Diarrhea in HIV infected. Diarrhea with HIV infection (diarrhea with AIDS), what and when does it start? Prevention and diet for diarrhea in HIV infection

What is this disease?

The human immunodeficiency virus is viral disease, which very slowly and gradually destroys the body's immune system. As a result, it weakens so much that it cannot defend itself against secondary infections and tumor diseases.

In the later stages, the patient manifests poorly treatable fungal, bacterial, viral and oncological diseases. This condition is called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

The virus originally appeared in West Africa, but it has now spread across the planet. Information about the structure, transmission routes and vital activity of the virus did not help to create drugs that completely cure the disease, so the number of people infected with HIV and AIDS is growing every year in the world.

Causes of diseases of the small and large intestine in HIV infection and AIDS

The most common causes of diarrhea in HIV-infected people are bacteria that cause common intestinal infections (eg, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Clostridium difficile).

Most often, it is caused by taking medications, antibiotics. Diarrhea can last from several weeks to several months. This is affected by the duration of the use of certain drugs. Sometimes diarrhea with HIV infection cannot be eliminated, and it can continue for the entire period of treatment of the underlying disease with drugs.

Possible routes of infection

HIV infection can be transmitted:

• during unprotected intercourse;
• when using other people's syringes and needles;
• when transfusing infected blood;
• from an infected mother to a child during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding;
• upon contact of blood or scratched human mucosa with blood, semen, breast milk and other biological secretions of the patient;
• when using improperly sterilized piercing and tattoo instruments;
• when using someone else's toothbrush, razor with minimal blood.

It is believed that HIV is not transmitted through sweat, saliva, tears, urine and feces. This is due to the fact that you can become infected when a minimal dose of the virus enters the blood and damaged mucous membranes. For example, a drop of blood placed on the end of a sewing needle is enough to infect HIV. The same amount of virus is contained in 4 liters of saliva, and it is too difficult to consume such a volume.

Symptoms and signs of diseases of the small and large intestine in HIV infection and AIDS

Anamnesis. Inflammation of the lining of the small intestine (enteritis) is manifested by profuse watery diarrhea that leads to dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and malabsorption. The pain in the abdomen is cramping and is usually localized in the umbilical region.

With inflammation of the colon mucosa (colitis), stools are frequent, in small portions, often mixed with mucus, blood and pus. Characterized by tenesmus, imperative urge and pain in the rectum. Abdominal pain is usually not cramping and is localized in the lower abdomen.

How to recognize HIV in the early stages

HIV does not appear immediately, it can “doze” in the body for a long time or develop very imperceptibly. The incubation period depends on the strength of the human immune system, it can range from a few weeks to 10 years. In some patients, HIV leads to the development of AIDS after 10-12 years if left untreated.

Clinical manifestations of HIV infection are divided into several stages. The first stage of the disease occurs at least 2-6 weeks after infection with HIV. This period is characterized by the following features:

1. Some enlargement of the lymph nodes in the neck, in armpits and in the groin. Swollen lymph nodes are firm and painless.
2. Sore throat and swollen tonsils.
3. Chills and elevated body temperature (37.5-38 0 C).
4. Diarrhea.
5. Spotted rash, as in rubella (occurs in half of the cases).
6. Rare cases of meningitis and meningoencephalitis.

Diagnosis of diseases of the small and large intestine in HIV infection and AIDS

The algorithm for examining an HIV-infected person with diarrhea depends on the conditions in which it is carried out, the clinical picture, physical examination data, and the number of CD4 lymphocytes.

Study of feces. A stool sample is examined for protozoa, bacterial cultures, Clostridium difficile toxins, and white blood cells.

The diagnostic accuracy of stool culture is higher with repeated cultures. If there are no leukocytes in the feces, a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain of stool smears is performed to detect Cryptosporidia spp.

Staining with special dyes to detect microsporidia and testing for Giardia lamblia antigens.

If an infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare is suspected, disseminated infection may be detected by blood cultures or bone marrow biopsies, but this is not proof of GI involvement. The titer of antibodies to Entamoeba histolytica is only relevant in severe amoebiasis (for example, in amoebic liver abscess) and is useless in carrier or amoebic colitis.

X-ray studies. X-ray contrast study of the passage of barium suspension along small intestine and irrigoscopy when examining HIV-infected people with diarrhea are not informative. Abdominal and pelvic CT may reveal thickening of the colonic wall, indicating colitis and a need for colonoscopy.

Endoscopic examination of the upper GI tract and colon is an invaluable diagnostic tool for diarrhea in AIDS patients. In addition to the ability to directly examine the mucosa, it allows you to take samples for histological examination.

