Polypores bordered with medicinal properties. Bordered tinder fungus: description, harm and useful properties. Tinder mushroom tincture recipes

• Department: Basidiomycota (Basidiomycetes)
• Subdivision: Agaricomycotina (Agaricomycetes)
• Class: Agaricomycetes (Agaricomycetes)
• Subclass: Incertae sedis (undefined)
• Order: Polyporales
• Family: Fomitopsidaceae (Fomitopsis)
• Genus: Fomitopsis (Fomitopsis)
• View: Fomitopsis pinicola (Polypore fringed)

Synonyms:

• Fungus

• Pine tinder fungus
• Fomitopsis pinicola

Bordered polypore (Fomitopsis pinicola) is a mushroom of the Fomitopsis family, belongs to the Fomitopsis genus.

External description

Tinder fungus (Fomitopsis pinicola) - good famous mushroom, belongs to saprophytes. It is characterized by perennial fruiting bodies that grow sideways, sessile. Young specimens have a rounded or hemispherical shape. Over time, the shape of this type of mushroom changes. It can be hoof-like or cushion-shaped. The mushroom is distinguished by the complete absence of a leg. If wet weather sets in outside, droplets of liquid appear on the surface of the fruiting body of the bordered polypore.
The hat is characterized by medium size, in diameter it can reach up to 30 cm (in old mushrooms). The height of the cap is up to 10 cm. Concentric areas are clearly visible on its surface. They vary in color and are separated by depressions. The surface of the cap is covered with a thin matte skin, which becomes slightly resinous towards the center.
The pulp of the mushroom is dense, elastic, resembles a cork in structure. It can sometimes be woody. When broken, it becomes flaky. Light brown or light beige (chestnut in mature fruiting bodies).
The hymenophore is of a tubular type, cream or beige. It darkens with mechanical stress, becoming gray or dark brown.
Spore powder - white, yellow or cream. The spores themselves are small and colorless. It is characterized by an elliptical or ovoid shape.

Season and habitat of the fungus

Bordered tinder fungi are referred to as saprophytes, provoking the development of brown rot. It is found in many regions, but most often in Europe and Russia. Grow on dead wood, dry conifers and deciduous trees, stumps. If a living tree is weakened, then the fungus can also infect it. The fruiting bodies of fringed polypores usually begin to grow at the bottom of the tree trunk.

Edibility

Edible. Used to create mushroom flavored seasonings. It is a raw material for homeopathic medicines. It is successfully used in Chinese traditional medicine.

Similar types and differences from them

This mushroom is difficult to confuse with others.

Other information about the mushroom

Bordered polypore (Fomitopsis pinicola) causes serious damage to timber warehouses in Siberia. Causes decay of wood blanks.

Bordered polypore (Fomitopsis pinicola) inedible mushroom... Saprophyte, causes brown rot. It is used as a raw material for medicines in homeopathy and in Chinese traditional medicine. Found in the forests of the zone temperate climate The Northern Hemisphere is almost everywhere. It is one of the most common polypores in the forests of Russia.

The bordered polypore settles on dead wood. It grows on almost all types of deciduous and coniferous trees. It can also affect weakened living trees. Fruit bodies on living trees usually grow in the lower part of the tree.

The fruit body is perennial, sessile, laterally accreted, hoof-like, cushion-shaped, varying in shape and size. The mushroom stalk is missing. The surface of the caps is of various colors: from bright yellow and red-orange to brown and almost black closer to the base of the fungus, often shiny from the presence of resinous substances.

The upper surface of the fruit bodies is uneven, grooved-zonal. A specific feature of the bordered tinder fungus is that the growing fruiting bodies are covered with droplets of exudate. Mineral salts contained in the colorless liquid change the surface tension energy, therefore large, heavy drops are retained on the surface of the mushroom and do not fall.

The size of fruit bodies can reach 30 centimeters or more in diameter and up to 10 centimeters in height. Characteristic feature mushroom - white or cream, sometimes with lemon-yellow edges and hymenophores. Sometimes an orange border is located closer to the edge. Some caps of bordered tinder fungus are very beautiful - carmine red. With age, the color goes to red-brown and almost black tones.

The pulp is firm, elastic, tomentose or cork-like, occasionally woody. Flaky at the fault. The flesh is usually light yellowish beige or light brown, but older fruiting bodies can be chestnut or even chocolate brown.

The hymenophore is tubular, horizontal. The color is beige or cream, usually with a pinkish tint. When pressed, it darkens to a dark brown or gray-brown color.

The spore powder is light, creamy, whitish or yellowish. Sporulation is very abundant. In warm dry weather, the spore powder is clearly visible below the fruiting body. Spores are colorless, small, ovoid or elliptical in shape.

AT forest ecosystems the mushroom performs the function of splitting dead wood. Unlike common tinder fungus and a number of other tinder fungi that break down wood lignin, leaving cellulose powder (white rot), bordered tinder fungus breaks down cellulose, leaving lignin (brown rot), so that different types wood-destroying fungi work in cooperation.

