Presentation on the topic of the cultural achievement of May. Description of the presentation on individual slides. Writing and time review
The art of the ancient Mayans has reached its development during the classical period (about 250-900. N. E.). Wall murals in Palenka, Copane and Bonopack are considered one of the most beautiful. The beauty of the images of people on frescoes allow you to compare these cultural monuments with monuments of culture of an ancient world. Therefore, this period of development of the Mayan civilization is considered to be classic. Unfortunately, many of the cultural monuments have not reached our days, as they were either destroyed by the Inquisition or time.
Slide 2.
Architecture
For the art of Maya, who has found an expression in stone sculpture and bas-reliefs, works of small plastics, painting on walls and ceramics, is characterized by religious and mythological themes embodied in stylized grotesque images. The main motifs of the art of Maya are anthropomorphic deities, snakes and masks; It is characterized by a stylistic grace and sophistication of lines. The main building material for Maya was the stone, first of all, the limestone. Typical for the Mayan architecture were false arches, directed up the facades and roofs with the ridge. These massive facades and roofs, crowded palaces and temples, created the impression of height and majesty.
Slide 3.
Slide 4.
Writing
The main elements of the letter system served signs that are known about 800. Typically, signs have a square or oblong oval; One or more signs can be placed together, forming a so-called hieroglyphic unit. Many such blocks are located in a certain order in a straight lattice, which determined the spatial framework for most known inscriptions. Inside this grille, the hieroglyphic blocks form rows and columns, the reading of which was subordinate to the special rules. Also big weight Pictographic signs depicting, often in detail, animals, people, body parts and household items.
Slide 5.
Writing and time review
Exceptional intellectual achievements of the Decolumba New World were created by the people of the Maya system of letters and time counting. Maya hieroglyphs served both for ideographic and phonetic letters. They were cut on the stone, painted on ceramics, they were written folding books on local paper, called codes. These codes are the most important source for the study of the Library of Maya .. In addition to this, Maya used "Zolkin" or "Tonalamatl" - the accounts based on Numbers 20 and 13. The Tsolkin system distributed in Central America is very ancient and not necessarily invented The people of Maya. Olmekov and in the culture of the foothold of the formative era, similar and sufficiently developed time surge systems have developed even earlier than Mayan. However, Maya in improving the numerical system and astronomical observations advanced much further than any other indigenous people of Central America.
Slide 6.
Letter Maya.
Slide 7.
The territory, which was held by the Mayan civilization. The border of the Maja culture is highlighted in red - the territory of the Meso American civilization
Currently (2011) the territory on which the development of the Mayan civilization occurred is part of the states: Mexico (Chiapas states, Campeche, Yucatan, Kintana-Roo), Guatemala, Belize, Salvador, Honduras (Western).
There are about 1000 settlements of the Mayan culture (at the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century), but not all of them are excavated or investigated by archaeologists, as well as 3,000 villages.
Slide 8.
Religion
Among the ruins of the Mayan cities dominate the construction of a religious nature. It is assumed to be religion together with the ministers of temples played in the life of Maya key role. In the period from 250 years. e. up to 900 years e. (The classical period of Maya's development) at the head of the state cities in the region stood the rulers who concluded in themselves if not the highest, then at least a very important religious function. Archaeological excavations Allowed to say that representatives of the highest layers of society also took part in religious rituals.
Slide 9.
Time, Space and End of Light
Like other peoples who inhabited Central America of that time, Maya believed in the cyclical nature of time and astrology. For example, their settlements of motion, Venus diverged with modern astronomical data for just a few seconds per year. They imagined the universe, divided into three levels - the underground world, the earth and the sky. Religious rituals and ceremonies were closely associated with natural and astronomical cycles. Repeating phenomena were subjected to systematic observations, after which they were displayed in various calendars. The task of the Maja religious leader consisted in the interpretation of these cycles.
In particular, on astrology and the Maya calendar, "The Time of Fifth Sun" will end on December 21-25, 2012 (winter solstice). "The fifth sun" is known as the "sun of movement", because, according to the ideas of the Indians, the earth will occur in this era. From which everyone will die. The end of the world, followed by the next birth of the universe. This date causes a lot of modern panico liards and esoteric speculation. Especially this theory is popular in motion " New era"Where is mixed with the Christian anteniac idea of \u200b\u200bthe apocalypse.
