What is the normal pressure at 43. Human pressure. Age norm. Does blood pressure change with age

The doctor begins any medical examination by checking important indicators of human health. He probes the lymph nodes, checks the condition of the joints, and also measures temperature, pulse, and blood pressure (BP). The doctor records the results obtained in the anamnesis, and also compares the recorded indicators with the norms of pressure and heart rate by age indicated in the standard tables.

Heart rate and blood pressure are two related metrics. When the numbers of blood pressure are shifted in any direction, there is an increase or decrease in the pulse, as well as a change in its rhythm. Each person should know what these indicators mean.

Pulse

These are rhythmic tremors that occur inside the walls of arteries, capillaries and veins, provoked by the heart muscle. Against the background of cardiac contractions, the intensity of the blood flow in the vessels changes, and the frequency of the pulsations also changes.

In addition to the heart rate (), doctors also note other properties of the pulse:

• fullness;
• rhythm;
• tension;
• vibration amplitude.

Pressure

Pressure is the force with which blood acts on the walls of veins and arteries. depend on the force and speed with which the heart contracts and pushes the blood, as well as on the volume of blood promoted through the vessels, the tone of the vessels.

In addition to arterial blood pressure, there are several other types of blood pressure:

1. Intracardiac. It occurs in the cavities of the heart when its muscles contract. There are certain standards for each department. These indicators can vary depending on the physiology of the human body.
2. Venous. This is the pressure that occurs in the right atrium. It has to do with how much blood is returned back to the heart.
3. Capillary. An important indicator characterizes the blood pressure in the capillaries. It depends on the curvature of small vessels and their tension.

The highest pressure indicators are noted precisely at the outlet of blood from the heart (from the left ventricle). Further, along the course of movement through the arteries, the indicators become lower, and in the capillaries they are very small. The minimum numbers are recorded in the veins and at the entrance to the heart (in the right atrium).

When measuring, the tonometer records two indicators: systolic and diastolic pressure. Systole - contraction of both ventricles of the heart and the release of blood into the aorta. The numbers determined by the tonometer at this moment are also called upper pressure. They depend on the resistance of blood vessels, as well as on the strength, heart rate.

Diastole is the interval between contractions when the heart is completely relaxed. At this moment, it is completely filled with blood, and the tonometer records the diastolic (lower, heart) pressure. It depends only on vascular resistance.

Pressure rate depending on age

To date, there are special tables developed by doctors, which determine the normal pressure and pulse in an adult and:

Table 1

table 2

Usually at a young age, few people pay attention to the level of blood pressure. As the body ages, failures in its various systems can lead to a deviation of indicators from normal values. However, external factors such as:

• stress;
• psycho-emotional state;
• taking medications;
• weather and climatic conditions;
• times of Day.

On average, a healthy person has a diastolic blood pressure of 120 mm Hg. Art., and normal heart pressure should not exceed 80. However, modern doctors are very careful about the average tables, compiled only on the basis of the patient's age. Today, in most cases, an individual approach to the diagnosis of pathologies of the cardiovascular system is practiced.

In an infant, blood pressure and pulse sometimes deviate slightly from the norm. The frequency of heartbeat and blood pressure can change during feeding, while in a hot dry room. If the indicators are restored within 5-10 minutes after the cessation of external factors, then you should not worry.

In adolescents, the indicators may also differ from the standard ones up or down. This can be caused by hormonal changes in the body, which is also considered the norm, if there is no deterioration in well-being. By the way, in girls, pressure drops in adolescence are observed more often.

We measure the pulse and pressure correctly

Modern blood pressure monitors are convenient devices that allow you to independently measure pressure without having any skills. Many devices are also equipped with a pulse measurement function, so it will not be difficult to monitor your physical indicators. However, to get more accurate results, you need to adhere to the following rules:

• do not drink caffeinated beverages or smoke before measurements;
• 15 minutes before the procedure, you need to exclude physical activity, but it is better to just relax;
• the tonometer may show unreliable results after eating;
• measurements are taken in a sitting or lying position;
• while the tonometer is in operation, you must not talk and move;
• to obtain more accurate results, the values \u200b\u200bare taken in turn from each hand at intervals of 10 minutes.

You need to know that the indicators of a person's diastolic pressure, according to age norms, can gradually increase up to 60 years. But systolic pressure grows throughout life. The pulse is at its maximum in infants, then its values \u200b\u200bdecrease and then rise slightly closer to 60 years.

For doctors, the difference between upper and lower blood pressure values \u200b\u200b- pulse pressure is also of great importance. It should be within 35-50 units. Deviations from this norm can also lead to negative consequences.

If your existing tonometer does not have a heart rate measurement function, you should know how to correctly determine it manually. There are special points where the pulsation is heard most clearly:

• elbow;
• armpits;
• shoulder;
• hip;
• feet;
• popliteal part;
• whiskey;

Measurements are made by pressing on the indicated points, while counting the number of blows over a certain period of time. Usually, indicators are calculated per minute or 30 seconds. The figures obtained in half a minute are multiplied by two. However, the method of manually probing the pulse is considered approximate. To get more accurate indicators, you can use special devices - heart rate monitors.

