How to overcome children's fears of psychologist's advice. Children's fears: species, reasons, ways to combat children's fear. Fear of darkness and nightmares

Fear is a normal human reaction for danger. Self-storage instinct helps to avoid deaths. But children have a little different situation. The instinct of self-preservation in them is laid by nature, but parents with improper upbringing can instill numerous unconscious fears. How to save a child from them? Read about it below.

The reasons

Any reason has its own consequence. And it needs to be understood. It makes no sense to eliminate the investigation. If the reason is not worked out, then all the efforts will disappear in vain. Before answering the question, how to save a child from fears, you need to understand the reasons. What are they?

Hyperopka. The child whose parents are constantly baked about the health of their children, does not know the true danger. He understands that the world is not as simple as it seems. The baby is transferred to the fears of parents. The child is experiencing that the world is dangerous and knowledge can lead to a catastrophe. Children's psyche is vulnerable, and a hyperemp can play a joke with her, making a child clamped and compacted.
Lack of activity. The consequence of the hyperophecks of parents is the constant finding a child in a house or apartment. The kid will normally develop only if adults will give the opportunity to move more. Know the world to the child need yourself. Falling once, the kid no longer climbs on a tree. And the ban to climb a tree can be fraught with disobedience. Misunderstanding causes and investigations will make a child underdeveloped.
Insufficient attention. Parents must pay a lot of time to develop their children. Stupid to put prohibitions without arguing them. The child must understand that he can not do and why. If parents are not engaged in the education of Chad, and this process will trust this process, the result will be deplorable.
Psychologically tense family situation. A child who is constantly in stress because of the bad relationship of adults will live in eternal fear. Kids perceive the world a little different than adults. The child considers himself the center of the Universe. And if dad and mom swear, then the child thinks that the quarrel happened precisely because of him.

Views

Fears are different. Some of them are quite substantiated, while others are a consequence of a rapid imagination. How to save a child from fears? It should be sorted out overlooking the kid's fears.

Radered fears. The child whom the dog bites, for obvious reasons will be afraid of this type of animals. If the baby is lost in the market or on the square, it can be confused and survive a strong stress. Subsequently, such a child will be afraid of crowded places. Such fears need to work out to help the baby normally develop.
Unreasonable fears. Not always parents can explain the reason why a child is experiencing antipathy to certain things. For example, a new jumpsuit that Mom bought, having spent most of his salary, the baby can refuse to wear. To explain the cause of your dislike the child can not. The same can occur with some toys, to which the child will be afraid to approach.
Ultra-worthless fears. Developed fantasy can play with a child with a dick joke. Many children are afraid to fall asleep in the dark, since they will seem to be that the room is filled with ghosts. A similar reaction to the dark room occurs in cases where parents scare greatly a child with the arrival of babai or other fabulous characters.

Trust talk

Children's psyche is well sustained. How to save a child from fears? One of the effective ways is a frank conversation. Parents must communicate more with their chad. Only so you can penetrate the inner world of the child. If the parents and the baby have a trusting relationship, then the baby will be happy to share with adults that it scares it. The child considers the parents by almighty. It is not surprising that the child will think that Mom will be able to cope with all the problems. A similar mood will greatly facilitate the process of what would be their reason. Namely, it is necessary to learn in the conversation process. In no case can not laugh at the fear of the child. Otherwise, the baby closes in himself and no longer opens. Seriously perceive what child says.

Trust but verify

If the baby tells that he saw a monster under the bed, tell him that would help you harde the evil creature. How to save a child from fears and anxiety? Act by conviction. Before you go to bed, examine all the space under the bed and prove the baby that there is nothing there. If the child will insist that the monster comes only in the dark, turn off the light and repeat the same procedure by examining a lantern room. After that, put a child in bed and tell me that there is nothing to fear.

Soft suggestion

Having chosen the correct technique, it is very easy to save a child from fears. The Council, how to save the baby from unnecessary experiences, will be like this: gently inspire the child that fear that time from time to time is in the soul, you can just lock or send to the North Pole. For example, the kid is afraid of ghosts. Talk to the child and find out what cartoons he saw such creatures. Ask the kid to present the ghost as much as possible, and then let the child depict the North Pole in his imagination. Icebergs, eternal Merzlot and white snow, and on the background of this picture - an image of nightmares. Tell your child that in such conditions will not be able to survive any creature, nor living nor mythical. Therefore, the ghost of fears should freeze and turn into a block of ice. Explain the baby that fear of frozen, now it is no longer. Such games work well with those children who are endowed with a rich imagination.

