the influence of surges in solar activity. The movement of powerful counter streams - cold and warm - appeared as two sides of one global process. "

Golovanov LV, Complete consonance in nature, M., "Thought", 1977, p. 82-83.

“To give a physical and mathematical foundation for the emerging idea, Dyakov turned to the variational principle of mechanics. The universal variational principle - establishes in the most general form a criterion for determining changes in the state of any material systems, depending on the highest and lowest values of their total energy.

It is formulated as follows: to change the state of any material system that has connections, it is necessary and sufficient for its total energy to reach the state of extremum (i.e., maximum or minimum).

Dyakov applied this principle to the study of the mathematical expression of the energy of atmospheric circulation. It turned out that the state of the highest and lowest values of energy in the circulation of the Earth's atmosphere is completely determined by the difference in the rates of change in the temperatures of interacting air flows with different physical properties (warm and cold). When this difference is positive, then the atmosphere is in a state of unstable equilibrium, and the energy of horizontal circulation is at its maximum. When this difference is negative, then the atmosphere tends to a stable state, and the value of the energy of horizontal circulation - to a minimum. [...]

So, the Earth's atmosphere is a self-oscillating system, continuously fed by energy from the outside (from the Sun), and in this external feed, changes occur associated with the state of solar activity. As a result, the self-oscillating system continuously experiences significant natural and forced oscillations both in phase and in amplitude.

A careful determination of these fluctuations is the essence of the Dyakov weather forecast.

The time interval between two successive states of the extrema of the energy of atmospheric circulation (its instability) he called the energy cycle of the atmosphere. Its average value is 8.6 days. As a result of physical and mathematical research, the author came to the conclusion that this period of time (as a period of oscillations) is completely subordinate to the basic law of self-oscillating systems. During the high activity of the Sun, it increases to 12 or more days. Thus, the duration of unstable states of air currents - states of disturbances in atmospheric circulation - clearly increases with increasing solar activity.

Over the territory of Western Siberia, where Dyakov has been conducting observations for many years, specific forms of manifestation of the instability of atmospheric circulation depending on fluctuations in solar activity are especially distinct. Here, the maximum and minimum values of instability in the troposphere lead, as a rule, to pronounced processes of interaction between warm and cold air currents.

Back in 1938, Dyakov discovered the systematic appearance of tropical air currents over the territory of Western Siberia 3-4 days after the culmination of the active region on the Sun. In such a situation, the air temperature over Western Siberia rises by several degrees (often by 10-15 °), which, as a rule, is accompanied in this physical-geographical region by an increase in precipitation, storm winds, snowstorms in winter time, and in the summer - thunderstorms and heavy rains. At the same time, compensatory air currents, arising according to the pattern discovered by Lear, over the European territory of the USSR, cause polar invasions, i.e., cold waves.

In solar flares, according to astrophysicists, 1032 erg is added to the total energy released by the Sun. However, as a rule, only one two-billionth part of this amount of energy reaches our planet, that is, a value of the order of 1023 erg. "

Golovanov LV, Complete consonance in nature, M., "Thought", 1977, p. 85-87.

"Miracles and Adventures" 11/95

Weather prophet

Gennady SMOLIN

Once I asked a friend of the satirist: they say, where did you get such a find - they say, "I speak excellent French, but ... through a translator"? And he told me about how, once speaking in Obninsk near Moscow, he heard about the eccentric scientist Dyakov, who made a report to his fellow countrymen-colleagues in the purest French, and a young translator immediately pushed him into Russian.

After some time, I found out the details: it was Dyakov, the same weather forecaster from Gornaya Shoria in Kuzbass, who gave weather bulletins almost a year in advance, amazing both specialists and ordinary people. This was perceived as a miracle! .. After all, he sent his highly accurate forecasts to Cuba, France, Germany. Siberian pilots prayed for him.

It took official science many years to understand the essence of his predictions. Siberian pilots still remember the accuracy of his forecasts. From the Siberian hinterland, Fidel Castro received his warnings about typhoons.

ON THE FOOTS OF FLAMMDRION AND CHIZHEVSKY

Meteorology was in its infancy at the dawn of the 19th century. The progress was given when the director of the Paris Observatory, Mr. Le Verrier, who was known at that time as the luminary of French astronomy, got down to business. Emperor Napoleon III, oppressed by the death of the Allied fleet due to a sudden storm during the Crimean War, turned to the famous scientist to find out the possibility of a repetition of the catastrophic situation. Le Verrier, without hesitation, took readings of several barometers at different meteorological stations in France and transferred the results to the map, and connecting them with isobar lines, predicted the further path of the disastrous cyclone. The emperor was delighted with the discovery of his subject. Since then, meteorologists have begun to seriously study the differences in atmospheric pressure.

Well, the classics of the science of atmospheric phenomena went even further. Scientists such as Fitzroy, Klassovsky, Flammarion, Dove and others have developed the thesis of two atmospheric currents - warm (equatorial) and cold (polar), the power of which affects the weather on our planet. The indicated streams are conducted by the Sun. During explosions on the luminary, a "solar" wind flies to the Earth, causing magnetic storms that play not the last violin in shaping the weather on the planet. In turn, solar activity is influenced by many factors, from which three most important can be distinguished: the periods of revolution of the planets, the direction of their magnetic field and the approach of the planets to each other. Moreover, the so-called parade of planets gives the strongest effect, when for an outside observer they seem to be superimposed on each other and a kind of gravitational tube with two or three lenses is formed.

The radiation of stars moving along the planets lined up on the parade is focused by a kind of "gravitational tube" on the Sun, forming giant explosive processes on it, and this, as A. L. Chizhevsky has long proved, causes violent changes both in the weather on Earth and provokes social cataclysms on the planet...