What affects the heart rate and blood pressure readings?

As can be seen from the above tables, the heart rate of a healthy adult can vary between 60-90 beats / min. This indicator can be influenced by many factors:

• mental, physical and emotional overload;
• hormonal changes in the body;
• times of Day;
• ecological situation in the place of residence;
• sex and age differences.

For example, in women, the pulse in most cases is approximately 7-8 beats faster than in men. And in hot weather, both sexes will overestimate. If, after exposure to an external factor, the heart rate returns to normal after about 15-20 minutes, then either an underestimation of the indicators is not considered a pathology and does not require drug treatment.

Various factors can also affect blood pressure readings:

Blood pressure is a purely individual indicator and depends on many factors.

And, nevertheless, there is a certain average medical norm. That is why deviations from the accepted indicators allow the doctor to suspect malfunctions in the body's systems. However, the indicators change depending on the time of day and the age of the person.

Normal pressure in an adult should be determined only at rest, since any stress (both physical and emotional) has a huge impact on his performance. The human body independently controls blood pressure, and with a moderate load, its indicators rise by about 20 mm Hg. This is due to the fact that the muscles and organs involved in the work require a better blood supply.

According to the "Latest Handbook of Necessary Knowledge", normal blood pressure in newborns is 70 mm Hg. Normal blood pressure in a child who is one year old: boys - 96/66 (upper / lower), girls - 95/65.

Normal blood pressure in a 10-year-old child is 103/69 in boys and 103/70 in girls.

Normal blood pressure in young people of 20 years old: in boys - 123/76, in girls - 116/72.

Normal blood pressure for those who are about 30 years old: for men - 126/79, for young women - 120/75.

In a middle-aged man: in 40-year-old men 129/81, in 40-year-old women 127/80.

For fifty-year-old men and women: Pressure is considered normal for men 135/83 and for women 137/84.

For the elderly:

The following pressure is considered normal: for 60-year-old men 142/85, for women of the same age 144/85.

For older people who have turned 70 years old: normal pressure is 145/82 for men and 159/85 for women. What is the normal blood pressure of an old or elderly person? For 80-year-old people, pressure 147/82 and 157/83 for men and women, respectively, is considered normal. For elderly ninety-year-old grandfathers, normal pressure is 145/78, and for grandmothers of the same age - 150/79 mm. rt. pillar. Blood pressure consists of two numbers, the upper number is the renal pressure, the lower number is the heart pressure.

How to measure pressure?

There is a special device for measuring blood pressure - a tonometer. At home, it is most convenient to use an automatic or semi-automatic device.

To get correct results, the following guidelines must be followed:

before measuring pressure, physical activity must be completely excluded;

no smoking;

measuring blood pressure immediately after eating will also give incorrect results;

measure blood pressure while sitting in a comfortable chair;

the back should have support;

the hand on which the measurement is taken must be at the level of the heart, i.e. pressure is measured while sitting at the table;

when measuring pressure, you need to remain motionless and not talk;

indicators are taken from both hands (measurement interval is 10 minutes)

What to do if the pressure is high (help):

1. It is necessary to pour hot water with a temperature of 37-40 ° C into a bowl or a bucket and immerse your feet in the water. While the water cools down - it will take about 20 minutes - the pressure will drop by 15-20 mm. If a person has varicose veins on the legs, you can lower your elbows into the water.

2. Dill seeds reduce blood pressure. You need to steam them with boiling water, taking 2 tbsp. spoons for 0.5 liters of boiling water, drink 1-2 teaspoons at a pressure of up to 200 mm and 3-4 tsp. at higher pressure.

3. Add 1 tsp to kefir. cinnamon, drink this drink 1 glass for 3 months. The pressure should stabilize.

There is one very simple and incredibly effective recipe for traditional medicine that will help bring blood pressure back to normal, well, at least for a couple of years. And besides, it doesn't cost a dime. So the composition of the broth: take 5 tablespoons of pine needles, 2 tablespoons of rose hips and 2 tablespoons of onion husks. Pour all this with 1 liter of cold water, bring to a boil and simmer over low heat, covered for 10 minutes. Let it brew and strain. You can add a little water. Drink it all in 2 days. The course of such treatment is 4 months. Improvement can occur within 5 days - the headaches will go away, and after a month you can try to gradually cancel antihypertensive drugs. The stool will become regular, which means that the intestines and liver are also cleansed. This broth has immuno-strengthening properties, is a prophylactic agent against influenza. It has a good diuretic effect. It will help with painful bleeding of the gums.