HIV treatment trends

Scientists around the world are struggling with the problem of treating HIV, but have not found a way to completely cure patients. Treatment regimens only slow down the progression of the disease and slightly improve the quality of life.

Finding out that you have HIV is a huge stress, so the patient needs constant psychological support from psychologists and psychiatrists, as well as their own family and friends. Not everyone can handle the situation.

In this regard, such people require a sparing protective psychological regimen. Along with this, active therapy with antiretroviral drugs is carried out.

Patients with HIV need constant medical supervision for early detection and treatment of secondary diseases.

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 2010 recommended starting treatment of HIV-infected patients with a CD4 cell level below 350/mm3. However, new WHO research confirms that early HIV treatment leads to better outcomes.

They insist that patients should be given antiretroviral drugs as early as 500 CD4 cells/mm³ or below. This makes treatment safer and more affordable.

In addition, therapy for early stage reduces the number of viruses in the blood. This reduces the risk of HIV transmission to others.

With regard to infected children, WHO insists on the need for antiretroviral therapy for all babies under the age of 5, regardless of the number of CD4 cells. The same applies to HIV-positive pregnant and lactating women, married couples where only one of the partners is infected. WHO recommendations have not changed regarding the provision of antiretroviral treatment to all HIV patients with active tuberculosis or hepatitis B.

Diarrhea in HIV is one of the earliest and most frequent signs of disease manifestation. Almost 90% of patients suffer from this side effect a retrovirus that destroys the immune system and leads to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Diarrhea is considered to be frequent defecation up to three times a day, accompanied by pain in the abdomen and discomfort, and the stool becomes watery (more than half consists of liquid).

The development of diarrhea in AIDS patients is not necessarily due to any one factor. As a rule, this is a combination of all causes at once, because they are closely interconnected and influence each other. Therefore, HIV diarrhea is usually characterized by severe course, duration and resistance to treatment. Digestive disorders can lead to life-threatening conditions, as with diarrhea, the patient loses a large amount of fluid and electrolytes. There are 4 stages of dehydration:

1. Dry mucous membranes, intense thirst, weight loss of more than 3%.
2. Decreased blood pressure, palpitations, dry skin, weight loss up to 6%.
3. Decrease in body temperature below 35 oC, convulsions, weight loss up to 9%.
4. State of shock, cyanosis of the skin, sharply reduced blood pressure, anuria, impaired consciousness (cerebral coma), weight loss of more than 10%.

Stages 3 and 4 require urgent resuscitation, as they are critical for the life of the patient.

Treatment of diarrhea in HIV

Unfortunately, HIV diarrhea cannot be completely cured as long as antiviral therapy is continued and the patient has any symptoms of the underlying disease. However, to smooth out acute conditions and prevent the development of dehydration, it is necessary to take medicines, usually used specifically to treat diarrhea or to restore water-salt balance:

• Loperamide (Imodium) - 1 capsule after each act of defecation with loose stools.
• Polysorb - 5-10g in the form of an aqueous suspension 3-4 times a day.
• Activated charcoal - 2 tablets per 10 kg of body weight.
• With bloating - Espumizan - 2 tablets 3 times a day after meals.
• Glucosolan, Quintasol, Lactasol - drugs to compensate for lost salts and minerals.
• Antibacterial agents for secondary infections of the gastrointestinal tract.

An important component of the treatment and prevention of complications is drinking plenty of water (pure water, herbal teas, fruit drinks, juices).

Prevention and diet for diarrhea in HIV infection

Any diseases of the digestive system require a diet and a balanced diet. By properly choosing a diet, you can alleviate the patient's condition and reduce the activity of diarrhea.

• six meals a day with warm food - all dishes should be of a uniform consistency in order to avoid mechanical irritation of the intestines;
• the use of products that reduce motility - soups, kissels, cereals;
• to replenish calcium - fish, lean meat, bananas;
• steamed or boiled vegetables - potatoes, carrots, zucchini, broccoli;
• low-fat cottage cheese, butter;
• dried bread, crackers, crackers, dry biscuits.

Contraindicated:

• raw fruits and vegetables;
• cold or hot food;
• smoked sausages, sausages;
• cabbage, peas, beans;
• dairy products;
• carbonated drinks, fast food, coffee;
• spicy and fried foods.

A comprehensive approach to the problem of diarrhea in HIV should include drug therapy, diet, and adherence to the regimen prescribed by the doctor. In this case, complications can be avoided and the chair can be adjusted as comfortably as possible.

People living with HIV experience diarrhea quite often. The reasons for this phenomenon lie in the intake of certain medications used to get rid of certain infectious diseases. Sometimes with HIV, there is a decrease in the number of CD4, which leads to the development of opportunistic diseases, one of the manifestations of which is diarrhea.