Our contemporary Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov became a follower of the glorious French astronomer and popularizer of science Camille Flammarion, as well as the Russian cosmist Alexander Chizhevsky. And as it often happens in Russia, the naturalist Dyakov lived and was engaged in scientific research not in Moscow, the capital, but in the foothills of Altai, in Gornaya Shoria, or more precisely, in the vicinity of the village of Temirtau. It is sad to state, but Anatoly Vitalievich was not among us recently, about ten years ago. Dyakov's merit is that he found and calculated fluctuations in the power of the polar and equatorial flows of atmospheric masses, linking their parameters with the activity of the Sun. In the immediate vicinity of his unpresentable house, Anatoly Vitalievich personally built a small observatory, which was magnificently called the "Heliometeorological Observatory of Kuzbass named after Camille Flammarion." With this gesture, Dyakov immortalized the name of the French scientist in the vastness of Siberia. This noble act was carried out in compliance with the necessary formalities - with the full consent of the "Astronomical Society of France" and, of course, the generous "good" of the local authorities holding ...

SELF-ACTIVITY BASED ON TWO HIGHER EDUCATIONS

Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov spent his childhood and adolescence in the southern steppes of Ukraine near the provincial town of Elizavetgrad, where in his youth he was listed as an active member of the Russian Society of Lovers of World Studies. The main thing was that he had an excellent instrument - a 70-mm telescope, taken on parole from a school teacher. With the help of this instrument, the young astronomer comprehended the secrets of the daylight and other cosmic bodies. After graduating from two universities - first Odessa, and then Moscow, Dyakov went in a romantic impulse far beyond the Urals, to ... the construction of the Kuznetsk metallurgical plant. There the young physicist was appointed almost in his specialty: the chief meteorologist of the Gorno-Shorsk railway. And his debut in this capacity took place when he gave his one-day forecast for July 12, 1936: "Cloudy weather is favorable for construction work", - so read his brilliant dispatch.

And it should be noted that in those violent thirties, the error in the forecast could end in a camp at best. Dashing, as they say, time. Then Dyakov did not yet have access to long-term and super-secret weather forecasts, but after 36 years Anatoly Vitalievich made him talk about himself not only in the USSR, but also abroad ... Many still remember how in the summer of 1972 the Great Dry Land fell on the Central Russian Upland. Forests flashed like matches, and a gray haze, turning into an impenetrable rancid haze, covered the gigantic expanses of the Moscow region: peat bogs were burning ... Then, perhaps, for the first time, the whole country spoke about Dyakov, thanks to the ubiquitous reporters who found him in a taiga corner of Kuzb having found out about his long-term weather forecasts, and most importantly, that he warned ahead of time about the coming unprecedented heat. Anatoly Vitalievich was immediately exalted and invited, in the same 1972, to the 1st All-Union meeting "Solar-atmospheric relations in the theory of climate and weather forecasts". It was then that A.V. Dyakov visited the city of science near Moscow, Obninsk. Here at the All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrometeorological Information, he delivered his report in excellent French. Now no one knows about the root causes of such an act ...

It is only known that on that day the scholarly brethren - both local and foreign - were seemingly invisibly crowded in the institute's conference hall. They listened to the domestic Varangian from distant Siberia with a breath, gazing with curiosity at the “sight from Temirtau”, the newly-minted “eccentric Dyakov” (how many such “eccentrics” there were in Russia - darkness!). Well, then, as usual, they scolded to their heart's content in the institute's magazines, in the quiet of the corridors or at home, in the kitchen, about "a report in French through an interpreter." AV Dyakov, a representative of a kind of "Papuan-exotic" meteorological school, got a notable one.

ACCURACY OF FORECASTS - AT THE LEVEL OF THE XXI CENTURY

Seriously. The poisonous humor of the listeners, or rather, of the opponents, at the "clergy's readings" becomes comprehensible, if we turn to the results of the scientific activities of our Obninsk (and Moscow too) mockingbirds: their three- or five-day forecasts were almost with zero hitting the target. And this Varangian guest has similar indicators, simply amazing in accuracy. Namely: Anatoly Vitalievich brought the success of ten-day forecasts for Western Siberia to ... 90-95%, and monthly ones - to 80-85% of hits in the bull's-eye! Moreover, with the help of the revealed regularities of atmospheric dynamics, the scientist Dyakov made a warning no less than half a month in advance about 50 exceptional atmospheric anomalies that arose over the vast territory of Eurasia or the Atlantic. Among them are such weather surprises as storms, typhoons, hurricanes, heavy rains, deep cyclones or anticyclones, and, of course, great dry land or fierce frost. In the context of what has been said, an interesting case is the warning to the French about an unusually harsh winter, which made A.V.Dyakov instantly famous in the West, and from there - in Russia ... Here is a small chronicle of those ancient events.

Paris, France. Reply telegram: A. V. Dyakov, Temirtau, USSR (in a rather condescending tone): “Thank you for the dispatch, and especially for the urgency. We are already dressing in warm coats ”(they say, ha-ha, you, Russian colleague, scared us a lot!). December 21, 1978 - the very beginning of the unprecedented frosts promised by Dyakov in France. Excerpt from the newspaper Izvestia: "A severe cold snap in Europe caused a sharp increase in electricity consumption ... Many plants and factories stopped working ... Trains froze ... The damage is estimated at four billion francs ..."

Urgent telegram to A. V. Dyakov, Temirtau, USSR: “Thank you for your excellent foresight,” Mr. Zh. K. Pekker dispatched in a completely different manner. “Can you, dear colleague and honorable friend, send a note about your foresight technique? Is it necessary to take into account the activity of the Sun and how? "

It was symbolic that a fellow countryman and colleague of the same Camille Flammarion, who was one of the first to link the strict dependence of the weather with the activity of the Sun, asked this. Our Dyakov all fifty years of his life and work in his heliometeorological observatory in Temirtau, following the precepts of the famous Frenchman, observed the activity of our star, built a physical and mathematical model of the interaction of the main air currents with the geomagnetic field of the Earth, which was not before this "eccentric from Siberia" occurred to anyone.