In adulthood, every woman has to deal with both external and internal signs of aging. In external manifestations, it is a fight against wrinkles, skin aging, dull and brittle hair, bad nails, etc. In this fight, the effect is often achieved with the help of creams, masks, and other cosmetic procedures.

The fight against internal aging is considered much more serious in 60 years for women. Of course, you can surrender to the will of nature and accept all changes as something natural. But having made such a decision, you need to understand that the wear and tear of the body will not go unnoticed - they will definitely negatively affect your well-being. Indeed, by age, you need to be prepared for the development of a mass of diseases. Another question is whether it is necessary to torment oneself in this way at sixty, if it is possible to prevent this suffering in time and alleviate it.

For 60-year-olds, the development of many diseases associated with different organ systems is characteristic. In particular, it is especially necessary to pay attention to the pressure in women. It is this that is often a direct signal of the presence of a serious disease, or it can cause the development of such.

Indicators of the norm

Usually, a person's pressure, according to medical standards, should be in the range of 120 to 80. If the tonometer shows this value during measurement, the doctor considers it normal. However, it has long been proven that normal pressure for each person can be different, especially at different ages. So, for some, the norm is really included in medical standards, while others, on the contrary, may feel sick with such an indicator. So, a woman can feel great all her life with a score of 90/60 or 150/90. And there will be no complaints.

Therefore, scientists and physicians, determining what pressure a healthy person should have, nevertheless came to the conclusion that there may be deviations from previous standards. Now a person's blood pressure is the one at which he is fully functional and feels great. In this case, the indicator of the individual norm should be repeated over a long period, and not appear periodically (once a week, month, etc.).

Deviations from normal values \u200b\u200bin women over the age of 60 can increase the risk of developing serious diseases. Therefore, you cannot let your health take its course, it is better to use a tonometer once again and visit a doctor than to turn into an old woman full of diseases at 65 years old.

Danger of lowered

If the arterial blood flow moves weakly and has a sluggish effect on the vessel walls, then the tonometer will display low readings. You won't have to argue about what pressure is considered low. Usually, this is 100/60 or 90/50, there are times when the indicator reaches only 80/40 (which is already critical). Of course, it is considered low if it differs sharply from what is customary for a particular woman (by about 20%).

Outwardly, it manifests itself in weakness, general weakness, light dizziness, increased drowsiness.

The main danger is that the strength of the blood flow decreases and the brain does not receive enough blood, it experiences oxygen starvation. The blood circulation throughout the body also deteriorates, especially in the limbs. That is why those with a low blood pressure of 60 often feel freezing cold in their hands and feet (regardless of the time of year and ambient temperature).

The main causes of low blood pressure in a woman can be pathological and non-pathological. Non-pathological ones include:

• Prolonged adherence to bed rest,
• Fever,
• Pregnancy (rarely at 60)
• Active sports,
• A sharp rise from a lying state.

The pathological causes of hypotension are as follows:

• Heart diseases,
• Neurological diseases
• Bleeding,
• Taking painkillers, antidepressants and other medications.

You can increase blood pressure at home with a cup of coffee with dark chocolate, honey, morning exercises, a contrast shower, and also taking homeopathic remedies.

The danger of increased

A strong arterial current, a large force of heart contraction, can lead to a strong effect on the walls of blood vessels. As a result, when measuring pressure, the result will be increased. It is believed that by age, the tendency to increase indicators up to 150-160 / 90-100 is quite typical. However, it is dangerous if the tonometer data displays 200-220 / 140-150. This already indicates the presence of hypertension.

Hypertension after 60 is dangerous because it affects vision (it can even provoke blindness), the state of blood vessels, renal and heart failure develops, and the supply of blood to the brain worsens. Against the background of hypertension, a heart attack may develop. Lack of timely treatment is often fatal.

The first symptoms appear as follows:

• Weakness,
• Sleep disturbance,
• Fast fatiguability,
• Headaches, pressing character, dizziness,
• The appearance of "flies" before the eyes,
• Numbness in fingers and toes
• Feeling of a rush of blood to the head.

Unfortunately, among the population of the modern world, the percentage of hypertensive patients is very high and it has not yet been possible to reduce it.

Doctors identify the causes of high blood pressure in women associated with a genetic predisposition, as well as with a lifestyle. And if the genetic predisposition is difficult to correct, then you can avoid hypertension by adjusting your lifestyle.

So, the reasons for high blood pressure are as follows:

• Constant stress, anxiety, emotional breakdowns,
• Sedentary lifestyle,
• Excessive alcohol addiction
• Improper nutrition, presence of salty and fatty foods on the menu,
• Smoking,
• Obesity, overweight.

Prevention of hypertension - a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, minimizing the likelihood of stress and anxiety. You can not neglect also a visit to a doctor who can prescribe effective treatment. Every woman needs to understand that taking care of her health is not only good health today, but also a long life ahead.

Pressure in the elderly

In this article, you will learn:

What is normal blood pressure in older people?