Slide 10.
Slide 11.
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Paderin Vladimir Stanislavovich
Lyceum №142.
Slide 2.
What is it?!
Maya is a civilization in Central America, known for its writing, art, architecture and mathematical and astronomical systems. It began to form in the preclassive era (2000 BC. E.- 250 N. E.), most of its cities reached the peak of their development in the classical period (250 n. - 900 N. e.). I continued to exist before the arrival of the conquistadors.
Slide 3.
Maya built stone cities, many of which were abandoned long before the coming of Europeans, others were inhabited and after. The calendar developed by Maya was used and other nations of Central America. A hieroglyphic system of the letter was used, partially deciphered. The numerous inscriptions on the monuments are preserved. Created effective system Agriculture, had deep knowledge in the field of astronomy.
Slide 4.
Writing
Slide 5.
Slide 6.
Exist
- Early report (about 2000-900 BC. E.)
- The average report (about 900-400 BC. E.)
- Late report (about 400 BC. E. - 250 years. E.)
- Early classic period (about 250-600 years. E.)
- Late classic period (about 600-900, n. E.)
Slide 7.
Slide 8.
The art of the ancient Mayans has reached its development during the classic period (about 250 years - 900 years. E.). Wall murals in Palenka, Copane and Bonampak are considered one of the most beautiful. The beauty of the images of people on frescoes allow you to compare these cultural monuments with monuments of culture of an ancient world. Therefore, this period of development of the Mayan civilization is considered to be classic. Unfortunately, many of the cultural monuments have not reached our days, as they were either destroyed by the Inquisition or time.
"Latin America" \u200b\u200b- goals: 1.Mine. 2. Durable. 3. Business tasks. 4. Troubles. State Latin America, in The population of which the Indian population prevails. The state of Latin America, which is the largest exporter of oil and gas. The highest step of ethnic community. Workout. The country of Latin America, the largest exporter of bauxite.
"History of Latin America" \u200b\u200b- XVII V.- Colonization North America (England and France). End of XVIII-beginning. In Central America: Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Salvador. So in XIX. At the head of the uprising Tousssen-Louver. XV-XVI V.- Colonization South America (Spain, Portugal). San Domingo). Elements of capitalist economy.
"Mesoamerica" \u200b\u200b- Olmek ceramics. Hollow ceramic figure. Anthropomorphic ax. 1000-600. BC. 22x9 cm. Olmek culture Teotihuacan culture Culture Toltecs Culture of Aztec Culture Maya. Central Mexico. Figurine player ball. The green stone is depicted by a man with a split head, the mouth of the jaguar and the flaming eyebrows was intended for religious and ritual purposes.
"America Africa" \u200b\u200b- a trip to amazing world Middle Ages. Custom: help each other. I. -Good mood; - the lack of mood is a cool mood; Home Culture - Corn. Plants immigrants. Identifier 229-750-219. Today __ _____ 20__ years. Guest is a representative of the Aztec tribe. The West Coast of South America, Peru - Cusco City.
"Citizenship of the Dominican Republic" - the rainy season begins in May and ends at the end of August. We do not choose customers - customers choose us. In August, the air temperature rises to + 31c, in January, lowers up to + 22c. Stages of the immigration process. The time staying in the country is 2-3 days. 2 visits. Peaks tourist season Come on July-August and December-March.
"Art of America" \u200b\u200b- Inca Ceramics. The most characteristic monuments of Olmek culture are mysterious - huge stone "heads" with a height of up to three meters and weighing to forty tons. The two main churches dedicated to the Sun and the Moon were located on huge pyramids (the sunshine stood on the pyramid with a height of almost sixty-five meters).
Total in the subject of 18 presentations
Slide 1.
The art of the art of the ancient Mayans has reached its development during the classical period (about 250-900. N. E.). Wall murals in Palenka, Copane and Bonopack are considered one of the most beautiful. The beauty of the images of people on frescoes allow you to compare these cultural monuments with monuments of culture of an ancient world. Therefore, this period of development of the Mayan civilization is considered to be classic. Unfortunately, many of the cultural monuments have not reached our days, as they were either destroyed by the Inquisition or time.Clade 2.