TELESCOPE ON A RURAL Izbe

Dyakov made all his sensational discoveries thanks to scrupulous observations from the Camille Flammarion home observatory, which is a neat turret with a characteristic telescope dome, which, in turn, was cleverly adhered to a rural hut-five-wall. His past participation and contribution to the construction of the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine was now paid a hundredfold - the dome according to his special drawings was made by the metallurgists at the moment; they also bought a reflector with a meter-long mirror in France, for example, for the son and heir of Camille's ideas and his first exploration steps. Well, Father Anatoly Vitalievich himself used for more than a dozen years a primitive school telescope, presented at the time by academician Tikhov, pointing his student telescope at mysteriously changeable spots on the Sun and slowly writing down the numbers in a school notebook in order to quickly issue sensational long-term forecasts ...

This is traditional, so to speak, Russian "conservatism", when domestic scientists, using an amazing symbiosis of antediluvian equipment and ultramodern methods, eventually make great discoveries in scientific fields or technology. Such is the handwriting of many - clerk Kryakutny, mechanics and designers Kulibin and Polzunov, the Cherepanov brothers, naturalist Tsiolkovsky and meteorological forecaster Dyakov. Anatoly Vitalievich was elevated to the podium in 1972-1973. But now, some ten or twelve years have passed, and he was completely forgotten not only by his colleagues from the Hydrometeorological Center, but in general by the public of the USSR. As it happened more than once in the Russian Empire, so it happened in the Soviet Union and continued in the present Russian Federation... It is possible, of course, to explain the suppression of the extraordinary scientist and person that has come about by the monopoly of the "Moscow meteorological school", which rolled like a heavy roller across the geographic latitudes and longitudes of the country. Or to argue that the Gulf Stream plays the leading role in determining the weather on the Eurasian continent, and not the Sun at all. In our difficult times, it is impossible to immediately answer such questions. It has already been noticed by the ineradicable human memory that the long-suffering mother Russia has loved great compatriots from time immemorial, but ... the dead ...

Then it becomes obvious why AV Dyakov's manuscript “Forecasting the weather for a long time on an energy-climatic basis”, which was completed and put on his table already in 1954 (forty years ago!), Is still not in demand. Dyakov himself understood perfectly well that he lived and worked in Russia, where science was super-monopolized, or rather, it was officialized. And therefore, when he was asked during a scientific report or a press conference, they say, where is your mathematical justification or proof of this reasoning or this postulate, Anatoly Vitalievich laughed ironically and, patting himself on the forehead, calmly answered: they say, do not worry, Madame and Monsieur, everything is here, in my head full of the sun! Well, in accordance with the present times, Dyakov simply kept his discovery, like a magic key, in vain, with him.

THE HIGHER MIND - ORGANIZING POWER OF THE EARTH

Perhaps the most important thing is that Anatoly Vitalievich from naked materialism to the end of his life came to God (or maybe he did not leave God anywhere). It is not known for certain whether he began to visit in his Kuzbass limits Orthodox church, but strictly logically, as an outstanding Russian scientist of our time, Anatoly Vitalievich just quietly, in an intelligent way, moved away from the official dogmatic atheism. Most likely, as a naturalist, Dyakov saw with his own eyes that our world, consisting of chaos, over time did not turn into even greater chaos, but became a strictly regulated system, behind the scenes of which there must be a UNIVERSAL ORGANIZING FORCE!

The Russian scientist's chest did not become an iconostasis for government awards in the 70s. And the academicians married another - "their own, thug", as it was then. On this occasion, all the same French, whose language was loved by our hero, would ironically and easily respond: "Such is life!" The fact is that the intellectual Dyakov was a pygmy in that coordinate system and that symbolism that our glorious society developed as an antidote to white crows like Anatoly Vitalievich in order to knock the latter out of its place under the Sun. And if the Zulus had a ring inserted into their nostril as such an insignia, then the current “business” person, the so-called “new Russian”, has a bank account abroad, a luxurious foreign car, a platoon of bodyguards and a pompous cottage in a nature conservation area. The same "ring in the nostril", only at a modern-understandable level.

The location of the present person, as before, is determined (according to the famous Hume) "not by interests, but by opinions." In the case of Russian science, we seem to have come to a bitterly disappointing conclusion: since the glorious forerunner of perestroika, Nikita Khrushchev, science has happily degenerated into an immoral servant, and in fact is a tool for political manipulation. Our thesis is confirmed by the emergence and consistent development of a whole galaxy of destructive projects of the century: from the destruction of the Russian way of life in the countryside ("unpromising villages") and the finishing off of Orthodoxy (recall the mass of forced renunciations in the 60s from the ordination of clergy and the closure of churches) to the construction of a pulp and paper combine (PPM) on Lake Baikal. It was, it was, it was ... Some of the authors of these monstrous projects were awarded the title of academician, and someone was presented to the highest award. Probably, this is why domestic science is now approaching the transcendental line, beyond which - through the looking glass and more terrible than that of Lewis Carroll!

If we cast a retrospective look at the life and fate of Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov, then his path is extremely reminiscent of all those scrapes and tricks that were abundantly strewn with the road of the Kaluga dreamer and scientist K.E. Tsiolkovsky. Thanks to his mind, Konstantin Eduardovich managed to escape from the captivity of Mother Earth and predict in his opuses that which appeared to us only today. Well, A.V. Dyakov, as if repeating a compatriot, also overcame gravity, broke into sky-high heights and captured the atmosphere of our planet with his remarkable mind, modeled it as a complex physical and mathematical system. Both scientists were not accepted by society. True, Tsiolkovsky was nevertheless elevated to the rank of priest of science at the edge of life. And for Dyakov, after a short burst of popularity, complete oblivion came. Anatoly Vitalievich died in the circle of relatives and friends amid the deaf silence of scientific circles, our society and the mass media. However, his works are so focused on the future that no figure of silence can hide them. They will still benefit Russia. The country will soon rise from the sea of troubles and will appreciate its Siberian genius in the highest way.