Draw fear

To get rid of the problem, psychologists advise her to describe. In the case of the child, you can upgrade this system. Ask the kid to draw your fear. We will analyze this technique on the example. How to save a child from fear of darkness? By itself, the night is not terrible. Children scare creatures that fill the dark space. The child must draw his fear on the leaves. It can be a monster who lives under the bed or Baba Yaga, which comes at night behind the naughty children. When the image has fallen, you need to draw another picture with the child. Kids need to portray a beautiful night with a starry sky. Well, if the drawing is based on real events. For example, on a family trip to the forest. Night, bonfire, tents and trees. From such a picture itifies warmth and tranquility. When the child realizes that the night is not as terrible, as it seemed to him, one more drawing should be drawn, but this time is not one room, but the whole house. Let the kid depicts himself sleeping on the bed, parents, peacefully dormant in the next room, and a cat that protects the family's sleep. Hang a picture in the baby's room and show her baby every day before bedtime.

Burn fear

The previous method can be slightly upgraded. How to save a child from fears? Tips of the psychologist will be such. After the baby depicted his fear, it must be burned. Make a ritual burner drawing with the whole family. Tell me that the monster who lived under the bed is now burning, and will no longer appear. This fact must confirm all adults. Trust the baby matches, and let him personally set into the paper sheet. The ritual will be perceived by a child seriously.

This technique can be used to eliminate any fear. For example, parents who do not know how to save a child from fear of thunderstorms, should ask for a child to make a drawing, and then burn it. Do not disregard any fear of your baby, do not treat them dismissively, otherwise, fears can grow into phobias.

Do not worry yourself

Most fears for children inspire their parents. If your child is afraid of something, think about whether you inspired the fear of the baby. How to save a child from fear of insects? Mom, which relates to disregard for insect, will inspire the baby that it is not worth talling these nasty bugs, they will be able to bite. The child trusts her mother, so it will try to bypass any insects, which will be used at home or on the street. In this situation, the mother of the child needs to reconsider their own position, relative to the beetles, spiders, etc. If the woman treats everything calmer, then the fear of the child will weaken and completely disappear over time.

Desensitization method

It is difficult to eliminate those fears that have a real basis. How to save a child from fear of dogs? The desensitization method should be applied. It is better to conduct a similar procedure with a qualified psychologist, but if it is not possible to record a child for reception to a specialist, you can spend a similar game at home. The essence of therapy is to create a situation that causes fear. The child whom the dog was bitten, will be terribly afraid of four-legged friends of man. Let someone from relatives, for example, dad depicting a dog. Mom, together with the child, should lose the normal situation of behavior. For example, passing by the dog, without reacted by it or stroking an animal that is suitable with friendly intentions. The baby should be explained that the dogs themselves are not terrible, if he does not hurt them, then no animal will attack the child for no reason.

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When your child suffers from what is afraid of ghosts, monsters or something else, evil and terrible, you are able to help him cope with these fears. Show an understanding, listen carefully and try to take advantage of our advice so that your baby overcomes your fear with your help.

Steps

Understand what baby is afraid

Take fears of seriously

Do not laugh at children's fears. Mockery will not get rid of the child from fear; They will only strengthen the alarm and, at the same time, will reduce his self-esteem. This may aggravate the problem and lead to the development of phobia (more severe fear). The child is able to overcome his fear with the help of your love and care. Neglecting, on the contrary, only develops negative feelings in it.

Find the right words. Do not tell the child "stop crying like a little", "there is nothing to be afraid of", "see, and your friend is not afraid" and the like things. It will convince him that they fear are bad and shame, and he will stop sharing his fear with you. Tell your child that everything is sometimes afraid of something. Explain to him that shares are fine, as well as asking for help.

Help your child overcome fear

Do not make the child do what he is afraid. Forcing can only strengthen fear. Think, how would you feel if you were forced to take a cockroach or jump with a "tarzan". Give the child to get used to and overcome fear. Support it with all possible care and love.

