Where the river Biyuk Karasu flows into in the Crimea. Description and photos of the source of karasu-bashi in the Belogorsk region of the Crimea. Big black water
Right tributary Biyuk-Karasu, 77.6 (62) kilometers long with a basin area of \u200b\u200b268 (255) km²... Kuchuk-Karasu flows, practically, strictly to the north, forming picturesque waterfalls in the gorge. Near the village of Bogatoe, the river flows into a longitudinal valley between the Main and Inner ridges Crimean mountains and, skirting the Kubalach mountain range from the west, flows in the direction of the Crimean steppes.
The Kuchuk-Karasu River is the most significant tributary of the Biyuk-Karasu. It originates in the Arpatsky region of Karabi-yayla, near the Gorucha pass (Pavlo-chokrak spring) at an altitude of 725 m and flows into Biyuk-Karasu at a distance of 25 km from the mouth. Drainage basin of 255 km² located in the upper part on the northern slopes of the Main ridge of the Crimean Mountains, in the middle part - in the Foothills region, in the lower part - in the Plain Crimea. The southern upper part of the basin has a mountainous, highly rugged relief. The slopes of the mountains are steep, steep, covered with dense forest. In the foothill part, the river crosses the first longitudinal valley, the second and third mountain ranges, where the terrain is hilly. When crossing the Inner Mountain Range, a picturesque Prolom gorge is formed between the Ailyanchik-Kaya and Burunduk-Kaya mountains. The lower part of the catchment is a flat, treeless plain. In the lower reaches, the river dries up in the summer-autumn period. Here the river network is poorly developed and is represented only by gullies and ravines that carry water during rains or snowmelt.
In the upper reaches, up to the Povorotnoye village, the river valley looks like a gorge with picturesque waterfalls and numerous baths of youth. An excursion route known as "In the Kokasan gorge" or. Below, the valley takes on a box-like shape and is occupied by gardens. The riverbed was taken to the right side of the valley in the 70s of the XX century, freeing up the land for intensive palm gardens, a reservoir under the southern slopes of Mount Koktash and an irrigation system were built.
The valley has been inhabited since ancient times. The remains of settlements from the Neolithic and Copper Age were found here. There were also mounds dating back to the Bronze Age. In the Middle Ages, these lands were included in the territory of the Soldai Genoese consulate. In the river valley, by the road to Sudak, there is the village of Bogatoye, buried in gardens. The former name of the village “Bakhchi-Eli” (the land of gardens) fits it perfectly. The village of Bakhchi-Eli appeared in the 80s of the 18th century. The first mention of the village is found in the statistical reference books of 1783. In 1944, immigrants came here from the central regions of Russia, from the Ukraine and the Kuban. The main occupation of the population of this valley is gardening. Once upon a time there were indeed many apple orchards here. Apples of different varieties were grown (Renet Simirenko, Winter Banana, Sary-Sinap, etc.). It was from here that the fruit trade in Russia began. The harvest was sold on the vine in May. One pood of apples were bought for 2-3 rubles, carefully packed and transported to Russia, where they were sold in dozens for the same 2-3 rubles. About fifty years ago, all the old gardens were uprooted and instead of them intensive gardens (palmette) were planted, which did not take root here due to climatic conditions... In these fertile lands, the Armenians settled, who came to these lands in the XI-XII centuries, fleeing the Seljuk Turks. A kilometer from the village of Bogate, upstream from the road are ruins armenian temple XIV century.
The Kuchuk-Karasu river is the last river of the Salgira river system.
Tributaries
The main tributaries are Sollar (Burliuk) with a length of 7.2 km; Dzhemrek-Uzen (Kopyrlikoy) length 12 km and Dzhanykbet-Uzen length 5.8 km... In addition to these tributaries, the river receives another 20 less than 5 km.
The left tributary, the Dzhemrek-Uzen, originating in the Ortachek tract, between the Kabarga and Dzhemrek mountains, flows into the Kuchuk-Karasu in the middle reaches, near the Michurinskoe village. Below the village of Povorotnoye, Kuchuk-Karasu receives another right tributary - the Sollar River, which originates from the Shelensky Pass (663 m).