How to correctly measure blood pressure in an elderly person

Is low blood pressure dangerous in older people?

How to increase blood pressure at home for an elderly person

What to do if an elderly person has high blood pressure

What drugs to take

A stable emotional and physical state will bring a person normal pressure, depending on many factors. And blood pressure in the elderly can either decrease or increase up to several times a day. Pressure is divided into high and low. When the blood pressure and pulse in older people deviates from the norm, it causes weakness, dizziness, makes them feel unwell, loss of strength and apathy. If you do not take any action when the first prerequisites arise, then the pressure in the elderly can turn into serious troubles.

What pressure should be normal in older people?

Arteries - these are large vessels that are located next to the skin, which is why it is quite easy for an elderly person to determine and, especially, raise the pressure at home.

The movement of blood still occurs in the small capillaries and veins present in the body, due to which blood pressure is often referred to as "blood pressure". In small vessels, it is measured under special conditions and with special devices, which is very difficult to do without a combination of these components.

With a certain strength and speed, the heart tends to contract, and it is at the moment of contraction that blood is thrown into the arterial system. It has different properties for each person and in different ways the walls of blood vessels can react to this surge. Blood pressure in the elderly reacts sharply to such an ongoing process.

So, blood pressure is a process when blood puts pressure on the walls of blood vessels with a certain force.

Several factors influence this process:

Atherosclerotic changes - the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels decreases;

The elasticity of the vascular walls - the blood vessels wear out and no longer withstand the load, which causes high blood pressure in the elderly or hypertension;

The endocrine glands get sick;

Sudden stretching or constriction of blood vessels during a moment of emotional stress, when strong emotions, such as fear or rage, involuntarily flare up. During hormonal changes, vascular deformations also occur;

The properties of the heart to shrink and distribute the correct movement of blood throughout all vessels in each individual organism;

Rheological properties of blood. When the blood becomes thick, it can clot, its movement through the vessels becomes difficult to pass, which can lead to diabetes mellitus and spikes in blood pressure. Doctors sometimes advise to thin the blood with leeches.

What is normal blood pressure in older people?

The optimal pressure has a certain range of indicators, due to which the pressure of elderly people can vary quite strongly directly from age, gender, climatic conditions and nutrition. In addition, there are a number of factors that affect this conditional taken medical norm, which is considered to be a pressure of 120/80 mm Hg (Hg). This is the average indicator of a completely healthy person.

Consider the approximate blood pressure in the elderly in the table below:

Arterial pressure	Lower indicator (mmHg.)	Top indicator (mmHg.)
Normal blood pressure
Low normal blood pressure
Hypotension, low blood pressure	less than 100/60
Increased normal blood pressure
Hypertension, high blood pressure		more than 140/90

Depending on the age category, blood pressure also has a conditional medical norm:

From the above tables, you can see that blood pressure indicators increase with the age of a person, as changes occur in the body: the contraction of the heart changes the rhythm, blood vessels lose their elasticity, and much more. Low blood pressure in an elderly person has to be raised, as well as high pressure - to decrease.

In order to determine your own norm for each individual person, it is necessary to systematically measure the pressure with a special device and do not forget to always record the indicators. If you have some symptoms, such as lethargy, fatigue, headaches, or just feeling unwell, it is worth taking your own blood pressure at home for several days before calling a doctor or going to the local clinic. Knowing your rate, revealed by regular measurement, you can easily determine whether it is worth taking pressure medications for older people or you can do without them for now.

How to correctly measure blood pressure in an elderly person

There are many ways to measure blood pressure. And the doctor, who must correctly recommend pressure pills for the elderly for the sake of improving their well-being, primarily relies on the readings of the devices. Therefore, it is very important to do it correctly in order to accurately diagnose the disease and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

There are manual, automatic and electronic blood pressure monitors that measure a person's pressure.

In the manual method, a cuff is put on the arm above the elbow, with the other hand air is pumped through the pear, and the readings will be shown by an arrow on a special device. This method requires some skill, but it is quite reliable and accurate when indicated.

An automatic tonometer is the same method as a manual one, only the blood pressure readings can be seen on an electronic display, which will additionally show the pulse.

The electronic tonometer itself pumps air, it is enough to turn on the button on the electronic board. All indicators will be immediately visible on the scoreboard.

The last two methods are very convenient, good and give accurate readings, but you need to carefully monitor the battery and sometimes carry out preventive maintenance to be sure of the correct readings of the device. After all, it is precisely based on numbers and indications that the attending physician prescribes pressure pills for the elderly and can be held responsible for their actions.

When measuring blood pressure in humans, some guidelines must be followed:

About half an hour before the start of the measurement, stop any physical work and stress, do not eat food, coffee, do not smoke, try not to be exposed to emotional distress;

During the measurement period with the device, sit in a fairly relaxed position, do not cross your legs;

Maintain a static pose during measurement for accurate readings and do not talk;

The hand on which the cuff is put on should rest on a table or other surface and be at chest level, while keeping your back straight;

It is necessary to measure on two hands with a short time interval, for example, 5-10 minutes.