Anatoly Vitalievich during his lifetime was awarded the national title of "god of the weather". He was not born and did not live in Novokuznetsk, but for many years from 1931 to 1985 he collaborated with the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Plant, with the staff of the Novokuznetsk Planetarium. Accurate weather reports were necessary for the successful operation of the plant and enterprises of the Kuzbass region and the country.
Thanks to the accurate and successful heliometeorological method for determining the weather on the planet in Soviet times, A.V. Dyakov's scientific research was known all over the world, his reports were requested by institutions in France, Cuba, Japan and other countries.
Anatoly Vitalievich was born on November 7, 1911 in Ukraine, near the village of Onufriyevka, Kirovograd region, into a family of folk teachers. Until 1924 he studied at a seven-year school in the village of Adjamka near the city of Kirovograd. After leaving school, Anatoly's family moved to Kirovograd. There he entered a vocational school, where he studied until 1926. Living conditions in those years were very harsh, cruel, full of hardships (from the autobiographical essay of A. V. Dyakov "How I Became an Astronomer and Meteorologist").
Interest in astronomy developed in the country and in the world, Scientific research and astronomical observations of luminaries and cosmic phenomena, popular science novels by the outstanding French astronomer KN Flammarion were widely published. Received a successful scientific development Russian society of lovers of world studies (during the years of the great terror, all members, and there were more than 2,500 thousand, suffered from repression).

The first important astronomical observations, which aroused interest in scientific circles, Anatoly Vitalievich made at the age of 13: on August 20, 1925, observing a rare cosmic phenomenon and fixing the coordinates of the trajectory of a large fireball in the sky.
In the vocational school where Anatoly studied, an astronomical circle of world studies worked, in which he was elected secretary. From the age of 14, Anatoly held fascinating creative meetings on astronomy in factories, factories, and houses of culture.

After graduating from school in 1926, he began preparing for the university exams. September 10, 1928 Dyakov was enrolled in the first year of the Physics and Mathematics Department of the Faculty of the Odessa Institute public education... In his student years, Anatoly Vitalievich, among the first supporters of new discoveries, was interested in the ideas of peaceful mastery of the energy of the atom.

In May 1932, Anatoly Vitalievich received a package from Paris with documents on his election to the number of full members of the French Astronomical Society. After graduating from the university in 1933 with a degree in physics and geophysics, he continued his studies at Moscow University. MV Lomonosov at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, where he was admitted immediately to the 4th year.

In 1934, not having time to graduate from the university, Anatoly Vitalievich was arrested on a denunciation and exiled to Siberia, to Gornaya Shoria to build a railway for the mine. Having learned about his abilities, knowledge of astronomy and meteorology, in July 1936, by decision of the leadership, Anatoly Vitalievich was appointed head of the hydrometeorological service at the construction of the Gornoshora railway (in construction and geological exploration, helio-meteorological observations, reports and forecasts were used and were necessary).

July 1943 to December 1948 he is the head of the Gornaya Shoria meteorological bureau.

On May 8, 1945, speaking with a report in the executive committee of the Kuzedeevsky district council of deputies, Anatoly Vitalievich made a proposal on the need to build a research solar meteorological station. 1946-1950 under the leadership of Anatoly Vitalievich, the construction of an observatory-type solar meteorological station was carried out, the place was allocated taking into account the wishes of the academician I.P. Bardin.

For the construction of the building and the organization of work, a site was allocated on the top of the Ulu-Dag mountain (translated from the Turkic Big Mountain): 15 hectares for a climatic reserve and 8 hectares for a meteorological station ... Gorno-Shor helio-meteorological observatory Anatoly Dyakov gave the name of the outstanding French scientist and astronomer Camille Flammarion, whom he considered his teacher in life and science all his life (at present, the helio-meteorological station on Mount Ulu-Dag has not survived).

In 1953, Anatoly Vitalievich prepared scientific work"The physical mechanism of the effects of the activity of the Sun on the processes of circulation earth's atmosphere».
Anatoly Vitalievich's forecasts were based on daily observations of activity on the Sun, on the study of the experience and works of previous modern and foreign scientists, meteorologists-innovators, on the knowledge of higher mathematics, physics, thermodynamics, displacement air masses according to the planet and the unique intuition of the scientist-researcher, the predictions were 100% accurate.

Not only metallurgical plants of the region turned to him for making forecasts, geologists and sea captains needed forecasts. Working in Temir-Tau (Kemerovo region), he sent reports to departments different countries: about droughts and frosts, storms and typhoons in the Atlantic. He compiled and sent at his own expense telegrams to England, France, India, Japan, America, Canada.
Despite the international success and demand for the research methodology of heliometeorological observations of A.V. Dyakov, the official science did not master his experience. In Soviet times, Anatoly Vitalyevich was repeatedly dismissed from his post, the work of the scientific research heliometeorological station was closed. But in all the difficulties and trials of life, Anatoly Vitalievich remained honest and devoted to his beloved science of helio-meteorology.
The earthly journey of Anatoly Vitalievich ended on February 15, 1985.
Weather God Anatoly Dyakov: "I have the honor to warn ... about the typhoon" / Olga Volkova, June 3, 2015.

An unusual lesson took place in the Novokuznetsk vocational lyceum No. 10 the day before World day meteorologist, it was dedicated to our fellow Kuzbass resident, geophysicist, astronomer and unique meteorologist Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov, who became the founder of heliometeorology.

Students on this day met with his children - Camille and Elena, who talked about their father and his work.Lyceum students together with their teacher Olga Torgashova, good knowing the family Dyakovs, collect documents and issue a request to the Novokuznetsk administration in order to name one of the city streets after this scientist-meteorologist, famous for his ultra-precise weather forecasts, who gained fame in many countries of the world, popularly nicknamed "the weather god".