Be a sample of brave behavior. The child will always repeat your actions. If you come to horror or be angry, most likely, the child will be reacting the same way. He is confident: what is safe for you is safe for him; If you are calm, then he can calm down. Do not frighten your child every time he is trying to do something potentially dangerous, which can harm him. Instead, calmly help him and explain what you can do and what is impossible, and most importantly, why.

Do not show the children of terrible characters. Small child Does not see the difference between reality and fiction. Children are often frightened by fantastic characters who see on TV. Do not turn on scary movies and programs. In addition, help the child to understand the difference between fantasy and reality, telling him by a simple language, how to shoot movies and make cartoons.

Offer the child to go along with him around the house or room that causes him fear. Open all the doors, look under the bed; Turn the light and enclose in dark corners with a flashlight to show that there is nothing there. If your child scares sounds or shadows, talk about what can actually be their reason, but do not laugh and do not criticize.

Use against fear humor. Ask a child to describe the monster, which he represents. Add to this image of ridiculous parts, such as checkered tunches or a stupid hat. Naughntazize that, perhaps, the monster came to the bathroom, because he really wanted to the toilet, or that he is not really angry, and sad, because he has no friends. Turn on the child into the game, emboss it or call sympathy. So the image of the monster will become less terrible or even cute.

Fill the bottle with water sprayer by adding a lavender or other aromatic oil (if the child has no allergies). Stick a large label with the inscription "Means from Monsters" and tell the child that no monster is suitable for him now, because they, firstly, are afraid of water, and secondly, the fragrance will make them sneeze. Make a few spraying into the air and wrap the child that only a very stupid monster would be dared now to enter.
Put the floor next to the floor and put several candies into it. Tell your child that monsters love candy more than anything else, but they become affectionate and fluffy, like puppies.
Take the tangle of the thread and turn them along the floor around a crib, creating a "barrier for monsters". Tell your child that no monster can overcome this barrier, and if it tries, then Batz! - And will disappear, as in magic.

Do everything to feel your loved one. Let him know that you are always there to protect him.

Warm milk in a special cup will help for the night. For taste, you can add a tea bag that does not contain caffeine - for example, Vanilla Roibush.
You can add a little lavender into a water bottle (again, if the child does not suffer from allergies). Spray it into the air and tell the child that it will help you run everything bad. Lavender has a soothing effect and will help the child to sleep peacefully. In addition, the actual action that you will reassure it.
There are many books and films about friendly ghosts and monsters.
If the child goes to bed, sit next to him, until he falls asleep.
Read or look along with the child something unstassed so that he imagines more pretty creatures that could visit it at night.
Be very careful, choosing movies for viewing with a child, especially those on which the recommendation is only accompanied by parents. If such a mark is there, read why it is affixed. If there are terrible scenes in the film, do not let the impressionable child look until he becomes older. Look in the Internet from other parents.

Fears are a feeling of anxiety or anxiety, which arises in response to a real or imaginary threat to life or well-being.
Children have such fears, as a rule, are the result of the psychological impact of adults (most often parents), or self-adversity. The appearance of such a problem with a child - the reason to think about parents. It is not necessary to leave it without attention, because neurotic manifestations in adults often have a consequence of non-resolved children's fears.

Causes of children's insurance

The reasons for which children's fears arise can be distinguished by several:

Psychotracting situation and fear of her repetition (bee bite, for example);
- Overly frequent reminder by the child by parents about the emergence of possible unpleasant situations;
- accompaniment of any independent actions of the child with an emotionally painted warning about hazardous on the path;
- frequent prohibitions;
- conversations in the presence of children about various negative phenomena (deaths, murders, fires);
- conflicts in the family, especially if the source involuntarily is the child himself;
- Disagreements with peers, rejection of the child;
- conscious intimidation of the child from parents with fabulous characters (Baba Yaga, Leshe, Water), to achieve obedience.

These are the so-called age fears that appear in emotional and sensitive children.

Quite often, fears are manifestation of diseases of the nervous system - neurosis.

There are also indirect causes (prerequisites) that create conditions for the development of children's fears. So, the wrong behavior of the mother, which takes on the role of the head of the family, causes an anxiety from a child. It does not affect the child's desire to go to work after maternity leave, while the child feels an acute shortage in close communication with it.

Children from incomplete families are more susceptible to fear, as well as the only children in the family who become the center of worries and alarms of the parents. The age of parents also provides their influence - the older parents, the more prone their children to the development of anxiety and anxiety. It affects the emergence of fears in children and moved by mom during pregnancy stress or conflict situation in her family during the battery period.