If a deviation from the standards given in the tables above is noticed, it is necessary to check the pressure measuring device for breakage and make sure that the device reads correctly. If high or low blood pressure is confirmed, consult a doctor immediately.

Is low blood pressure dangerous in older people?

Constant low blood pressure in older people can cause considerable harm to the body, although people who, on the contrary, suffer from high blood pressure, do not see this as a problem. It causes chronic fatigue syndrome, the elderly person feels overwhelmed, not in the mood, he develops a state of depression, in which he becomes unable to feel emotions and loses vitality.

With low blood pressure, hypotension, nocturnal sleep disturbance may occur, and, conversely, daytime sleepiness, absent-mindedness, memory impairment. Thermoregulation is impaired, sweating of the limbs of the body occurs. Pains appear in the pericardial space, and the work of the gastrointestinal tract may also be disrupted.

All of these health problems have their reasons, which could be stressful situations, heredity, malfunctioning of the immune system, various injuries and even unhealthy diet.

Against the background of all these symptoms, the elderly person does not tolerate low blood pressure, it would seem, is not so difficult, but hypotension must be treated, preferably when the first complaints occur. It is imperative to undergo an examination, as a result of which the doctor will prescribe pressure medications for the elderly and recommend possible ways to increase blood pressure. It is the doctor who will determine the reasons, tell and explain how to raise the pressure for an elderly person to more actively perform simple household chores.

How to raise blood pressure for an elderly person

In the case when there is a decrease in pressure in an elderly person and it is necessary to urgently take some measures, then there are a number of methods that can be applied at home. Herbal remedies contain chemicals that can increase blood pressure. Simple salt, when placed under the tongue, can raise pressure.

A very effective and quick way is a cup of brewed coffee and a small dose of cognac. These remedies should not be abused, especially in old age, as both coffee and alcohol harm the stomach and liver. Very often, the doctor prescribes pressure medicine for the elderly to increase blood pressure, which contain caffeine.

Plain cinnamon also has the ability to help with hypotension. A decoction is prepared from it: 0.25 teaspoon of cinnamon powder is brewed in 200 g of water. The broth must be allowed to settle and add 1-2 tablespoons of honey to it. You can drink chilled half an hour before breakfast and half an hour before bedtime. This simple method is quite effective and it is not recommended to use it often, only in cases of severe and frequent pressure increase.

How to slightly improve your well-being at home, what to do when there is low blood pressure in an elderly person and lethargy occurs? You can eat a spoonful of honey with a small slice of bread sprinkled with cinnamon powder.

In hot climates and during periods of high temperature, drink cool water and other liquids if the pressure has dropped due to loss of moisture in the body;

Decoctions of herbs that can be brewed and consumed in drops work well - 30-40 drops half an hour before meals (ginseng, eleutherococcus, leuzea, licorice root, lemongrass, rhodiola rosea);

To do massage - ordinary and hydromassage, also rub the palms and feet;

To do acupressure - press the center of the back of the head with the pillows of the fingers and press down on the carotid artery on the neck on both sides simultaneously.

It must be remembered that it is the doctor who makes the diagnosis of primary or symptomatic (secondary) hypotension and determines the reasons when low blood pressure in the elderly turns into a chronic disease and gives recommendations on what to do in this case.

It is advisable to move more, do any kind of sports, aerobics, go to a fitness club, swimming pool. However, when performing any exercise, you should monitor your condition. Exercise and sports activities disperse stagnant blood and trigger a more harmonious work of the body.

With all this, when there is low blood pressure in the elderly, and this is included in the category of a normal state for a person, it is not recommended to jump out of bed in the morning, but it is worthwhile to lie down for a while and let the body adapt to a new day. Sleep is desirable for about 8-9 hours.

Anti-pressure drugs for the elderly are available in pharmacies - citramone, ortho-taurine, regulton, saparal, piracetam, cinnarizine. However, it is worth remembering that only a cardiologist or attending physician can prescribe the correct treatment, all the more so to choose the optimal dose for the drug.

High blood pressure in an elderly person: what to do

When blood pressure exceeds the norm of 140/90 mm Hg. Art., it has the scientific term hypertension. High blood pressure in the elderly has become a very progressive disease of our time, and the number of people suffering from this disease is growing exponentially.

Hypertension - one of the most intractable diseases, and there can be quite a lot of reasons preceding its appearance:

Obesity and overweight;

Drinking alcohol and smoking;

Sedentary lifestyle;

Eating a lot of table salt in food;

Hereditary diseases and predisposition;

Diseases of the endocrine glands and organs;

Stress, trauma and emotional stress;

Various additional factors.

It is very important to find the cause of the increased blood pressure, and it is the knowledge of this fact that will help keep the disease under control of hypertension. Under the guidance of your doctor, you must take all appropriate measures to prevent the risk of possible complications in the future.