Diarrhea in HIV may appear in the form of semi-liquid or liquid stools, the number of bowel movements also increases. Often, other symptoms are also observed: loss of appetite, bloating and pain in the abdomen, vomiting and nausea.

Causes of diarrhea in HIV

In most cases, HIV diarrhea is caused by taking certain drugs - protease inhibitors, some antibiotics, Abacavir and Videx, as drugs belonging to the class of reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Such diarrhea can persist for several weeks or even months, that is, for the entire period of treatment. Diarrhea with HIV may not respond to treatment and must be tolerated for as long as the person is taking the drug.

Diarrhea from taking HIV drugs

The severity of diarrhea in HIV can be different. In some cases, severe diarrhea occurs, which causes the patient to go to the toilet many times a day, while loose stools are uncontrolled and profuse. In addition, tremors in the body and weakness may occur due to the large loss of fluid and electrolytes during diarrhea. This condition occurs in 25% of people treated with nelfinavir and in about 20% of people taking saquinavir.

Similar symptoms may occur when taking Lopinavir, Indinavir, Amprenavir and Ritonavir. People taking reverse transcriptase inhibitors have less diarrhea.

Diarrhea with HIV does not make it easier to adjust the regimen and diet. However, specialists have other methods to fix the problem, for example, such as:

Reception or, drugs with a more pronounced effect should be prescribed only by a doctor;

Indicated for diarrhea in HIV is also taking calcium supplements, approximately 500 mg in the morning and evening, this helps to significantly reduce the manifestations of diarrhea;

The use of oat bran in a tablet also shows good efficiency. They are able to absorb fluid in the intestinal cavity, slowing down the peristalsis and movement of feces, thus relieving the problem.

If diarrhea occurs, do not refuse regular food and water. Also, you should not stop taking the drugs prescribed by a specialist, even if this leads to diarrhea.

In this case, it is worth visiting a doctor and discussing this problem with him. Perhaps he will try to choose a different treatment regimen or another drug, or advise ways to get rid of the troubles that have arisen.

HIV diarrhea control measures

In most cases, HIV diarrhea resolves within a few days. If it persists for a long time, then you should definitely visit a specialist.

There are some general principles for dealing with diarrhea:

1. With diarrhea, a large amount of fluid and salts are lost, which disturbs the balance in the body. You can fix this by drinking a lot of water during this period and using special saline solutions that you can prepare yourself or purchase at a pharmacy.


2. Prolonged diarrhea leads to the excretion of calcium from the body, to increase its level should be eaten more fish, potatoes, poultry and bananas.


3. Some foods increase the symptoms of diarrhea and can cause nausea and vomiting. These foods include coffee, spicy foods, raw vegetables, and more.


4. Natural soluble fibers have proven themselves well for diarrhea, they are found in bananas, peas, oats, legumes, apples.


5. Often, the severity of symptoms is significantly reduced when the diet is revised and the refusal of fatty and fried foods, foods high in lactose.


6. With digestive disorders, it is worth reconsidering the amount of fibrous food consumed.


7. If cracks and irritations appear on the anus, you can use drugs against hemorrhoids.

Diarrhea in HIV infection

Another cause of diarrhea in HIV is a low level of CD4. In addition to the specific causes of diarrhea, bowel dysfunction can also be associated with ordinary moments. If it is not possible to determine what caused the dysfunction, then doctors usually attribute it to HIV.

Diarrhea, alternating with periods of constipation, in which bloating, flatulence and other similar symptoms are also observed, may be associated with a banal indigestion. In addition, one of the most common causes of diarrhea in everyday life is not an infection, but ordinary stress and emotional overload.

At further development HIV severe diarrhea can be associated with infections such as salmonellosis, shigella, cytomegalovirus and others.

Diarrhea in HIV: Seeing a Doctor

Diarrhea in HIV is a fairly common phenomenon, but many other diseases are accompanied by the same symptom.

The first thing you should pay attention to is the nature and consistency of the stool, the number of trips to the toilet and the presence of impurities in the stool, such as blood or mucus. In addition, other accompanying symptoms that are important for diagnosis may appear: dizziness, vomiting, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, rapid weight loss, temperature, and others.

If diarrhea with HIV persists for more than 3 days, this is a reason to visit a specialist. You should also see a doctor if there is blood or mucus in the stool. To facilitate diagnosis, the specialist needs to be told about the nature and frequency of stools, the presence of impurities in the feces, and the presence of other symptoms.