He, a native of the southern steppes of Ukraine, a brilliant student of the Faculty of Astronomy of Moscow State University, came to our region with the first wave of Stalinist repressions. As a teenager, Tolya in his native provincial town of Elizavetgrad, having begged a 70-mm telescope from a school teacher on his word of honor, comprehended the secrets of the planets, paying special attention to observing the Sun. After graduating from Odessa University, Anatoly improved his knowledge in Moscow, was an active member of the Russian Society of Lovers of World Studies.

Continuing his observations of the ancient luminary, Dyakov constantly kept a diary, where, along with mathematical calculations, he wrote down thoughts about the political situation in the country. They became the basis for arrest and conviction to hard labor. From the Butyrka prison, the twenty-four-year-old prisoner was sent by escort to the Mariinsky Central, and from there to the mines in Gornaya Shoria, which were being developed for the young KMK.

The construction of the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine was in full swing, roads and railway lines were laid across the impassable taiga, daily weather forecasts were needed to successfully carry out the work. Despite the fact that Dyakov's specialty was far from meteorology, he was appointed chief "for the weather" of the Gorno-Shorskaya railway. On June 12, 1936, he made his first forecast: "Cloudy weather is favorable for construction work." It all started with him.
When the term of exile ended, he remained in Kuzbass.
Dyakov settled not far from Temirtau, later he built a small domed tower with his own hand, which he called the “Heliometeorological Observatory of Kuzbass named after Camille Flammarion”. All his life he followed the teachings of this French scientist, who was the first to point out the dependence of weather on the activity of the Sun. Here, observing the activity of the star, Dyakov built a physical and mathematical model of the interaction of the main air currents with the Earth's geomagnetic field, indicated the dependence of atmospheric processes on the dynamics of changes in the area of sunspots, which had never occurred to anyone before this "eccentric from Siberia".

His ten-day forecasts came true almost one hundred percent, monthly ones were justified by more than 80 percent. Working in Temirtau, he predicted droughts and frosts in Europe, storms and typhoons in the Atlantic. He compiled and sent at his own expense telegrams to England, France, India, America. In 1966, a message flew to Cuba: “Gentlemen, I have the honor to warn you about the appearance of a strong hurricane in the Caribbean at the end of the third decade of September. Head of the solar meteorological station of Gornaya Shoria Anatoly Dyakov. "

The forecast from the distant unknown Siberia caused considerable surprise, but the government of Svoboda Island, just in case, took measures, the fishing vessels did not go out to sea. Later, newspapers reported about hurricane Ines, which devastated Guadeloupe, Santa Domingo, Haiti for $ 100 million. This is one example; there are many of them in the history of world meteorology in the early 1970s.

Meticulously, going "in touch" with the Sun three times a day, Dyakov dictated telegrams in French to countries that were threatened by weather disasters. This language, thanks to his mother, he knew perfectly, the old record of the magazine "Krugozor", which released the first flexible records, preserved one of his messages.

And once in the language of Camille Flammarion, whom he revered, he made a report at the first All-Union meeting "Solar-atmospheric relations in the theory of climate and weather forecast", which was held in Moscow.
Among specialists, the name of Dyakov was already widely known, but most often representatives of official science called his approach pseudoscientific, and his forecasting method was not recognized. The skeptical grins of the audience of that famous lecture, for which they urgently had to find a translator into Russian, overshadowed shouts of "bravo" and thunderous applause.

Oddly enough, fame came to Anatoly Dyakov from abroad, from there they constantly consulted with him, the heads of state sent him thanks, helped him with equipment. In his native Fatherland, learned men did not notice him, while popular recognition was expanding and strengthening. All shipping companies knew his address, the chiefs of expeditions did not go out on the route without receiving his long-term forecast, the chairmen of collective farms did not start sowing and harvesting.
Meanwhile, Dyakov was known as an unrecognized genius and eccentric, and his book Forecasting the Weather for Long Term on an Energy-Climatic Basis, completed back in 1954, was never published, just as heliometeorology was not recognized as a science.

And yet his work was noted by the Soviet government. In 1972, Anatoly Vitalievich was awarded Order of the Red Banner for merits in increasing grain production. And soon the Novosibirsk hydromet department, under whose command the village station was located, fired an overly active and obstinate employee for violation of labor discipline.

Despite the constrained circumstances and a large family, Dyakov continued his work "on a voluntary basis" and stubbornly challenged the official meteorologists to the competition "whose forecast is more accurate."

Anatoly Vitalievich died in 1985, together with his death heliometeorology, which gives almost one hundred percent long-term forecasts, also disappeared into oblivion. The Temirtau Museum has a stand of his memory, there is still a dilapidated observatory, through its telescope you can see distant planets and the Sun, which entrusted Dyakov with its innermost secrets, still hidden for understanding others.

His son Camille, named after the French scientist, carefully keeps his father's works, the bundles of telegrams that flocked to the Siberian village from all over the world. “Where are you, God of weather?” - they still turn to him, but he will not answer, the genius of forecasts took his foresight with him. In a small house on Sadovaya, 30, on an old chest of drawers, there is a photograph of him: an open strong face framed by once violent curls, expressive eyes, in which a secret that he never revealed.

Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov - sun worshiper from Kuzbass

Sun worshiper

On the fine days of the "Indian summer" of 1966, an unusual telegram came to the Cuban embassy in Moscow: "Dear comrades! I have the honor to warn you about the danger of a very strong hurricane in the Caribbean at the end of the third decade of September. Head of the solar meteorological station of Gornaya Shoria Dyakov ".

Photo by A.V. Dyakov from the site word-combination.rf

Hurricanes in the Caribbean region are known for their terrible destructive power and bring residents South America huge and sometimes irreparable losses. Since the time of Columbus, scientists around the world have been trying to discover the secret of the origin of this element, to find reliable methods of prevention and protection.

Although the embassy staff were surprised at such bold predictions of a well-wisher unknown to them from Temirtau, Kemerovo region, they immediately sent an alarm signal to Cuba.