Excursion routes
One of the hiking trails known as "Cheremisovskie waterfalls" is directed to the picturesque Kokasan gorge. Immediately after the village of Povorotnoye, the protected area of \u200b\u200bthe Belogorsk Forestry Zag begins. The road along the gorge is pleasant even in the summer heat, since the reserved beeches are closed with crowns at the top, and in the forest, thanks to this, it is shady and cool. The river bed is littered with stones of different sizes. The open roots of the trees show to what level the water rises during a flood. The sides of the gorge, although not high, but close to each other, so the power of the water, which developed such a miracle of nature, is especially felt. To facilitate the passage through the gorge, the foresters have equipped simple devices, thanks to which even a completely unprepared person can overcome the crests of three waterfalls on the way. The guides tell legends and stories about each "bath of youth" and about each waterfall, giving them the appropriate names (youth, health, beauty, love, wealth). Tourist custom requires to plunge into the water of each "bath" and stand under the streams of each waterfall. In this case, the animating abilities of the guide are very important, who, after a convincing story, courageously plunges into each of the baths, thus urging tourists to do the same. Such excursions into nature give health, youth, beauty, and love, which is the true wealth of every person. The excursion route along the Kokasan tract ends at a huge cascading waterfall, above which the river is a small stream, following along which upstream you can get to the Gorucha pass (743 m) and go to the Arpat Yayla. Then you can go down to the Panagia tract, located already on the southern slopes of the Main ridge, and along the river Arpat go down to the southern coast of Crimea. Once there was a road connecting the town of Karasubazar (now Belogorsk) with the village of Arpat (now Zelenogorye). The picturesque gorge of the Arpat River is called the land of sharp peaks. In the upper reaches of the Arpat, from the north and west, the picturesque, not usual for Crimea, sharp peaks of the Sori (Sugar Loaf), Shuvri and Khrikol mountains are striking.
Another walking route also begins above the Povorotnoye village along the stream of the Kuchuk-Karasu's right tributary - the Burliuk River. In the upper course, the river flows along the Burliuk-Dere ravine with steep wooded slopes and many side beams. Burliuk originates from the northwestern slopes of the long wooded Berlyuk mountain, with vast glades at the top. During the Civil and Great Patriotic War Mount Berlyuk and Berlyuk gorge were partisan lands. There are many monuments of military glory in these places. In Povorotnoye there is an obelisk on the mass grave of partisans and civilians who died in 1941–42, at the foot of Mount Berlyuk - the Mound of Glory, and at its top - a monument.
The Crimean rivers are not very long and full of water, but they play a huge role in the life of the peninsula. Among them there are both champions and loyal laborers who regularly feed the land and people with drinking resources. The Biyuk-Karasu River in Crimea can be classified into both categories. It belongs to the longest and is important for irrigation.
Where is the Biyuk-Karasu river on the map?
The map of Crimea shows that the river flows mostly in two regions - Nizhnegorsk and Belogorsk, partly flows along the northwestern outskirts of the Soviet. The sources are located a little to the south of the village of Karasevka, and it flows into the Salgir River (the village of Novoivanovka). On the river banks, in addition to those already mentioned, there are such settlements: Belaya Skala, Vishnevoe and Melniki, Zybiny and Zhemchuzhina, Sadovoe and Zhelyabovka, Demyanovka and Uvarovka.
Spring in the mountains of Crimea: the meaning of the name and history
The sources of Biyuk-Karasu are located on the slopes. It is fed by both karst springs and rains and melted snows. The largest spring feeding the reservoir is called. It is considered to be the most powerful karst source of Crimea and flows from the grotto with the eloquent name Su-Uchkhan-Koba, which is translated as "the cave of flying water."
The length of the river is 86 km, which is quite a lot for the Crimea (4th place). But where Biyuk-Karasu flows - the absolute leader in this indicator, a powerful inflow plays a significant role in this leadership. The current - now fairly calm - has not always been this way. There is information that in the 17th century the river flood had catastrophic consequences.