After collecting an anamnesis, the doctor usually examines the patient and writes out a referral for measures for his examination. If tuberculosis is suspected, a comprehensive examination of the patient in the hospital is carried out. If the diagnosis is confirmed, then a course of treatment is prescribed, including antidiarrheal and antimicrobial drugs. Such treatment is not combined with the intake of alcoholic beverages. Most likely, the doctor will also give recommendations on adjusting the diet.

The diet of a patient with HIV diarrhea should not contain alcohol, strong coffee, orange juice and spicy spices, and it is worth reducing the amount of fat consumed. With such a problem, you can not drink too hot or too much cold water. Milk and its derivatives are also contraindicated. During the period when diarrhea persists, it is worth drinking more mineral water, better than non-carbonated, this will make up for the loss of fluid and salts in the body. When in contact with feces, it is imperative to use gloves, this should be done by the patient himself and those caring for him. Such precautions will help to avoid infection with HIV and other microorganisms. If irritation occurs on the skin around the anus, you can lubricate the skin with a neutral light cream. In such cases, it is better to refuse to use soap for personal hygiene, as well as to measure the temperature in the rectum.

The juice secreted by the stomach transforms the food that goes on for final digestion and assimilation. Good job bowel is indicative of health. Studies have shown that the human immune system is concentrated there. Therefore, treatment of the stomach with herbs and preparations from them will help restore the functioning of the digestive tract.

Young people do not spare the stomach. During the lunch break, few people eat hot fresh food. Usually they have a snack with fast food, washed down with sweet soda. What about breakfast? A cup of strong black coffee, a cigarette on the way to work. Although oatmeal is preferable, which has enveloping properties that prevent ailments. She would relieve the problems of excess weight, high blood pressure. Prolonged stress, frequent drinking is a risk factor. There are pains in the abdomen, heartburn, bloating. This speaks of diseases of the digestive system.

Major diseases of the stomach

Stress is to blame for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This is the opinion of experts. On the same line are malnutrition, frequent diets, ignoring symptoms. The disorder is the most common. The cause is an infection, a change in diet, fatty foods. As a result, bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea. The number of disorders increases in summer. Herbal infusion will always help here.

Acute gastritis (Qatar) can be caused by diets for weight loss, taking medicines on an empty stomach. Symptoms of gastritis are heartburn, nausea, which soon become constant companions.

Ulcers are painful sores on the gastric mucosa that appear during the advanced stages of gastritis. This is dangerous because internal bleeding occurs during perforation. The duodenum is often affected in parallel. A person is worried about heaviness, nausea, vomiting.

Spasms are contractions of the smooth muscles of the stomach wall. There are severe pains that occur when you do not have time to eat. Spasms can last up to several hours, gradually increasing. The nature of their appearance is not fully understood.

The development of stomach cancer today is blamed on ecology, heredity and nutrition with an excess of starch, salt, carbohydrates, and a lack of vegetables. Bacterium Helicobacter pylori, smoking, alcohol are unconfirmed risk factors. Symptoms in the first stages are mild, there is general weakness, weight loss. However, it is worth paying attention to frequent disorders, nausea, vomiting.

Medicinal herbs for the stomach

Gastritis

Folk methods today again took their lost positions. Medicinal plants help well with diseases of the stomach and pancreas. They will help to resume the work of the gastrointestinal tract. A small chamomile, when applied once, treats the disorder. For gastritis, drink tea from it. The bitter herb oregano is rich in tannins, essential oil. Oregano is included in the gastric fees. If the acidity is high, fresh cabbage juice will help. Lowered - burdock (root). They will help with pain. Yarrow, nettle leaves are used as hemostatic agents, help restore metabolism. These medicinal plants that grow in our meadows are also good for the pancreas.

Ulcerative condition

Treatment of wounds, as well as treatment of the stomach with herbs, takes time. Clover, sea buckthorn oil, plantain will help recovery from ulcers. Tea from its dried leaves heals the mucous. Meadow clover will have a general strengthening effect on the body. It can be drunk like tea. Sea buckthorn oil and flax seeds have enveloping properties. Mucous infusion relieves inflammation, promotes wound healing, helps with pain.

Heartburn

Calendula will help to cope with heartburn. It has an anti-inflammatory effect. Helps with heartburn raw celery root. It's just chewed on. You can also try centaury, St. John's wort. Mint is indicated for heartburn.

Medicinal preparations, medicinal decoctions, infusions

Stomach cramps

They pass thanks to the star anise. Fill it with a glass of boiling water, wait until it cools down, drink it. Prepare a cup of water where rice was cooked, add ground dry ginger on the tip of a knife. Drink warm in one go. Rice also has enveloping properties that relieve discomfort and improve bowel function.