When there is high blood pressure in the elderly for a long time, this is probably preceded by such manifestations as dizziness, headache, migraine, sleep may also be disturbed and shortness of breath may appear.

For patients with hypertension, changes in the retina of the eyeball are possible, which can lead to loss of vision. In addition, heart failure weakens the work of the main internal organ - the heart, and cardiovascular diseases occur. The brain does not receive sufficient blood supply and pathologies and disorders of the entire membrane system are possible.

Persistent high blood pressure in an elderly person can cause a hypertensive crisis (HA). This is a very dangerous condition when blood pressure rises sharply and suddenly, renal and cerebral circulation is affected, which can lead to pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, stroke and myocardial infarction. At the same time, each elderly person will perceive high blood pressure differently.

Readings in numbers can vary greatly. One person will feel very bad at 150/85 mm Hg. Art., and in another organism at a pressure of 200/150 mm Hg. Art. will still function quite normally.

Of course, the hypertensive crisis most often occurs at a later stage of hypertension, however, sometimes it can develop even in a completely healthy person.

Some reasons that can serve as the development of a hypertensive crisis:

Emotional stress and overload of the body,

Improper physical activity,

Climatic changes and abrupt weather changes,

Drinking alcohol, smoking,

Eating a lot of salt

Incorrectly selected antihypertensive drugs,

Diseases of the endocrine system and internal organs.

Often, when HA occurs, when high blood pressure in an elderly person exceeds all permissible norms, he may experience panic attacks, feel a sharp headache, which is accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and partial loss of vision. Further, the development of HA leads to increased sweating, a person loses moisture abundantly, tremors of the arms and legs appear, chills or high fever occurs, and the pulse quickens. Loss of consciousness is not uncommon in the development of a hypertensive crisis, and sometimes a person can fall into a coma.

First aid is imperative in this condition. Since this happens suddenly, then, perhaps, in addition to emergency assistance, a person will urgently need hospitalization and the first thing to do is to take the necessary antihypertensive drug prescribed by the attending physician and call emergency help.

If a person is shivering, he should be wrapped up, laid on a flat surface, and his head raised. Do not give in to panic and provide the patient with the necessary peace, being close to him.

An elderly person urgently needs to lower blood pressure with a drug, so we will look at some antihypertensive drugs that reduce the risk of illness.

What kind of medicine for pressure for the elderly is prescribed in case of its increase

Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensive system

Renin - a substance present in the blood, which, when interacting with angiotensinogen, another blood plasma protein, forms the inactive substance angiotensin I. When contact with angiotesin-converting enzyme (ACE) occurs, it passes into the active substance angiotensin II, which is the most potent vasoconstrictor in the body ...

Some types of drugs retain renin, which is the only drug (aliskiren). Aliskiren is used in a complex in the treatment of hypertension and costs a lot of money. Other drugs inhibit ACE, while others interfere with the activity of receptors that angiotensin II acts on.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

The drugs of this group do not allow angiotensin I to pass into active angiotensin II. Then the substance angiotensin II decreases in the blood, as a result of which the vessels begin to expand and the pressure in the elderly person finally drops.

Representatives (we give synonyms for drugs with identical chemical composition in brackets):

Captopril (kapoten) - dosage 25 mg, 50 mg;

Enalapril (renitek, berlipril, renipril, ednit, enap, enarenal, enam) - the dosage is most often 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg;

Perindopril (pretarium A, perineva);

Lisinopril (diroton, dapril, lysigamma, lisinotone) - usually a dosage of 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg;

Ramipril (tritace, amprilan, hartil, pyramil) - more often in dosages of 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg;

Fosinopril (fosicard, monopril) - usually at a dosage of 10 mg, 20 mg;

Zofenopril (zocardis) - usually a dosage of 7.5 mg, 30 mg;

Quinapril (Accupro) 10 mg

Trandolapril (Hopten) 2 mg

The dosages of the drugs are specially made for the convenience of treating high blood pressure at different stages.

Captopril (kapoten) is prescribed by a qualified doctor when the pressure of the elderly rises sharply. It is used directly in hypertensive crises, since the effect of the drug is short-lived.

Enalapril tablets for pressure for the elderly are classified as ACE blockers, they are recommended to be used 2 times a day, since they do not cause prolonged action. Generics of enalapril are also used in pharmacology, they are more affordable in the price range. They are produced by small pharmaceutical companies as analogues of drugs containing enalapril.

In any case, only after using the medicine for one or two weeks can you see the result from the use of ACE inhibitor drugs.

The rest of the drugs for pressure for the elderly, the list of which is given above, does not differ much. The only thing to remember is that a dry cough may appear as a side effect some time after the use of ACE inhibitors. After a month of taking the medicine, this unpleasant consequence is usually observed. If the cough continues and does not come to naught, the doctor will recommend changing the ACE inhibitor to a drug of a different group.