At the beginning of the third decade of September, the sun was shining brightly over Liberty Island, the ocean was calm. Even meteorologists did not notice any signs of worsening weather. And on the morning of September 28, heavy clouds hung low. The radar service sounded the alarm, but it's too late. A powerful hurricane rumbled over Guadeloupe, devastating all plantations of sugar cane, coffee, bananas. Thousands of people were left homeless. The hurricane caused enormous material damage to the inhabitants of Puerto Rico, Haiti. And only in Cuba, where they reacted with confidence to Dyakov's forecast and took timely protection measures, was it possible to avoid serious losses ...

The years passed. Anatoly Vitalievich purposefully continued his scientific search and transmitted alarm signals to those areas of the country that were threatened by the elements. His forecasts found acceptance among workers Agriculture, where, as you know, weather conditions dictate their will in the spring sowing and harvesting.

In 1972, Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for work that contributed to an increase in the production of agricultural products.

From what sources does Anatoly Vitalievich draw his knowledge, on the basis of which he makes predictions about the vagaries of nature? It is not so easy to answer this question; you can only give a brief idea of his creative search. Meteorology has its own history. The science of the atmosphere, its structure and properties that create weather and climate on earth, arose on the basis of observations of the processes taking place in near-earth space. For two centuries, a firm belief has developed that all processes occurring in the atmosphere are a consequence of the interaction of the ocean and land.

At the end of the last century, astronomers, and in particular the French astronomer Camille Flammarion, expressed the idea that our daylight, the sun, plays an active role in shaping the weather on the globe, and there, on its red-hot face, one should look for the keys to the "kitchen" weather. But at that time, neither Flammarion nor other astronomers could yet support their conjecture with convincing observational facts and therefore did not find understanding and support from their colleagues. True, meteorologists did not deny the fact that the energy of the sun is the source of the occurrence of physical processes in the toposphere, but talking about forecasting the weather depending on sunspots, excuse me, is already sheer amateurishness.

In the textbook "Synoptic Meteorology", published in 1940, we read the following lines: "Meteorological studies show that their influence (sunspots - ED) is present, but not very great, and the possibilities of its predictive use are extremely limited. But for amateurs, forecasting weather from sunspots is an extremely favorite topic. "

At that time, the young astronomer Anatoly Dyakov not only did not share the authoritative opinion, but, on the contrary, enthusiastically set about researching the solar corona with the hope of finding the truth and answering the question: who is right in the age-old support of meteorologists and astronomers?

Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov chose the thorny path to science. Even to his close friends it seemed that he had taken on an unbearable burden. Not hiding irony, colleagues in the profession called him a "sun worshiper" and waved hopelessly at him. Left alone and not meeting the sympathy of the official representatives of science, Anatoly Vitalievich arrived in Gornaya Shoria and founded a heliometeorological station in the village of Temirtau and began a painstaking research work, surprising the people around him with disinterested devotion to science ...

The sun. Since ancient times, it has attracted the inquisitive mind of man. Many ancient peoples considered him the main deity, the source of all blessings on Earth. Under sunbeams the fields turn green, a rich harvest is ripening. But this same Sun turns the earth into a dry, lifeless desert during droughts ...

According to modern data, the Sun is an incandescent ball of gas. Its diameter is 109 times larger than that of the earth. According to the generally accepted theory, solar energy is atomic. In the interior of the Sun, the so-called proton-proton cycle takes place, during which hydrogen slowly "burns out" into helium. This process is accompanied by the release of colossal energy. The temperature on the surface of the Sun is about six thousand, and in the center it reaches fifteen million degrees.

During the full solar eclipse the so-called solar corona is visible - an amazingly beautiful pearl-silvery glow around it ... The solar corona does not end where we see the edge of its radiance ... In some photographs, the rays of the corona can be traced at a distance of 20-25 million kilometers from the solar disk.

Imagine the surprise of scientists when spacecraft sensors in near-earth space found as many free electrons as there would be if the corona rays reached our planet! This meant that we live inside the Sun! This means that solar phenomena should be reflected to one degree or another in various earthly processes and in ourselves. The way it is. But this was not established immediately.

Back in the first half of the last century, the German pharmacist Heinrich Schwabe, a passionate lover of astronomy, observed the Sun every day through his modest amateur telescope for decades. He wanted to discover a new planet near the Sun. In order not to confuse the expected planet with sunspots on the surface of the Sun, Schwabe began to take into account all the appearing and disappearing sunspots.

Spots on the surface of the Sun were observed earlier, but only Schwabe was the first to determine that the number and size of spots increase periodically, approximately every eleven years.

Scientists have identified sunspots - this is a visual expression of the so-called solar activity. And soon a causal connection between sunspots and auroras was discovered, magnetic storms and other phenomena on Earth.

Later, in the first half of our century, the Soviet scientist Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky established a close connection between many biological phenomena and the rhythm of solar activity. It turns out that sunspots affect the growth rate of animals, and epidemics of diseases, and the reproduction and migration of insects, and the frequency of sudden deaths, and the amount of fish catch, and earthquakes, and much more.

Wat some facts.

In Leningrad, data was analyzed on what days, how many times the ambulance was called. Then these data were compared with data on solar activity. It turned out that the frequency of calls depends on the state of the Sun and its activity. With an increase in sunspots and chromospheric flares, the number of accidents and accidents in production and transport increases. Changes in blood pressure in humans, blood coagulation, the severity of the course of appendicitis, the number of deaths from myocardial infarction are associated with the same reason ... If all this is established, does solar activity really not affect the weather? In our time, this can no longer be denied, it is not for nothing that they say in scientific circles that we live in the rhythm of the Sun.

Last summer Dimitri Ivanovich Stepanov and I, associate professor of Kemerovo University, and I were lucky to get to Temirtau. We walk along rocky ledges and narrow alleys of the mine to a modest log house where Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov lives.

On the porch we are greeted by an elderly stocky man with a kind, welcoming smile.