Dried tangerine peels with ginger may help. Make an infusion. Drink 2-3 sips as needed. Common valerian and lemon balm are excellent sedatives for cramps. Melissa will relieve pain, stress. Prepare it like tea. Drink a few sips after eating. With regular use, you will soon feel an improvement. Pharmacies also have ready-made gastric preparations.

Disorders

For a better digestive process, licorice is suitable. Add to it the roots of burdock, dandelion, fennel fruits, buckthorn bark. Pour a couple of tablespoons of water, boil for a couple of 10-15 minutes. Drink half a cup at a time 3 times a day before meals. For the same purpose, add calamus, elecampane or oregano herb.

From diarrhea will help get rid of such medicinal fees: combine yarrow, horsetail, wormwood, cinquefoil roots. Let a handful of raw materials brew for an hour and a half. Drink during the day. Helps with flatulence.

A good result with diarrhea in babies is given by decoctions with St. John's wort. For a child, you can also brew pomegranate peel or alder cones.

For bloating and flatulence, put calamus, gentian, add centaury and rhubarb roots into the decoction. A handful of raw materials for half a liter of water, boil for 30 minutes. Strain the decoction and take half a cup. Another infusion is also prepared and taken: 2 handfuls of buckthorn bark, valerian and dandelion roots, 1 handful of stinging nettle.

Get rid of discomfort cudweed and yarrow in equal amounts. Raw materials (20 grams) are poured with a liter of boiling water, insist. Drink 7-8 times a day. Useful and this recipe: 2 tablespoons of lemon balm, fennel seeds. Insist 30 minutes. Drink 100 ml morning and evening.

To avoid bloating and flatulence, remember folk advice, try drinking healthy soothing teas with the addition of ginger, cinnamon or fennel. Mint and valerian will not be superfluous. She saved many from nervous disorders. A good alternative is valerian tablets.

Catarrh of the stomach (gastritis)

There are quite a few herbs used for stomach ailments. Let's focus on more effective ones. If the acidity is increased, take the same amount of fennel fruits, flax (seeds), lime blossom. Pour a spoonful of raw materials with water, warm well. Pour into a container through a fine sieve. Drink a small cup after breakfast and dinner. Before each dose, prepare fresh medicine. This will also have a good effect on the pancreas.

Take yarrow and celandine (3:1). Brew with hot water. Take the infusion three times a day for a coffee cup. Herbal collection, if the acidity is reduced: 30 grams of rose hips, 50 grams of golden leaf, 10 grams of oregano, 40 grams of dry plantain, 20 grams of evading peony. Prepare as before. Drink warm before breakfast, lunch, dinner. Remedies for gastritis, which are accompanied by constipation:

• 20 grams each: buckthorn bark, lemon balm leaves, yarrow;
• 10 grams each: valerian, fennel and cumin seeds;
• 5 grams: hop cones;
• 15 grams each: cudweed and highlander bird.

Brew a handful, let it brew. Drink a couple of sips in the morning on an empty stomach, the rest during the day. Successfully used medicinal products with fresh aloe juice. For the treatment of gastritis in children, use calendula. Prepare as tea and let your child drink half an hour before dinner.

Ulcerative conditions

For successful treatment, we present folk recipes. Several times a day, drink an infusion of cudweed with honey. Mix fennel, lime blossom, burdock. Brew three times a day like tea.

Take 10 grams of nettle, fennel, marshmallow and wheatgrass roots. Licorice is also added. Boil 2 teaspoons, drink everything before going to bed. The following recipe is shown even for chronic gastritis:

• field horsetail, cudweed - 1 handful;
• burdock, wormwood, rosehip petals - 2 handfuls;
• dill seeds, rose hips, St. John's wort, yarrow - 3 handfuls.

Infuse a handful of the mixture in a half-liter jar. Drink during the day. If acidity is increased, use the previous recipe, but instead of rose hips, add buckthorn bark, calamus to the collection. It is worth trying fresh aloe juice. Remember to control your blood pressure. In sick people, it can drop sharply

Stomach cancer

Chaga infusion. Grate the growth, fill it with boiled water, let it brew for 48 hours. Take 2-3 sips three times a day, regardless of meals.

For stomach cancer, fairly simple remedies are used: knotweed grass, horsetail, hemlock, mugwort, poplar buds, aspen bark, sweet clover grass, juniper berries. Make an infusion, drink within 12 hours.

Boil an equal amount of chamomile with celandine. Take 2 dessert spoons morning and evening. The medicine will take the pain away.

The inner white part of the sunflower must be dried, take 6 grams and boil well in 200 ml of water. Infusion in the morning to drink.