Bordered polypores can cause economic damage, affecting harvested timber and wooden structures left at logging sites, especially non-residential ones: bridges, telegraph poles.

The fungus contains steroids and triterpene alcohols with antimicrobial activity, as well as triterpenoids and triterpene glycosides that inhibit the expression of cyclooxygenase - this enzyme indirectly participates in the chain of molecular events leading to the development of the inflammatory process. The mycelium of the fungus secretes beta-1,4-glycosidase, an enzyme that breaks down cellulose.

Water and alcohol extracts of bordered tinder fungus normalize blood sugar. A pronounced antibacterial effect of individual compounds isolated from the fungus has also been shown. The anticancer activity of polysaccharide compounds in the composition of the fungus was noted.

In Chinese medicine, bordered tinder fungus is part of the mushroom collection, designed to maintain and improve overall health and to improve mental performance.

The same mushroom is used as part of the collection for the treatment of nervous diseases, blood disorders, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, inflammatory diseases of various nature, dysfunctions gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the genitourinary system and gynecological diseases.

In Korea, extracts of the fruiting body and mycelium of bordered tinder fungus are patented as a means of treating diabetes. Bordered polypore is of particular interest as a source of the cellulose-degrading enzyme beta-1,4-glycosidase - this enzyme is in demand in biotechnology.

Family polypores - Polyporaceae

Bordered polypore is a mushroom with a perennial sessile fruiting body. The stem is absent, the fruiting body of the fungus is attached to the substrate by its lateral part. The shape of the fruiting body is variable, from a semicircular pillow to a hoof-shaped one, up to 30 cm and more. A characteristic feature of the fungus is the light yellow-orange coloration of the growing ridge with an almost white edge. The old section of the cap is dark gray-brown. The light growth zone is often covered with large drops of transparent moisture. The surface of the hymenophore is beige or cream with a pinkish tint. Pores 3 ... 4 per millimeter. The flesh of the mushroom is dense, elastic, felt or cork, light yellow or light brown. The spore powder is light, cream, whitish or yellowish. The size of the spores is 6 ... 8x3.5 ... 4 microns.

Spread

Bordered polypore is a mushroom that is widespread in the forests of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere almost everywhere.

Habitat

Bordered polypore usually settles on dead wood, stumps, dry. It rarely affects living trees. Prefers coniferous wood, but can also settle on deciduous ones. Fruit bodies on living trees usually grow in the lower part of the tree.

In forest ecosystems, the fungus performs the function of splitting dead wood. Unlike common tinder fungus and a number of other tinder fungi that break down wood lignin, leaving cellulose powder (white rot), bordered tinder fungus breaks down cellulose, leaving lignin (brown rot), so that different types of wood decaying fungi work in cooperation. Bordered polypores can cause economic damage, affecting the harvested timber and wooden structures left on the felling sites, especially non-residential ones (bridges, telegraph poles, etc.).

Chemical composition

The fungus contains steroids and triterpene alcohols with antimicrobial activity, as well as triterpenoids and triterpene glycosides that inhibit the expression of cyclooxygenase (this enzyme is indirectly involved in the chain of molecular events leading to the development of the inflammatory process). The mycelium of the fungus secretes beta-1,4-glycosidase, an enzyme that breaks down cellulose.

pharmachologic effect

Water and alcohol extracts of bordered tinder fungus normalize blood sugar. A pronounced antibacterial effect of individual compounds isolated from the fungus was also shown. The anticancer activity of polysaccharide compounds in the composition of the fungus was noted.

Application

In Chinese medicine, bordered tinder fungus is part of the mushroom collection, designed to maintain and improve overall health and to improve mental performance. The same mushroom is used as part of the collection for the treatment of nervous diseases, disorders of the blood composition, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, inflammatory diseases of various nature, dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract, diseases of the genitourinary system and gynecological diseases.

In Korea, extracts of the fruiting body and mycelium of the bordered tinder fungus are patented as a treatment for diabetes.

Bordered polypore is of certain interest as a source of the cellulose-degrading enzyme beta-1,4-glycosidase - this enzyme is in demand in biotechnology.

Bordered tinder fungus (lat.Fomitopsis pinicola) (Fr.) Karst is a fairly common tinder fungus, saprophyte.

Russian synonyms:

• Pine polypore;
• Wood sponge, rarely used.

Fruiting bodies are perennial, sessile, adherent sideways. In youth they are rounded or semicircular. The shape of the fruit body is changeable, it is cushion-shaped or hoof-shaped. The mushroom stalk is missing. In damp weather, very large drops of transparent liquid are often visible on the fruiting body.

The hat is medium in size, in old mushrooms it is 15cm (up to 30cm) wide and up to 10cm high. A characteristic feature of the cap is the presence of well-distinguishable concentric zones, separated by depressions and different in color. Old areas of the cap are gray-gray, or dark gray-brown, often almost black. The outer growing ridge has a characteristic red, orange (sometimes cinnabar red) or yellow-orange color with a lighter outer edge. The skin is matte, uneven, slightly resinous closer to the center.