Black water
More precisely - "big black water". This is the most widespread translation of Biyuk-Karasu. “Black” Tatars have a habit of calling any water of “dark”, underground origin, and the river owes its existence to springs. There is also a version that it was named as such out of spite for the damage caused by the already mentioned flood of the 17th century. Another explanation connects the name to the dark silt that covers the bottom. He speaks for all to see when the river grows shallow in the summer heat.
But in Crimea it rarely happens that a geographical object has only one name. Biyuk-Karasu is no exception, one more toponym belongs to it - Bolshaya Karasevka. Search for complex explanations here unnecessarily. Yes, there were a lot of fish in it earlier, but it's not about crucians. It's just that the Russian-speaking population did not understand the meaning of the Tatar name and came up with their own, consonant. So "Karasu" became "Karasevka". And it is Big because the population is aware of significant - in terms of Taurida - size.
The Su-Uchkhan-Koba cave is called by folklore the haven of the medieval robber Dlim, the Crimean analogue of Robin Hood. In this case, it also does not do without "dark" forces and all mysticism, therefore, the name of the river acquires another explanation.
Destroyed dams
Old-timers say that a couple of decades ago Biyuk-Karasu never dried out completely, it was less shallow, and there were more fish in it. At the same time, there was enough life-giving moisture to irrigate numerous gardens, 
which after the collapse of the collective farms became much less.
Nowadays, plants and animals are few in number. Experts in the Crimean conditions explain this by poverty and unreasonable management. Previously, streams were blocked by dams in several places. It turned out to be ponds with a slow current. Paradoxically, these backwaters reduced the amount of silt settling on the bottom - there was no active erosion of the banks. Fish fauna willingly settled in the ponds. The depth could exceed 2 m. On the coast of the creeks, reeds grew, where birds lived. Large old trees grew along the river.
But then some of the local residents during a flood after a particularly snowy one found their basements and cellars flooded. Instead of taking private measures, global measures were taken - the dams on the river were taken and destroyed without thinking about the consequences. The current became faster, and began to wash away the coastal edges. The fish are now also smaller. The nearby reeds were mercilessly burned for the convenience of grazing. Trees were cut for firewood.
As a result, the amount of water resources in the river has significantly decreased. In any case, this is the interpretation given to the problem by ecologists. They warned of possible consequences unreasonable management, but they were not listened to.
Sadovaya river: fishing, rest, walk along the valley
But Biyuk-Karasu still has enough deep river... Even in dry years, it does not dry out completely. Its waters are fed by two reservoirs - and, used for irrigation and drinking. In 2014, it helped out several regions of Crimea - its flow was partially diverted to, the supply of water resources to which was suspended.
There are not many gardens in the river valley, but they are: in the spring you can admire the lush color. 
In general, the spring period will best time for a visit to the river, since in the summer it becomes significantly shallow. In many places it is not difficult to find a ford or even jump to the other side.
Biyuk-Karasu is not wide, it is difficult to ride a boat on it. But there are still fish corners, mainly in the pools. It is better for the fisherman to get a friend among the local colleagues so that he can show the ideal sites. Otherwise, finding them can be problematic. Fishermen complain that the fish is now shredded, but they still sit on the river with fishing rods.
As testimonials testify, chub, perch, greenback, roach, rudd, savage are found in the river. He takes this whole thing on a worm, you can also try to catch a predator with wobblers or a spoon. This is especially true for pike, which is small - 200-300 grams. - the size is sometimes on the hook.
In the river valley there is a national level natural monument -. Traveling to this natural attraction is in great demand, tourists come here not only to admire the fantastic landscapes that open from the height of the observation deck, but also to learn exciting legends that the locals will gladly tell.
How to get there (get there)?
So, getting to the stream of the river is not difficult. To get to the lower reaches, for example, to Zhelyabovka, you can take any bus route that goes through Belogorsk from to Nizhnegorsky, Uvarovka, etc.
If you plan to get to the upper reaches, to Karasevka, then from Belogorsk by car you will have to go the following way:
Tourist notes
- Address: Crimea, Russian Federation.