Beneficial effect on the stomach herbal collection: burdock roots, bearberry, centaury, mistletoe, tricolor violet, horsetail, chamomile flowers and rose hips, add thyme. Boil a handful. Use at least 3 months.

Let us also recall domestic plants - for example, the golden mustache. Its tincture is believed to help treat stomach and duodenal cancer. A decoction gives a good result. 1 sheet 20-25 cm or 2 smaller sheets finely chopped, pour water (800 ml), boil. Decoction (a quarter cup) drink three times a day.

You can drink aloe juice with honey. Tea with dry plantain or its juice is shown without restrictions.

Recipes for alcohol extracts

For the prevention of diseases and the treatment of the digestive system, a variety of alcohol tinctures are prepared at home. The cooking method is simple. Plants are soaked in alcohol. Such useful tinctures should be at hand. Ready fees are stored in the refrigerator. As a prophylactic gastric drug, prepare an extract from the golden mustache: these are crushed "knees" of the plant on vodka. Insist 2 weeks. When used diluted with water 1:1.

Air in wine. Cut fresh roots (100 grams) and 2 small leaves of aloe and pour over a bottle of white table wine. Filter after 2 weeks. You can drink 10 sips of this wine every day. So we treat bad appetite.

For gastritis, prepare such useful medicinal tinctures. From immature walnuts. Cut green fruits, put in a dark glass bowl, pour alcohol. When treating, drink 10 days in a tablespoon. Good for diarrhea.

100 pieces of tansy flowers insist on vodka. Take 20 drops every day. The term of admission is a month.

To heal wounds on the mucous membrane, use medicinal potions. Yarrow is finely cut, mixed with calendula and burdock, infused with vodka. Take a month, 100 drops in 12 hours.

Remedies for intestinal atony: try using buckthorn bark (a tablespoon) and 2.5 cups of alcohol. The result will appear in a week when taking 5 drops per day. Also use gentian, orange peel and cudweed (10 grams each). Pour the mixture with a liter of port wine and insist in a sunny place for 20 days. Drink a sip in the morning on an empty stomach and half a coffee cup before bed.

Spasms will help remove such tinctures: mix thyme, dandelion, rue and wormwood, add 20 viburnum and dogwood berries each, pour a liter jar into the floor and pour moonshine to the top. Take 20 drops as needed.

For the treatment of cancer, folk healers advise poisonous plants. These are aconite, celandine, potato flowers, hemlock. Preparation of tincture of aconite: rinse the dry root well (100 grams), put in a glass dish, let it brew in hot water 40 minutes. Then chop very finely, put in a liter container. Pour water, where aconite was insisted, top up with 60-degree alcohol. Insist 4 weeks. The alcohol extract is started from 1 drop per day and gradually reaches 20. After that, the dose is reduced and reaches 1 drop. The drug is dropped into the water. Repeat the course three times with a break of 3 weeks. This tincture is poisonous. Don't keep her in sight.

Always remember the enveloping, healing properties of flaxseed. Keep them in your first aid kit.

Contraindications

At first glance, folk remedies are absolutely safe. However, be careful. Possible allergic reactions. What herbs to use? This is individual. If there are concomitant diseases, study the effect of the plant on the body. Do not use calamus if you have heartburn. He will strengthen it.

Golden mustache is contraindicated in adults and children with asthma. With prolonged use, it irritates the vocal cords. Do not use dandelion for gastritis. Vomiting or diarrhea is possible. Fresh aloe juice is harmful to the pancreas. Peppermint and licorice, which has saved many from diseases, is not suitable for people due to low blood pressure and pregnant women. Any soothing herbs and decoctions should be drunk with caution. Do not use thyme if the heart, liver and kidneys are not in order.

What is diarrhea in HIV infection?

People with HIV and AIDS often suffer from diarrhea. First of all, this may be due to the intake of a large number of drugs aimed at combating infectious diseases. These include opportunistic, as well as affecting the organs of the digestive system.

Diarrhea in HIV-infected people can be observed for a very long time. Loose stools with a frequency of several times (at least 3-4 times) cause serious discomfort and problems, so this disease must be fought. The main thing before this is to find out the cause of diarrhea in order to prescribe the necessary medications.

Causes of diarrhea in HIV

Most often, it is caused by taking medications, antibiotics. Diarrhea can last from several weeks to several months. This is affected by the duration of the use of certain drugs. Sometimes diarrhea with HIV infection cannot be eliminated, and it can continue for the entire period of treatment of the underlying disease with drugs.

The severity of the disease can vary. When diarrhea begins with HIV, the patient goes to the toilet several times. However, it may be accompanied by fever and weakness throughout the body. The use of drugs such as Saquinavir, Lopinavir, Ritonovir and other similar drugs in the treatment of HIV can trigger these symptoms.