Angiotensive receptor blockers (antagonists) (sartans)

These pressure medications for the elderly should only be evaluated after a short period of time, as their effect will not be immediately apparent. They do not obviously bring results, they are more expensive, but an irritated throat caused by a dry cough will not be observed.

If you hold sartans, then the vessels will not narrow. Then angiotensin II will interact with angiotensin receptors, and the pressure will not rise.

Representatives:

Irbesartan (April) -150 mg, 300 mg;

Losartan (kosaar, lozap, lorista, vazotens) - different dosages;

Eprosartan (Teveten) 600 mg

Candesartan (atacand) 80 mg, 160 mg, 320 mg

Telmisartan (Micardis) - 40 mg, 80 mg;

Olmesartan (cardosal) - 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg;

Valsartan (Diovan, Valsacor, Valz, Nortivan, Valsafors) - different dosages.

Calcium channel blockers

Calcium channel blockers reduce the stress on the cardiovascular system. They are widely used for hypertension, arrhythmias, angina pectoris. When the vessels are dilated, the arteries stop resisting the movement of blood.

In another way, they are called calcium ion antagonists. The chemical compounds contained in these drugs block the channels through which calcium moves, which is attached to the cell membrane. So, the contractile protein actomyosin ceases to form, the vessels dilate, blood pressure drops, the pulse becomes less rapid (antiarrhythmic action).

Representatives:

Nifedipine (adalat, cordaflex, cordafen, cordipine, corinfar, nifecard, fenigidin) - the dosage is mainly 10 mg, 20 mg;

Amlodipine (Norvasc, Normodipine, Tenox, Cordi Cor, Es Cordi Cor, Cardilopin, Kalchek, Amlotop, Omelar Cardio, Amlovas) - dosage is mainly 5 mg, 10 mg;

Felodipine (plendil, felodip) - 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg;

Nimodipine (nimotop) - 30 mg;

Lacidipine (lazipil, sakur) - 2 mg, 4 mg;

Lercanidipine (Lerkamen) - 20 mg

All dihydropyridine calcium antagonists, except nifedipine, have good productivity and last longer. There is a small side effect here - puffiness, which can occur when you start using the drugs. Usually, swelling by the end of the week ceases to appear and subsides. If, after seven days, the swelling does not decrease, it is advisable to replace the drug with another.

Nifedipine, a dihydropyridine derivative, has many side effects, such as an increased heart rate. Highly qualified cardiologists do not recommend using this drug in the event of a hypertensive crisis. On top of that, its effect does not last long.

Pulse-reducing blockers should be used for arrhythmias:

Verapamil (isoptin SR, verogalide EP) - 240 mg;

Diltiazem (altiazem PP) - 180 mg

Alpha blockers

There is a movement of norepinephrine in the blood, and when alpha-adrenergic blockers dock with alpha-adrenergic receptors, this does not allow them to combine with norepinephrine, then blood pressure begins to decrease.

The representative used is doxazosin, which is an alpha-blocker (also cardura, tonocardin). It is available in dosages of 1 mg, 2 mg. The drug promotes the expansion of blood vessels that are in the side and is used in long-term treatment, prevents the occurrence of new attacks. Many drugs containing alpha blockers are not available today.

Beta-blockers

They are divided into different types (groups), since they act selectively on receptor subtypes. Beta-blockers are actively used in the treatment of hypertension, when several types of diseases progress together. Renin-angiotensin is no longer produced in the kidneys due to the action of drugs that interfere with the synthesis of prorenin. Beta-blockers inhibit certain types of adrenergic receptors. Blood pressure will decrease due to vasodilation.

For diseases such as diabetes mellitus or bronchial asthma, beta-blockers are contraindicated.

Representatives:

Nebivolol (nebilet, binelol) 5 mg

Betaxolol (Lokren) - 20 mg;

Metoprolol (betaloc ZOK, egilok retard, vazocardin retard, metocard retard) - various dosages;

Bisoprolol (concor, coronal, biol, bisogamma, cordinorm, niperten, biprol, bidop, aritel) - usually a dosage of 5 mg, 10 mg;

Carvedilol (carvetrend, coriol, talliton, dilatrend, acridiol) - most often the dosage is 6.25 mg, 12.5 mg, 25 mg.

In hypertension, anaprilin (obzidan), propranolol, atenolol, which are not included in the group of these representatives, are ineffective in the use.

Diuretics (diuretics)

Diuretics prescribed by a doctor remove excess water from the body, as well as chemical compounds, salts, sodium ions accumulated in the vessels. In the work of the heart, potassium ions are needed, it must be preserved, and with the use of drugs, it can be washed out. Potassium is also taken in combination with other diuretics.

Representatives:

Indapamide (indap, ionic retard, arifon retard, acripamide retard, ravel SR, indapamide MV) - basically a dosage of 1.5 mg.