- GPS coordinates: 45.235038, 34.650599.
Full-flowing Salgir, water for Belogorsk and gardens, pleasure for fishermen - the Biyuk-Karasu river serves as a guarantee for this. Crimea is grateful to her for this. Perhaps, on its banks will no longer make hasty economic decisions. In conclusion, watch a video report about off its coast.
With the rock of the same name. It rises more than a hundred meters above the plain.
It is surprisingly easy to visit it, and it is imperative to do it, as it is fraught with many interesting things.
From a large intersection in Belogorsk, on the road to the village. Nizhnegorsky, you have to drive about 5 km.
to the village of Belaya Skala. If the car allows, you can turn right and, after driving through a rural street
We have an open stone chronicle for geologists, paleontologists and archaeologists. Admire this
"layer cake" of limestones of different strength. The processes of destruction of rocks ( denudation, erosion)
unforgiving, but limestones made up of various marine organisms lend themselves to them in different ways.
The main building material of limestone was the smallest unicellular creatures - .
But if you are lucky, you can see fossils of more complex marine animals on Ak-Kai.
For example, an ancient sea urchin.
And once in a quarry, during the extraction of a stone, even the skeleton of an 8-meter whale was found.
There is also a world-famous monument of archeology - where scientists open
more than 20 long-term sites of Neanderthals. Beams that lived in the grottoes 100-40 thousand years ago,
our ancestors left science about 5 thousand silicon tools.
Much later, about 2 thousand years ago, a Scythian settlement arose at the foot of Ak-Kai,
excavated now by archaeologists.
But that's not all the charm of the mountain. In the north-western, gently sloping part of the massif there is a grandiose grotto.
In the depths of the grotto there is a man-made reservoir where water flows from the walls.
The inhabitants of the grotto - blackbird and
rustic killer whale strictly monitor guests, whether people will harm their home.
They decided to climb the yayla along a new road for themselves, from the northeastern spurs,
through canyon of the Bai-Su river and the abandoned village of the same name. Search for ruins village Bai-Su
turned out to be difficult. The simplest obstacle is a fallen tree.
Finally we got there. The canyon is dry, only the baths are filled with water.
And here are the traces of the village of Bai-Su. Remains of foundations in a deep forest.
Barely functioning spring in the hole, that's all.
The history of this settlement is interesting. It disappears on the map of Crimea in 1778, when
the Russian leadership decides to resettle the Christian population (Greeks, Armenians, etc.)
from Taurida to the northern Azov coast. More than 30 thousand people, under the leadership of A.V. Suvorov
left their habitable places. 4 years before this event, after a series of military victories, Russia and
The Ottoman Empire signed the Kuchuk-Kainardzhi peace treaty, according to which Turkey left Crimea,
and the vassal Crimean Khanate gained independence.
In most historical sources, resettlement is explained by the desire of Russia economically
bleed Crimea, because it was the Christians who were artisans, winegrowers and gardeners.
And then take him under the crown of the empire. However, some historians interpret these events more deeply.
The fate of Tavrida had already been decided, only five years remained before its annexation to Russia.
It would seem, why take out your fellow believers, your support? And here comes a secret intent.
After all, before the capture of Crimea Ottoman Empire in 1475 the indigenous Christian population had a historical statehood here. It could well have been such a turn of events - thanks brothers Slavs
for liberation, let's restore the status quo. But this was not included in the plans of Catherine II and Prince Potemkin.
The ascent to the yayla turned out to be quite steep, along large bare stones. But we are still at the top.
In the background Ak-Kai, in the foreground kabarga ridge.
On Karabi, by tradition, we visit at least one of the many caves here.
Today it Karani (Turkic gloomy, dark).
The cave is easily accessible and unpretentious, but the hall is striking in its size, it is quite possible to arrange a volleyball court.
Finding the caves on the Karabi plateau is not so easy, even with their coordinates and GPS in hand.
I had to walk, but how great this time of year, knee-deep in grass and flowers,
washed by spring rains.
The spring nicknamed by tourists "In mint", does not differ with a serious flow rate, but with a shortage of water in Karabi
and he is for happiness.