HIV diarrhea treatment

Sometimes diarrhea can go away on its own within a couple of days. You need to see a doctor if this does not happen.

Since diarrhea in HIV infection causes dehydration, it is very important to replenish the lack of fluid lost during the illness. To restore the water-salt balance, special saline solutions are taken. Diarrhea contributes to the removal of a large amount of calcium from the body, therefore, it is necessary to increase the number of non-prohibited foods rich in this element.

Adjusting the diet, a healthy diet can, to a certain extent, reduce the severity of the symptom in HIV and improve the condition of the body. The natural soluble fiber found in bananas, apples, and oats is helpful for diarrhea. Food should be produced in small portions, various seasonings should be excluded, which become additional intestinal irritants. In addition, fatty, fried foods should be removed from the diet.

Diarrhea in AIDS

Almost every patient with a severe form of HIV at a certain period of the disease begins diarrhea, which causes weight loss and exhaustion of the body. More than half of AIDS patients suffer from intestinal infections. Diarrhea may become more pronounced as the disease progresses.

Bacteria and viruses that cause diarrhea can be very dangerous, since their presence in the patient's body causes severe complications, which require serious efforts to combat. If AIDS diarrhea lasts more than 3-4 days, it is recommended to see a doctor for examination and diagnosis of the condition to determine what type of treatment is needed. This is especially important if blood was found in the feces. After collecting all the tests, the specialist prescribes drugs that help reduce the severity of symptoms.

Symptoms and treatment of intestinal dysbiosis in adults

In order to cure intestinal dysbacteriosis in an adult, an integrated approach is needed that can help get rid of the disease and prevent relapse. Prevention of the disease, as well as medication and folk treatment help prevent relapse in men and women. What are the main causes of intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults, how does the symptomatology of the disease manifest itself, what to do if the disease bothers you during pregnancy, and what is the treatment regimen for dysbacteriosis?

What is the disease?

Dysbacteriosis is an imbalance of useful and pathogenic microflora intestines. Against the background of inflammatory processes and therapy in the intestine, the development of an imbalance of microflora begins and the pathogenic microorganism exceeds the number of beneficial microbes. There is no disease as such in the medical reference book, however, according to the classification of diseases, the ICD 10 code is 63.8.0 "Dysbacteriosis". With intestinal dysbacteriosis, it is important to correctly diagnose and know how to restore the mucosa, since the clinic does not have characteristic symptoms and is similar in signs to other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Peculiarities

Degrees of dysbacteriosis

Bacteria disturb the intestinal microflora.

You can get rid of intestinal dysbacteriosis and prevent relapses after a complete diagnosis and confirmation of the diagnosis. The disease is divided into primary and secondary. In the primary, the intestinal microflora changes in a person, and in the secondary pathology in the intestines, they develop as a secondary manifestation of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is divided into the following stages:

1. Dysbacteriosis of the 1st degree is characterized by a decrease in beneficial intestinal bacteria, while the patient does not observe obvious symptoms and discomfort.
2. Dysbacteriosis of the 2nd degree is characterized by a sharp increase in pathogenic microflora. The patient feels pain and discomfort in the intestines, there are problems with digestion and digestibility of food.
3. Dysbacteriosis of the 3rd degree of manifestation is characterized by the fact that the intestinal walls begin to become inflamed, the food is poorly digested, the patient feels weak, heaviness in the lower abdomen, constipation is disturbed, which is replaced by bouts of diarrhea, nausea, a putrid smell is felt from the mouth.
4. Dysbacteriosis of the 4th degree is characterized by the addition of a bacterial and infectious complication. Food is not digested sufficiently, internal bleeding occurs, against this background, the patient manifests anemia, weakness, dizziness. Regardless of what stage of the disease is diagnosed in a person, you need to start immediate drug therapy and adherence to a therapeutic diet.

Causes of the disease

The causes of dysbacteriosis in the intestine are varied. But the most common are:

Other diseases

Characteristic symptoms

Patients with dysbacteriosis often feel heaviness in the abdomen.

Symptoms of dysbacteriosis are similar to symptoms of diseases of other organs of the digestive tract. It is important to distinguish the signs of intestinal dysbacteriosis from other diseases; for this, the patient needs to undergo a diagnostic study indicated by the doctor, after which a treatment regimen will be prescribed. Which drugs to use, how long the therapy will last, the doctor decides based on the results. Symptoms of intestinal dysbacteriosis in women and men are:

• heaviness and constant discomfort in the abdomen, which are accompanied by flatulence, nausea, sometimes vomiting and loss of appetite;
• problems with the stool, when constipation is replaced by diarrhea and vice versa, particles of undigested food and mucus are visible in the feces;
• weight loss due to inadequate digestion of food;
• deterioration of health, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness;
• bad taste in the mouth bad smell and a coating on the tongue;
• pain in the abdomen after eating, which cannot be ignored, it indicates the development of inflammatory processes in the organ and damage to the mucosa.