The conversation began immediately, somehow naturally and easily - about the problems of astronomy and meteorology, about the ways of man's penetration into the secrets of space, and the mysteries of the Universe.

The small house is crowded with books.

Here are periodicals, journals on science and technology, books on astronomy and meteorology of all times, fiction ...

There are many French books and magazines. One of the latest issues contains a report on the anniversary of Flammarion held in France. The article also mentions the name of our interlocutor as the successor of the great astronomer's affairs. It is no coincidence that A. V. Dyakov has been a member of the French Astronomical Society since 1932, publishing his articles in the journal Astronomy, published in Paris.

Our conversation was unexpectedly interrupted by tourists from the city of Osinniki. According to established tradition, all young tourists walking along the routes of Gornaya Shoria do not pass by the observatory. And Anatoly Vitalievich never refuses warm hospitality to anyone. Who knows, maybe one of them will be imbued with a keen interest in his difficult profession and will continue his research over time, expand the horizon of knowledge and discover reliable methods of weather forecasting. And for this, he spares no effort or time.

At first, the observatory was housed in a modest tower adjacent to a wooden house, where Dyakov still lives and works. Now this tower serves as an auxiliary tower. The main observatory, the beauty and pride of the village, was built on the highest hill near Temirtau. There are spacious, comfortable rooms for laboratory work - on the top floor there is a tower topped with typical sliding hemispherical domes. It houses an equatorial tracking installation with an electric motor, brought here from Paris. A powerful telescope-refractor makes it possible to observe on the solar disk not only spots, chromospheric flares and prominences, into even smaller details - granules, torches ...

When Anatoly Vitalievich showed us his telescope, we saw the Sun on a square white screen. Yes, the sun! But not the one that shines in the blue sky. Here, on the screen, it can be viewed in detail without fear of damaging your eyesight. The largest feature on the Sun's disk at this time was a large black spot near the equator. Its shape resembled a bean grain, bordered by a gray stripe.

Here it is - the beginning of solar activity! The number of spots on the sun's surface will increase until about the eightieth year. Then the decline in solar activity will begin.

But how will this affect the weather? After all, one and the same solar phenomenon in certain places on our planet can cause completely opposite effects. With the appearance of spots on the Sun and chromospheric flares, the so-called solar wind intensifies - a corpuscular stream coming to us from an ancient star. It excites the upper layers of the Earth's atmosphere. This has long been recognized by everyone. And Dyakov argues that the troposphere, that is, the lower layer of the atmosphere, is a non-isolated phenomenon. But how the top layer affects its movement is not easy to understand.

Dyakov's element in science is extreme processes in the atmosphere: anomalous phenomena, prolonged droughts, prolonged bad weather, hurricanes ... It is they who bring the greatest disasters to mankind. Anticipating them means averting trouble in many ways.

This is what Dyakov does. The key to his model of the global solar impact on the earth's atmosphere is in the "trigger". The troposphere is an oscillatory system that is on the verge of instability. A small push is enough for the system to take effect. This push ("trigger") is the activity of the Sun, its spots and chromospheric flares. It is they who release typhoons and hurricanes from the atmospheric "bottle". It is especially dangerous when a sunspot or even more so a chromospheric flare passes through the solar meridian. At this time, the main flow of the solar wind is directed towards the Earth. But in order to know where, in what place of the globe this "trigger" can affect the troposphere, one must "see" the atmosphere of our planet on a global scale. That is why more than 10 thousand meteorological stations are scattered and operate on all continents of the Earth, special ships float in the oceans, meteorological rockets rise into the upper layers of the atmosphere, meteorological satellites and stations with telescopes on board go into orbits.

According to Dyakov, now the problem in meteorology is not a lack of information about the state of the atmosphere, but the methodology for mastering this information, the ability to draw correct analytical conclusions, and identify the main factors that shape the weather.

It was this technique that the sorcerer from Temirtau mastered. But this was not achieved immediately, but as a result of decades of hard work.

A. V. Dyakov has been predicting the weather for over thirty years. He will soon have an assistant. Astronomer Kamill Dyakov, son and like-minded person, named after the great Flammarion, will arrive in Temirtau.

We took away from Temirtau vivid impressions of our meeting with a remarkable man of the Kuznetsk land, an explorer of the Sun and the earth's atmosphere, “God of the weather,” as he is respectfully called here.

It was getting dark. The huge sun was slowly sinking below the horizon. In the dense air, saturated with summer moisture, it seemed to us beautiful and mysterious.

E. Dolgikh , Honored Worker of Culture of the RSFSR

(Land Kuznetskaya. Almanac. Kemerovo. 1978)

(1985 )

Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov(November 7 -) - Soviet astronomer and meteorologist. Born in the village of Omelnik. He died in March 1985 in Temirtau The main direction of research is heliometeorology: the development of an original method for long-term weather forecasting (for a month and a season), taking into account fluctuations in solar activity (the number of sunspots, the dynamics of their development, the ratio of the moments of passage of groups of sunspots through the central meridian of the Sun with maxima and the minima of natural vibrations of the earth's atmosphere).

Biography

Achievements

On the basis of the author's methodology, Anatoly Dyakov for a number of years issued long-term weather forecasts for some regions of the globe, in particular, he predicted Hurricane Inez in 1966, which he notified Fidel Castro about in a telegram. Thanks to the warning, hundreds of ships were withdrawn from the dangerous area. Predicted drought - drought in the USSR in 1972. Predicted freezing in France. Participated in the All-Union conference on astronomy in the city of Obninsk, where he made a presentation in French. [what?] .

Heritage

Dyakov's meteorological laboratory was destroyed after his death, and his methods and scientific works were largely lost. In 2012, Dyakov's book was published (at the initiative of his son, who preserved some of his father's copyright materials) "Forecasting the weather for a long time on an energy-climatological basis."

Some Russian meteorologists are proactively attempting to recreate the Dyakov method.