The presence of certain children's fears directly depends on the age of the child.

Fears in children of different ages

In the children of the first year of life, the most typical fears are associated with the distance of the child from the mother. The child can also be afraid of other people and a new situation.
Until three-year-old, children are most often afraid of darkness. Often there is a fear of staying one and night fears.

After three years, the fear of darkness is still preserved, but also new experiences arise - now the child is afraid to be in a closed space, afraid fabulous heroes And loneliness (in understanding "to be nobody").

When the child turns 5 years old, he begins to be afraid of a fire, depths, terrible dreams, death, animals. There may be fear of parents loss, and at the same time fear of being punished. Often the child is experiencing fear of late and before infection of some disease.

From seven years when starting school years, Different fears associated with learning - fear make a mistake, get a bad assessment, not to justify adult expectations.

From 10 -11 and up to 16 years old baby experiences fear of changing its appearance and various fears of interpersonal origin.

It makes sense to stop at the main types of fears in children.

Stah loneliness

Almost everyone from childhood is familiar to stay at home alone. It is caused by the child a feeling of unnecessarily, defenselessness, insufficient love of parents who left him one. In this case, you need to convince the kid that the house is a safe place, and although you have to leave, you still love your boy or a girl very much. Agree about the time when you should expect your return, and be sure to come from time to time. Although, most likely, completely this fear will disappear only when the child is growing up.

Dark fear

Frequently found fear is the fear of darkness. It happens that they are provoked by adults or someone from friends, popping out of darkness and shouting with a terrible voice "U-U-y!" Or telling that some leads fly in the dark. Sometimes getting rid of it helps a kind of "hardening" with darkness (gradual increase in the time of staying in the dark room, or even the seat in it with a flashlight, showing that there is nothing there, there is nothing there). But it is better not to torment the child and include the light to him, giving the opportunity to see that nothing has changed and calmly wait for the baby to grow up.

Fear of death

The fear of death at the child most adversely affects the psyche, so never tell him phrases like: "If you do not listen to me, I can get sick and die." Try to protect it from visiting the funeral at least up to 10 years. However, periodically mention with it about the dead relatives, it comes to understanding that after death, a person continues to live, no matter where - in conversations, in the hearts of people, but it does not disappear. If it does not help, it is better to contact a specialist.

How to get rid of fears

It must be said that if the child is developing correctly and healthy, then by the age of 16 of all sorts of fears, he should disappear. However, the loss is the belief that the child never should experience anxious feelings. With increasing cognitive activity A growing organism, to avoid their appearance is simply impossible, and maybe not needed. But everything is good in moderation, so if the fears hinder the child to live qualitatively and happily, you need to fight with them.

What if the fears of your child arise very often and loosened it without that weak nervous system.

First of all, remember what it is impossible to do in any way:

1. To punish the child for his fears.
2. Mock over him, trying to catch it in pretending or stupidity.
3. Do not try to force the kid to this fear forcibly (to force him to stroke the dog, which he is also afraid of).
4. Do not allow uncontrollably watch horror films or read books or magazines with terrible plots.

What parents can help the child:

1. Listen carefully and understand the feelings of the baby, because For any fear, it seems to be a real danger of his life. At the same time, the child will spill its emotions, weaken them, and you will make up a complete picture of the reasons and the picture of his experiences. However, it is impossible to openly insist that the child told the cause of his fears, as the problem will exacerbate even more and consolidate. You can speak directly in the event that he manifests the initiative himself. Otherwise, you need to carefully observe and ask leading questions.
2. To assure you that you love it very much, and if such a need arises, then be sure to protect.
3. Find the child additional defenders in the face of toy figures, flashlight, blankets.
4. Dispel the fantasy to the baby with reality, finding simple explanations to terrible, in his opinion, subjects and phenomena.
5. Share that if you adhere to certain rules, everything will be fine.
6. Together to read stories and watch the cartoons in which at first scary monstersAnd at the end they turn out to be just a fantasy (for example, a cartoon about the crumb of raccoon, which was afraid of his own reflection in the river).
7. Show the child as you can "pour" fears on paper and spend the "ritual" of their destruction.