Intestinal dysbiosis during pregnancy

An imbalance in the beneficial intestinal microflora in pregnant women leads to the development of diseases of the digestive tract, and thrush also occurs. The fact is that during pregnancy, the protective properties of the body decrease, and all chronic diseases or the primary manifestation become aggravated, therefore, during such a period, it is important to monitor health and take all measures to strengthen it. The microflora of the vagina and intestines are closely related, so the treatment of dysbiosis should be comprehensive and prescribed by a doctor. A diet for intestinal dysbiosis during pregnancy excludes spicy and fatty foods, sweets, fast food. When the balance of microorganisms is restored in the colon, treatment of vaginal dysbiosis can begin, the scheme of which is determined by the doctor. Most often, these are candles from dysbacteriosis "Fluconazole".

Diagnostics

First of all, the doctor will prescribe a general blood test.

Laboratory diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis includes laboratory and instrumental methods. To determine dysbacteriosis, the doctor collects all the information about the patient, asks about the symptoms, performs palpation, and then prescribes diagnostic measures. When the diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis shows a decrease in bifidobacteria, while bad microflora prevails, it means that the patient develops bacteriosis in the intestine. The patient is shown to undergo the following procedures:

1. a general blood test shows inflammatory processes, and with dysbacteriosis - reduced hemoglobin;
2. irrigoscopy is an X-ray examination using contrast. The doctor takes several pictures that show the state of the tissues of the organ, whether there are changes or neoplasms;
3. colonoscopy, with the help of which the doctor sees in real time the state of the organ, whether there are pathologies and what kind of disease is bothering;
4. gastroscopy, which will show the presence of diseases of the digestive tract, which is the root cause of dysbacteriosis;
5. intestinal dysbacteriosis with the determination of sensitivity to antibiotics - a study that shows the amount of violation of the composition of microorganisms and shows the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics.

Treatment in adults

Diet therapy

The diet will help improve bowel function.

The diet will be able to improve the work of the digestive organs, while drug therapy can wait. Include a lot of plant foods in the menu, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits. Fermented milk products and drinks are welcome: yogurt, fermented baked milk, kefir, yogurt enriched with bifidobacteria. If you follow the diet and diet, chronic dysbacteriosis will pass and the risk of relapse will decrease.

drugs

• Antibiotics kill the intestinal microflora, but if you take them according to the scheme for no more than a week, then a larger percentage of microorganisms will remain, and it will be possible to multiply beneficial microorganisms by taking special preparations. "Metronidazole" is the best remedy that destroys harmful microflora and infections from the intestines, drink the drug strictly according to the instructions and do not interrupt the course of treatment.
• Probiotics are means that can populate the body with beneficial bacteria, and prebiotics are needed to prepare the body for colonization by beneficial microflora.
• Enzymes are indicated for diseases of the digestive system, help normal digestion of food, contribute to the normalization of the balance of microflora.
• The antispasmodic will help get rid of pain and spasms.
• Probiotics are the best means that stimulate the growth of beneficial microflora and kill pathogenic ones.
• Sorbents and Activated carbon help get rid of waste and toxins. "Smekta" is used when a person has diarrhea, an infectious lesion, bloating and imbalance of microflora. "Smecta" is prescribed by a doctor, drink at least 5-7 days.

Consequences

The consequences of intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults are severe, and if you do not start treatment on time, the following diseases develop:

1. chronic enterocolitis, in which the tissues of the large and small intestine become inflamed;
2. the development of a deficiency of vitamins and microelements, which leads to a deterioration in the patient's condition, the development of anemia;
3. infectious infection of the blood, in which a fatal outcome is possible;
4. peritonitis, occurs due to the thinning of the walls of the organ, as a result of which its contents penetrate into the abdominal cavity;
5. pancreatitis, which is provoked by harmful microorganisms;
6. pain, deterioration in general well-being, weight loss, indigestion with putrid breath.

Whatever the root causes of the disease, drug treatment intestinal dysbacteriosis in adults should be comprehensive and be prescribed by a doctor after examination and confirmation of the diagnosis. You do not need to self-medicate and use folk remedies on your own. This will not only not bring the desired effect, but will also cause severe complications, which are then more difficult to treat.