Criticism

Official Soviet meteorologists were skeptical about Dyakov's method. On the results of checking Dyakov's forecasts by specialists from the USSR State Committee for Hydromet: “Checking Dyakov's forecasts was carried out objectively and in good faith by a special commission…. The result of the check, in general, turned out to be deplorable for all types of his forecasts. For all the vagueness of his formulations, the success of the forecasts turned out to be within the limits of random coincidence (about 50%). "

Family

Sister - Dyakova-Tolkacheva Olga Vitalievna - Soviet writer (1913-1973)
Son - Dyakov Kamill, lives in the village of Temirtau.

Son - Dyakov Valery (1950-1996) lived in Novokuznetsk.

Awards

Anatoly Vitalievich Dyakov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for the successes achieved in increasing grain production.

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Notes (edit)

Literature

Giorgio V. A., Romanov N. N. “Is it realistic to use solar activity in weather forecasting at the present time”. // Meteorology and Hydrology. 1973. No. 8 pp. 99-103

An excerpt characterizing Dyakov, Anatoly Vitalievich

- Well there! - he said angrily, and after listening to the verbal orders from his father and taking the envelopes and the letter from his father, he returned to the nursery.
- Well? - asked Prince Andrey.
- All the same, wait for God's sake. Karl Ivanovich always says that sleep is the most precious thing, - whispered Princess Marya with a sigh. - Prince Andrey went up to the child and felt him. It was burning.
- Get out with your Karl Ivanitch! - He took a glass with drops dripped into it and walked over again.
- Andre, don't! - said Princess Marya.
But he frowned angrily and at the same time painfully at her and with a glass bent down to the child. “Well, I want it,” he said. - Well, I beg you, give it to him.
Princess Marya shrugged her shoulders, but obediently took a glass and, calling her nurse, began to administer the medicine. The child screamed and wheezed. Prince Andrey, grimacing, taking his head, left the room and sat down in the next room, on the sofa.
The letters were all in his hand. He opened them mechanically and began to read. The old prince, on blue paper, in his large, oblong handwriting, using titles here and there, wrote the following:
“At this moment I received very joyful news through a courier, if not a lie. Bennigsen allegedly won a complete victory over Buonapartia near Eylau. In St. Petersburg, everyone is rejoicing, e awards sent to the army are endless. Although German, - congratulations. The Korchevsky chief, a certain Khandrikov, cannot comprehend what he is doing: additional people and provisions have not yet been delivered. Now jump there and tell me that I will take off his head so that in a week everything will be. I also received a letter from Petinka about the Preussish Eylau battle, he took part - everything is true. When they do not interfere, who should not interfere, then the German also beat Buonapartia. They say he is running very upset. Look, jump to Korcheva immediately and perform! "
Prince Andrew sighed and opened another envelope. It was, on two sheets of paper, a letter from Bilibin, finely scribbled. He folded it up without reading it and again read his father's letter, ending with the words: "Hop to Korcheva and execute!" "No, excuse me, now I will not go until the child recovers," he thought, and going to the door, looked into the nursery. Princess Marya still stood by the bed and quietly rocked the baby.
“Yes, what else is unpleasant he writes? Prince Andrew recalled the contents of his father's letter. Yes. Ours won the victory over Bonaparte just when I am not serving ... Yes, yes, everything is making fun of me ... well, yes to health ... "and he began to read Bilibin's French letter. He read without understanding half, read only in order to stop thinking for a minute about what he had been thinking exclusively and painfully for too long.

Bilibin was now in the capacity of a diplomatic official at the headquarters of the army, and although in French, with French jokes and turns of speech, but with exclusively Russian fearlessness before self-condemnation and self-mockery, described the entire campaign. Bilibin wrote that his diplomatic discretion [modesty] tormented him, and that he was happy to have a faithful correspondent in Prince Andrei, to whom he could pour out all the bile that had accumulated in him at the sight of what was happening in the army. This letter was old, even before the Preussish battle of Eylau.
"Depuis nos grands succes d" Austerlitz vous savez, mon cher Prince, wrote Bilibin, que je ne quitte plus les quartiers generaux. Decidement j "ai pris le gout de la guerre, et bien m" en a pris. Ce que j " ai vu ces trois mois, est incroyable.
“Je commence ab ovo. L "ennemi du genre humain, comme vous savez, s" attaque aux Prussiens. Les Prussiens sont nos fideles allies, qui ne nous ont trompes que trois fois depuis trois ans. Nous prenons fait et cause pour eux. Mais il se trouve que l "ennemi du genre humain ne fait nulle attention a nos beaux discours, et avec sa maniere impolie et sauvage se jette sur les Prussiens sans leur donner le temps de finir la parade commencee, en deux tours de main les rosse a plate couture et va s "installer au palais de Potsdam.
"J" ai le plus vif desir, ecrit le Roi de Prusse a Bonaparte, que VM soit accueillie еt traitee dans mon palais d "une maniere, qui lui soit agreable et c" est avec empres sement, que j "ai pris a cet effet toutes les mesures que les circonstances me permettaient. Puisse je avoir reussi! Les generaux Prussiens se piquent de politesse envers les Francais et mettent bas les armes aux premieres sommations.
"Le chef de la garienison de Glogau avec dix mille hommes, demande au Roi de Prusse, ce qu" il doit faire s "il est somme de se rendre? ... Tout cela est positif.
“Bref, esperant en imposer seulement par notre attitude militaire, il se trouve que nous voila en guerre pour tout de bon, et ce qui plus est, en guerre sur nos frontieres avec et pour le Roi de Prusse. Tout est au grand complet, il ne nous manque qu "une petite chose, c" est le general en chef. Comme il s "est trouve que les succes d" Austerlitz aurant pu etre plus decisifs si le general en chef eut ete moins jeune, on fait la revue des octogenaires et entre Prosorofsky et Kamensky, on donne la preference au derienier. Le general nous arrive en kibik a la maniere Souvoroff, et est accueilli avec des acclamations de joie et de triomphe.