If you can't deal with fear of the child, do not tighten, contact a psychotherapist. Fears of before school agewho do not leave after 10 years, serve as a predisposing factor in the development of heavy neurosis, as well as drug addiction and alcoholism in the future.

Signs of pathological (neurotic fears):

The appearance of an unusually strong fear, the inconsistency of the severity of fear of force who caused his situation.
- The inconsistency of fear and the situation that led to its occurrence.
- The protracted flow of fear, leading to a pronounced violation of the general condition (sleep, appetite).
- Characteristic behavioraimed at avoiding a situation that causes fear.

Prevention of fears in children

Remember, the period of pregnancy is the most inappropriate time to clarify the relationship. It is undesirable during this period to take exams, defend theses thesis work. Choose a gold middle of a child in the upbringing of a child, do not exacerbate, but also do not oppress it. Promote the child more walked, ran, something master, more often invite his friends to his house. Do not frighten too often "Baba", a stranger uncle, a policeman, wolves. Select more time for joint creativity (modeling, drawing, cutting and gluing). Play your family. Love your child as it is. In general, be him a good friend and a good mentor.

Doctor Pediatrician Others S.V.

Fears cause a deterioration in the work of the brain centers, reducing attention, negatively affect social adaptation and destroy the unidentified children's psyche. They can manifest themselves in neurotic reactions (flashes of aggression, plasticity, hyperactivity and other violations of behavior) and psychosomatic diseases (psychogenic enuresis, asthma, stuttering, allergies). If children's fears are not to eliminate in a timely manner, they can develop into sustainable anxious-phobic disorders and stay for life.

Causes of children's fears

Many children's fears are universal in nature, due to the genetic memory of the dangers that previously waited an ancient person everywhere. They are not a deviation in the psyche and over time pass on themselves.

You can trace how children's imagination generates fears, moving along the predictable trajectory of human development. Seven-month kids express anxiety in the absence of a mother or other person caring for them. Eight-monthly fear of strangers, which means potentially hostile to them tuned, people. As a rule, by two years this alarming reaction to strangers passes. Only fear of sharp sounds and impending large objects remains with a person for life.

At the age of two years, heights, loneliness appears. A fear of animals and moving transport can be formed.

In 3-5 years, the fear of water, darkness, closed premises develops. Anxiety may arise in response to the expectation of nightmares. Many children begin to be afraid of negative fabulous characters and imaginary monsters. The emergence of such fears is associated not only with a rich child's imagination, but also with the fear of punishment. With a predominantly strict, authoritarian style of education, the likelihood of such fears is strengthened. Antipode of good and gentle moms and dads become the images of a witch, wolf and the like characters. Negative characters serve as a means to displacing everything unwanted, which is present in the behavior of the parents.

At the six-year-old age becomes leading (for their parents). It is not always manifested directly, more often indirectly - in the form of fear of war, diseases, attacks, fires, floods, earthquakes as a likely threat of life. The fear of explanation to the child of death is aggravated as a state when a person falls asleep and no longer wakes up. The kid can start to be afraid to go to bed.

When school age achieved, old fears are usually weakening, but new, social: fear of being late, get a bad assessment, that is, to undergo disapproval by adults. They are also associated with the instinct of self-preservation, but are provoked by the awareness of their dependence on the environment. Here, parents and teachers are important not to rearrange, putting such a number of conventions and prohibitions on a small little man that he will be afraid of every failure and any innocent violation of the rules. In adolescence, social fears continue to prevail, but there are fears not to meet the requirements of peers.

Also, the development of phobia can provoke:

a specific event that has frightened it strongly (the water was heard in the pool, a relative fell ill, fell ill);
too emotional warnings about danger and panic reactions from adults;
in-family conflicts, the culprit of whom the child often feels like.

Sometimes complaints about a variety of fears from the child are an attempt to manipulate their parents to achieve missing attention from them, caress.

Work with anxious child

There are a lot of proven ways, how to save a child from fears:

playback;
fairy-therapy;
art therapy;
receiving medicines;
muscular relaxation.

You can seek help from a specialist, for example, to a hypnologist psychologist Baturina Nikita Valerevichu , Or learn the techniques yourself and work with the child yourself.

How to help your child overcome fear and anxiety method of muscle relaxation?

Use the following exercises.