The pulp is firm, elastic, tomentose or cork-like, occasionally woody. On a flaky fault. The flesh is usually light yellowish beige or light brown, but older fruit bodies may be chestnut or even chocolate brown.

The hymenophore is tubular, horizontal. The color is beige or cream, usually with a pinkish tint. When pressed, it darkens to a dark brown or gray-brown color.

The spore powder is light, creamy, whitish or yellowish. Sporulation is very abundant. In warm dry weather, the spore powder is clearly visible below the fruiting body.

Spores are colorless, small (6-8x3.5-4 microns) ovoid or elliptical in shape.

Ecology and distribution

Bordered tinder fungus - saprophyte, causes brown rot. In moderate climatic zone occurs everywhere. It is quite common in Russia and Europe.

Bordered tinder fungus grows on dead wood, stumps, dryness of most deciduous and coniferous species. It can also infect weakened living trees. Fruit bodies on living trees usually grow in the lower part of the tree.

Economic value

Bordered tinder fungus causes very active brown rot, can affect wooden structures. In Siberia, this fungus causes damage by causing rotting of timber in warehouses and logging sites.

Tinder fungus is used as a raw material for medicines in homeopathy and in Chinese folk medicine.

(fungus)

or pine tinder fungus

- inedible mushroom

✎ Affiliation and generic features

✎ Healing properties

Steroids, some triterpene alcohols with antimicrobial activity, and the necessary triterpenoids, or triterpene glycosides, inhibiting (suppressing or delaying physiological and enzymatic (or physicochemical) sessions) the expression of cyclooxygenase (this enzyme participates in the chain leading to the evolution of the inflammatory process).
Aqueous-alcoholic extracts of bordered tinder fungus moderate the blood sugar content, cause an antibacterial reaction, polysaccharide mixing in its composition has anti-cancer activity.

✎ Similar views

Tinder fungus, by the nature of fruiting, it is possible to confuse, perhaps, only with the tinder fungus (woody). And this is due to their hefty dimensions, the ability to produce abundant sticky liquid and the preference to grow close to the soil, at the base of the tree, at its root system.
However, the difference between them is still noticeable and manifests itself both in the color of these two species and in preferences for one or another type of wood: the bordered tinder fungus prefers coniferous wood, and the oak tinder fungus, on the contrary, prefers deciduous trees, and especially oaks.

✎ Distribution in nature and seasonality

The bordered polypore is abundantly widespread in the northern hemisphere of the planet and especially in its temperate zone, and therefore it can be found almost everywhere, both in central Russia and in former countries THE USSR. It is well distributed in Western Europe and North America, where it often appears on deadwood, stumps and dryness of most deciduous and conifers.
Bordered polypore is capable of infecting not only dried, but also living (though weakened) trees, and at the same time its fruits usually grow in the lower part of the trunk.
Bordered polypore is a significant fungus, and in forest ecosystems it performs the function of cleaving dead wood, but unlike other polypores, which clearly break down wood lignin, leaving sticky cellulose powder (white rot), bordered polypore naturally breaks down the cellulose itself, leaving lignin (brown rot) ).
So that different kinds wood-destroying fungi act in close cooperation, but each of them performs a specific function in nature.

✎ Brief description and application

Bordered polypore belongs to a very special group of aphyllophoroid hymenomycetes, which includes species with a spore-bearing layer (hymenophore) of different types:
- smooth;
- labyrinthine mesh;
- lumpy;
- tubular;
- cellular;
- labyrinthine,
- smooth,
in the form of intertwining folds and different from the known tubular and lamellar mushrooms.
The fruiting body of a bordered tinder fungus is perennial, sitting, large, grows sideways and at a young age has a round or hemispherical shape, but over time it changes and becomes cushion or hoof-shaped, and concentric areas are ideally visible on the surface, which differ in color and are separated by small grooves. The surface of the fruiting body (or cap) is covered with a thin, matte skin, which becomes slightly resinous closer to the center; in wet weather, droplets of liquid appear on it. The leg is completely missing. The pulp is dense, elastic, sometimes woody and resembles a cork in composition, and when broken, it becomes flaky, light brown, light beige in young fruits, and dark chestnut in hefty ripe ones. The spore-bearing layer (hymenophore) is of a tubular type, cream or beige in color, but under mechanical stress (pressure and cut) it darkens and becomes gray-brown or dark-brown.

Bordered polypores are unsuitable for human consumption, but in Chinese traditional medicine it is still included in the composition of the collection, especially those intended to maintain and improve health, or mental performance:

• with nervous diseases;
• with violations of blood composition;
• with cardiovascular diseases;
• with liver diseases;
• with inflammatory diseases of various nature;
• for violations of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract;
• with diseases of the genitourinary system;
• with gynecological diseases.

AT South Korea extracts from fruiting bodies and mycelium of bordered tinder fungus are patented as a means of treating diabetes. Or edged tinder fungus is of certain interest as a kind of raw material for the cellulose-digesting enzyme beta-1,4-glycosidase, which is in demand in biotechnology.