Architecture for the art of Maya, which has found an expression in stone sculpture and bas-reliefs, works of shallow plastics, painting on walls and ceramics, is characterized by religious and mythological topics embodied in stylized grotesque images. The main motifs of the art of Maya are anthropomorphic deities, snakes and masks; It is characterized by a stylistic grace and sophistication of lines. The main building material for Maya was the stone, first of all, the limestone. Typical for the Mayan architecture were false arches, directed up the facades and roofs with the ridge. These massive facades and roofs, crowded palaces and temples, created the impression of height and majesty.
Slide 3.
Slide 4.
Writing the main elements of the letter system were signs that about 800 are known. Typically, signs have a square or oblong oval; One or more signs can be placed together, forming a so-called hieroglyphic unit. Many such blocks are located in a certain order in a straight lattice, which determined the spatial framework for most known inscriptions. Inside this grille, the hieroglyphic blocks form rows and columns, the reading of which was subordinate to the special rules. Also large weights have pictographic signs depicting, often in detail, animals, people, parts of the body and household items.
Slide 5.
The writing and time review of the exceptional intellectual achievements of the Decolumba New World were created by the people of the Maya system of letters and the number of time. Maya hieroglyphs served both for ideographic and phonetic letters. They were cut on the stone, painted on ceramics, they were written folding books on local paper, called codes. These codes are the most important source for the study of the Library of Maya .. In addition to this, Maya used "Zolkin" or "Tonalamatl" - the accounts based on Numbers 20 and 13. The Tsolkin system distributed in Central America is very ancient and not necessarily invented The people of Maya. Olmekov and in the culture of the foothold of the formative era, similar and sufficiently developed time surge systems have developed even earlier than Mayan. However, Maya in improving the numerical system and astronomical observations advanced much further than any other indigenous people of Central America.
Slide 6.
Slide 7.
The geographical location of the Mayan civilization occupied. The red border of the Maja culture is highlighted, the territory of the Meso American civilization is currently (2011) the territory on which the development of Mayan civilization is part of the states: Mexico (Chiapas, Campeche, Yucatan, Kintana-Roo), Guatemala, Belize, Salvador , Honduras (Western). There are about 1000 settlements of the Mayan culture (at the beginning of the 80s of the 20th century), but not all of them are excavated or investigated by archaeologists, as well as 3,000 villages.
Slide 8.
Religion among the ruins of Maya cities dominate the construction of a religious nature. It is assumed to be religion together with the ministers of temples played in the life of Maya key role. In the period from 250 years. e. up to 900 years e. (The classical period of Maya's development) at the head of the state cities in the region stood the rulers who concluded in themselves if not the highest, then at least a very important religious function. Archaeological excavations suggest that representatives of the highest layers of society also took part in religious rituals.
Slide 9.
Time, Cosmos and End of Light Like other peoples who inhabited Central America of that time, Maya believed in the cyclical nature of time and astrology. For example, their settlements of motion, Venus diverged with modern astronomical data for just a few seconds per year. They imagined the universe, divided into three levels - the underground world, the earth and the sky. Religious rituals and ceremonies were closely associated with natural and astronomical cycles. Repeating phenomena were subjected to systematic observations, after which they were displayed in various calendars. The task of the Maja religious leader consisted in the interpretation of these cycles. In particular, on astrology and the Maya calendar, "The Time of Fifth Sun" will end on December 21-25, 2012 (winter solstice). "The fifth sun" is known as the "sun of movement", because, according to the ideas of the Indians, the earth will occur in this era. From which everyone will die. The end of the world, followed by the next birth of the universe. This date causes a lot of modern panico liards and esoteric speculation. Especially this theory is popular in the "New Era" movement, where it is mixed with the Christian anteniac idea of \u200b\u200bthe apocalypse.