"Fight". Helps relax the muscles of the face and hands, remove excessive aggression. You need to offer the baby game. He quarreled with a friend and preparing for a fight: took a fighting pose, squeezed his handles in the cams, she threw his breath. And then thought: "And can fight with best friend - bad idea?" - Split fists, exhaled and relaxed.
"Barbell". Helps remove tension from back muscles. Game in weightlifting athletes with raising an imaginary bar.
"Dancing hands." Rising mood and released depressed feelings game. Large sheets of white paper are put on the floor and choose the taste of a child chalk. The baby falls on his back so that his hands are on paper. Music and crumb turns on with hands in tact with music, leaving colored tracks on sheets.

Try games to make a body contact ("Drawing on the back", "Drozda", "Hands are dancing"), massage or just rubbing the body. Another way to remove the nervous tension, which will like the baby - paint face paints. You can use my mother's cosmetics.

How to help your child cope with fears with the help of talentherapy?

Come up with the story describing the subject of the child's fear, and write a happy end. You can even play a whole performance using baby toys. Having identified himself with the hero of a fairy tale, which is first afraid, but then courageously copes with the villains and monsters, the child acquires confidence in his abilities.

Games in the fight against childish fears

The game is a leading psychotherapeutic method in working with preschool children. Role-playing games Associate activity and initiative in the child helps to acquire communication skills, contribute to the development of independence and ability to control emotions.

If the kid is afraid of medical personnel, play the hospital. Be sure to give him the opportunity to be in the role of a doctor. If a child has the fear of the dark - play bold scouts. At some point, the crumb should get the task to go to intelligence in a darkened room and find a hidden toy there. After the mission is fulfilled, the brave is issued a medal for courage.

Art therapy in correction of children's fears

Since the figurative thinking is leading in preschool age, the baby is much more easier to depict your fear on paper than to describe it verbally. Specifying fear in the form of a picture helps to get rid of uncertainty and give out our negative feelings.

Art therapy makes it possible to painfully in touch with frightening images and simulate the way out of the current situation. You can offer a child to choose from:

destroy "evil" (squeeze, break, burn pattern);
take a protective object;
add funny details, giving a monster funny and ridiculous look;
tame the object, for example, to give the monster of the flower and make him smile, feed the dog of the sausage;
draw a nearby.

How to remove fear of a child with medicines?

Pharmacological treatment of fears in children has a secondary meaning. Baby can be prescribed nootropics (peylon, phenibut) - substances that contribute to the strengthening of the nervous system and increase mental and physical endurance at high loads at school. Tranquilizers (atrastrus, phenazepam) are often prescribed to calm hyperactive children. But they only remove physical symptoms, but do not cope with the fear themselves.

Even before receiving nootropic drugs that are sold without a recipe, it is better to first consult with a psychiatrist. It will select the appropriate means and the correct dosage.

How to help your child get rid of fears with hypnosis

Elimination of children's fears takes time and patience from parents. With a modern lifestyle, it is not always possible to give a sufficient amount of attention to the baby to completely dispel his fears. In modern psychotherapy there are methods that help to quickly get rid of anxiety and phobias both adults and children. This is hypnotherapy. Total 5 sessions with a specialist, and nervous tension and fear go.

From how correctly parents react to a child's complaints, his mental health depends. It is impossible to treat fruitlessly to children's fears, whatever they seem to do. It is important that the baby felt that he was understood. In no case do not scold and get a child for cowardice.

Anxious expectations can be dispelled by a calm analysis of the object of fear, the expression of solid confidence in certainty the events, an authoritative statement of complete safety of the child. Explain the baby to the cause of his fear.

For example, in the dark it is difficult to distinguish between even well-known items. Therefore, they seem to others and threatening. You can go through all things in the room and remember their location. Or alternately stew and light the light to demonstrate the baby that items remain in the same places unchanged. If the child began a panic, try to distract his attention to the conversation, observation for something, the game.

Respect the growing need of a kid in independence. Pronounce "no" only in the most extreme cases. If a child thinks he knows a lot and knows, he feels much more confident. More often for kid joint games with peers. It is in group games that the necessary communication skills, self-defense, adequate response to failure are purchased.

Keep in mind that very small children are not yet able to control their behavior because of age, therefore verbal beliefs may be ineffective. In this case, working with fear is better through the game, drawing, told special fairy tales. Do not overload the child with information that does not correspond to its age. Exclude movies and reading books with scenes of violence, especially at night.