The watering hole is always lively - a mass congestion bluebirds,
speckled held in pairs.
At the southeastern end of the yayla. FROM pass Big Gate steep road leads to the sea.
From here, a magnificent view of the east coast, all the way to
The very south of the Karabian plateau, below us chigenitra gorge... In ancient times, there was a path along it from the coast
to the north, to the foothill and steppe Crimea.
The cliffs are inaccessible here.
In the middle plane mount Lycon - a renegade of the Karabi Yayla. In Greek - "wolf place".
In ancient times, the wolf was a fairly common beast in our mountains.
No matter how our route runs through Karabi, drink some water and wash from shepherd-Chokrak well we should.
This is how it is called on maps, but we prefer to call it "Hispanic".
Why, take a look at the reportage in the diary.
From the southwestern part of Karabi, our path is straight along the meridian to the north. 10 kilometers of the way and we are at
a half-abandoned military object - an antenna field, it can be seen from afar.
Near the monument, here during the Second World War was Large partisan airfield,
where planes were received from the mainland.
Immediately, going down the path, on the cliff, we examined the archeological monument - Aji-Koba grotto.
Our ancestors lived here tens of thousands of years ago.
The species composition of fish is not numerous due to the low water levels of rivers, and some species live only in certain rivers. For example, the minnow and the endemic subspecies inhabit only Bolshaya Karasevka. The latter is also home to other endemics of Crimea: Salgirskiy vybets and river goby. The endemic Crimean barbel and about ten other species of common fish are found in Karasevka.
What was thirty years ago is no longer in Karasevka. The very endemics - species of animals or plants peculiar only to her - have disappeared somewhere. As, however, and other fish ...
As a child, exactly in the same years when the mentioned guide was published, I often came to Karasevka to catch a fish. Fish are different! - there were many, I did not return without a catch. Of course, the "krupnyak" was not my lot, but there were a lot of little things, especially those same bull-calves.
And, of course, crucian carp ... I think it was because of the abundance of this tasty and tenacious fish that the Russian settlers renamed the Biyuk-Karasu river. And not because of the toponymic tracing paper from the Turkic "Karasu" ( black water). In fact, in those years the water was quite transparent, we swam as children from May to September and no one got sick - neither colds, nor skin sores ... And there was depth. Especially around the so-called dams. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe villages of Uvarovka, Novoivanovka and Demyanovka, which is not far from Nizhnegorsk, there were three such dams. Now they are gone ...
Yuri Taganov was born on the banks of Bolshaya Karasevka. And for almost thirty years now, his life has been connected with this river. She poured into Yurkina's soul with her waters, established herself as fishing happiness, was imprinted in the memory of the events associated with her ... The current deputy of the village council Yuri Taganov, an amateur fisherman and patriot of his Karasevka, can tell a lot.
“The first impression of fishing: I am three or four years old, my father was fishing and gave me a line to throw,” recalls Yuri. - I threw, but caught on some floating branch and began to pull the line. I pull it out and see a large fish on the hook. It turned out to be a roach. Of course, it seemed to me gigantic ... ". At the same place, opposite his home, at the age of five, Yura was already catching carp. For the fact that he ran away without asking for fishing, he was punished for the first time ...
As a teenager, Taganov could spend the whole day on the river. If anyone was looking, they were looking on the river bank. Successful fishing fascinated the young man. “At the age of fourteen I just fell ill with crucian fishing! Small crucian carp was always full in the cage, large ones had to be hunted. On a specially prepared bait on our river, together with my father, I caught carps up to a kilogram! A little, really, but I have never seen such people in my life! "
And in 1991, Yura began to go for carp. In a pool near the school, he tried to catch this fish day after day. The carp kept breaking off, because the fisherman could not pull it out. At first I did not tell my father about this, but then I confessed. A few days later, he pulled a handsome carp weighing six and a half kilograms out of the gloomy depths with a special tackle - an elastic band!