Maya Civilization of mesoames, known due to its writing, art, architecture, mathematical and astronomical systems. The beginning of its formation (2000 BC. E. 250 N. E.), Maya built stone cities, many of whom were abandoned long before the coming of Europeans, others were inhabited and after. The calendar developed by Maya was used and other nations of Central America. A hieroglyphic system of the letter was used, partially deciphered. The numerous inscriptions on the monuments are preserved. Created an effective agriculture system, had deep knowledge in the field of astronomy. The descendants of the ancient Mayans are not only modern peoples of Maya, which preserved the language of the ancestors, but also part of the Hispanic population of the southern states of Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras. Some Mayan cities include UNESCO to the List of World Heritage List: In Salvador, the small village of Maya, which was buried under volcanic ash and now excavation. Mesoames of calendar central America astronomyia Mexicigvathemals of Hondurasaynemissemia
The art of the ancient Mayans has reached the peak of its development during the classic period (about 250 years 900, N. E.). Wall murals in Palenka, Copane and Bonampak are considered one of the most beautiful. The beauty of the images of people on the frescoes allow you to compare these monuments of culture with the cultural monuments of the ancient world, so this period of development of the Mayan civilization and is considered to be classical. Unfortunately, many of the cultural monuments did not reach this day, as they were destroyed either by the inquisition or time.250 of the year 900 of the Palencuecopane of the Bonampacaantic World inquisition Art Maya
The main apparel of the men was a loin bandage (ESH) loose dressings of famous persons "with great care and beauty" decorated with feathers or embroidery. On the shoulders pounced a false cape from a rectangular piece of fabric, also decorated. Noble people added to this along with a long shirt and the second loophole dressing, similar to the splash skirt. Their clothes were richly decorated and looked probably very colorfully. The rulers and commanders sometimes worn instead of the cape of the skin of the jaguar. Women's clothes consisted of two main items: a long dress (cube) and a lower skirt of the upper clothes, as in men, served as a cape, but longer. All clothing items were decorated with multicolor patterns. Ribbon (part of the Mayan women's costume) Male Maja people costume (by finds in the ancient Maya Palenque) Maja clothing
For the art of Maya, who has found an expression in stone sculpture and bas-reliefs, works of small plastics, painting on walls and ceramics, is characterized by religious and mythological topics. The main motifs of the art of Maya Anthropomorphic deities, snakes and masks; It is characterized by a stylistic grace and sophistication of lines. The main building material for Maya was the stone, first of all, the limestone. Typical for the Mayan architecture were false arches, aspiring up the facades and roofs with a comb. These massive facades and roofs, crowded palaces and temples, created the impression of height and majesty. Maya architecture
Were created by the people of Maya letters and time calculus. They were cut on the stone, painted on ceramics, they were written folding books on local paper, called codes. These codes are an essential source for research on Mayan's writing. In addition to this, Maya used "Zolkin" or "Tonalamatl" of the score system based on numbers 20 and 13. The Tsolkin system, common in Central America, is very ancient and not necessarily invented by the people of Maya. Maya in improving the numerical system and astronomical observations advanced much further than any other indigenous people of Central America.Kodexes of Maya hieroglyphs in the Museum of Palenk, Mexico Palencherexic writing, and time calculation
Among the ruins of the Mayan cities dominate the construction of a religious nature. It is assumed to be religion together with the ministers of temples played in the life of Maya key role. From 250 to 900 years. e. At the head of the state cities in the region stood the rulers who concluded in themselves if not the highest, then at least a very important religious function. Religion at Maya.
As with other nations of Central America, human blood played a special role from Maya. Up to our days, various objects of life vessels, small plastic and ritual tools can be told about the specific ritual of bloodletting. The main type of ritual bleeding in the classic period was the ritual, in which the language was sicked, and it was done both men and women. After piercing the organs (language, lips, palms), the lace or the rope did through the holes. According to Maya's ideas, the soul and vital energy were in the blood.
Human sacrifices were a common phenomenon at Maya. Human sacrifice brought through hanging, drowning, poisoning, beating, and also by burial alive. The most cruel kind of sacrifice was, as well as at the Aztecs, swelling the abdomen and breaking out of the chest of another stealing heart. Sacrifice was sacrificed both captured prisoners from other tribes and representatives of their own people, including members of the Supreme Layers of the Company.Aztekov
Major's warriors used in battles combat clubs, brass tubes, knives, spears, axes, macans and other weapons. Also used arrows and leaves. At the same time, the leaf was twisted into the tube, through which the arrows were started in the enemy, often with infected tips. Maja rarely used helmets, however Maya used in battle of wood shields and animal skin. In service with Maya, there were also wooden swords with silica blades inserted in them, reminiscent of the right. Interesting devices, as a rule, leather harnesses, which were clamped with their fingers or put on the wrist of the hand. They worked as auxiliary catapult, for more distant shots of short copies (darts), using these fixtures, the throwing distance increased by two times. The vabies of the brass tubing tube-pool peepers strokes of the helmet pultica of the brass gun Maja 18