I remembered Yuri Taganov and all types of fish that were found in Karasevka in different time (counting them to 15), and two types of crayfish, and many birds and aquatic mammalsattracted by the abundance of fish stocks. As a schoolboy, he studied ichthyology and behavior of local fish. I wrote several essays about local fishing, but on the table ... The fish became less and less ... They caught a lot of it with nonsense, ruined it with electric fishing rods in the wild 90s. But the main trouble came with the destruction of the dams.
First, a small dam in Novoivanovka, the lowest on the river, was torn down. Some "comrades" in the spring flood found water in their basements. Without thinking twice, they drove a tractor with a bucket, dug a couple of times near the dam - and the pressure of water, licking the remnants of the earthen embankment, rushed to Salgir. Then the water stream tore off the embankment on the Uvarovskaya dam. There was a bypass pipe there, through which the excess water left. But someone looked at it for scrap metal ... Then the Demyanovsk dam burst through, the topmost concrete-stone dam, which "was also helped to break through ...".
Mismanagement also played a role. “Some of the poplars here were three hundred years old,” says Taganov. - I know exactly where they grew up. The channel was deep, but not wide, the banks were completely covered with vegetation. Now all the more or less large trees have been cut down, since, they say, nobody's. " He conducted a kind of research and found that a hundred years ago Karasevka was deep, up to two or two and a half meters, a river and three to four meters wide. Such a channel in dumpy poplars, with pits, pools and clear water. And with fish ...
“Where six years ago the water was chest-deep, now it is knee-deep. The water flows quickly, like in a mountain stream. The baby does not get divorced, but large fish goes downstream, ”laments the avid fisherman, who has become both a hydrobiologist and a hydrologist against his will.
But Yuri decided to fight for the river, which he knew and loved from childhood. Became a deputy of the Uvarovsky village council. Having studied the issue, I calculated that the restoration of one dam will require more than 125 thousand hryvnia, and funds are also needed to clean the channel and dredge the reservoir. Plus planting on the banks of willows, willows, poplars. Of course, the village council has no money for all this. The deputy made inquiries both to the regional water management and to Simferopol. There is no money for the restoration of dams at Karasevka.
And in this regard, the deputy remembers something transcendent: “Just before the collapse of the dams, I was fishing at the island called Crocodile, near Novoivanovka. Suddenly, something huge white dives into the water from under the overhanging bushes on the opposite shore. I popped up right next to the floats, my eyes were red, it was already creepy. Looked closely - albino muskrat. But how healthy she is! She looked at me, lay on the surface - and into the depths. Then he sailed several more times in a boat to the same place, but did not meet the beast. I heard after - they killed the white muskrat. It seems to me that the spirit of the river was ... With her death, the river began to die. "
Alas, this is a pure memory of the past. “There is no river. There is no beauty ... "
Sergey Tkachenko, "
- the largest tributary of the Salgir, it flows into it near the Nizhnegorsk. Perhaps it was caused by the flood of 1631, which claimed the lives of several people.
Biyuk-Karasu - meaning, translation
Means the name Biyuk-Karasu - "big black river". “Kara” means black, “su” means river, and “biyuk” means big. The source is located at the foot of the Tas-Tau mountain in the Su-Uchkhan-Koba cave, near the village of Golovanovka.
There are other versions of the appearance of the name, for example, from the color of the river bottom. There is also an option that sounds like “ big river out of the ground ”, from where its source Karasu-Bashi (the largest karst spring in Crimea) originates.
On the way it flows through the Belogorsk and Taiganskoe reservoirs. There is a hydroelectric complex on the river near the village of Novoivanovka, which discharges excess water into the North Crimean Canal, providing water supply to cities eastern Crimea... Water from it is transferred to the Leninskoye, Feodosiyskoye and Station reservoirs.
There are also tributaries of Biyuk-Karasu. The most significant is Kuchuk-Karasu, where there are hard-to-reach ones. Other tributaries:
- Sary-Su;
- Tanu-Su.
The river has other names, for example, Bolshaya Karasevka.
The length is 86 kilometers. This is the second longest river on the peninsula.
According to legend, the famous Crimean robber Alim was hiding near the source of Biyuk-Karasu, after whom the grotto in the Kachin valley was named.