Triampur (a combination diuretic containing potassium-sparing triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide);

Spironolactone (veroshpiron, aldactone);

Hydrochlorothiazide (hypothiazide) - 25 mg, 100 mg, is a part of combined drugs.

A specialist may prescribe diuretics in combination with antihypertensive drugs. Only the drug indapamide can be used outside the complex.

Fast-acting drugs such as furosemide can be used urgently, only if absolutely necessary.

Centrally acting neurotropic agents and agents acting on the central nervous system

Stress is often the cause of hypertension. In this case, the central nervous system is strongly excited, and various neurotropic drugs affect the central nervous system. Sleeping and sedative medications and drugs slow down the activity of the vasomotor center in the brain.

Representatives:

Moxonidine (physiotens, moxonitex, moxogamma) - 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg;

Rilmenidine (Albarel (1mg) 1mg

Methyldopa (dopegit) 250 mg

Previously, the drug clonidine was very widely used and enjoyed great popularity. Its action is very strong, and the normal dose can easily be exceeded, leading to coma. Nowadays, clonidine can only be prescribed by a doctor and is available by prescription.

Why are several drugs taken at once for hypertension

As soon as some recurring symptom develops, you should see your doctor. He may prescribe one drug to use. As we have already said, it is necessary first of all to identify the cause of the onset of the disease. In the case when the effect of one drug is ineffective or ineffective in full, the doctor recommends a complex of drugs, consisting of 2-3, so that the pressure in the elderly person decreases quickly. They will act on the various mechanisms discussed in this article and help lower blood pressure.

The doctor combines drugs from different groups:

ACE inhibitor / calcium channel blocker / beta-blocker;

ACE inhibitor / diuretic;

ACE inhibitor / calcium channel blocker;

ACE inhibitor / calcium channel blocker / diuretic andothers combinations;

Angiotensin receptor blocker / diuretic;

Angiotensin receptor blocker / calcium channel blocker / beta-blocker.

Drugs for hypertension and their complexes are prescribed only by a doctor!

What works for one person does not always work for another, and sometimes advice from others is detrimental to health. Not knowing the hidden diseases of another person can greatly harm the body. For example, when diagnosed with diabetes, there are prohibited combinations of drugs.

Beta-blockers / calcium channel blockers, pulsating, beta-blockers / centrally acting drugs and some other combinations in combination are not advisable in the treatment of hypertension. It is worth remembering this and contacting specialists for help.

Hypertension is a serious medical condition. Knowing all the reasons that a highly qualified cardiologist will pay attention to will help to successfully complete the course of treatment. It is important to remember that the drugs for pressure for the elderly, the list of which is present here, is indicative and does not serve as a guide to use.

Are there drugs that combine substances from different groups? Yes, hypertensive patients can be answered that combined drugs are used in medicine, they combine the components of different types of antihypertensive drugs.

ACE inhibitor / diuretic:

• Enalapril / hydrochlorothiazide (co-renitec, enap NL, enap N, enap NL 20, renipril GT);

  Enalapril / indapamide (Enzix duo, Enzix duo forte);

  Lisinopril / hydrochlorothiazide (iruzid, lisinotone, lithen N);

  Perindopril / indapamide (noliprel and noliprel forte);

  Quinapril / hydrochlorothiazide (accusid);

  Fosinopril / hydrochlorothiazide (fosicard H).

Angiotensin receptor blocker / diuretic:

• Losartan / hydrochlorothiazide (gizaar, lozap plus, lorista N, lorista ND);

  Eprosartan / hydrochlorothiazide (teveten plus);

  Valsartan / hydrochlorothiazide (co-diovan);

  Irbesartan / hydrochlorothiazide (coaprovel);

  Candesartan / hydrochlorothiazide (atacand plus);

  Telmisartan / HCT (micardis plus).

ACE inhibitor / calcium channel blocker:

• Trandolapril / verapamil (tarka);

  Lisinopril / amlodipine (equator).

Angiotensin receptor blocker / calcium channel blocker:

• Valsartan / amlodipine (exforge).

1. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker / beta-blocker:

   • Felodipine / metoprolol (Logimax).

2. Beta blocker / diuretic (not for diabetes and obesity):

   • Bisoprolol / hydrochlorothiazide (lodoz, aritel plus).

Blood pressure is an important indicator of the health of the heart and blood vessels. The age norm for women is the same for all, only small deviations are allowed. A strong increase or decrease in indicators indicates serious pathologies. do not go unnoticed by the patient, as they cause a deterioration in well-being.

What is blood pressure?

Arterial pressure - This is an indicator of the work of the heart. In other words, it is the force of blood pressure on the vascular walls. To assess the functionality of the heart muscle, 2 indicators are always taken into account:

1. Systolic pressure (upper).
2. Diastolic (lower).

The upper blood pressure reflects the moment of systole (contraction of the heart muscle). It indicates what is the minimum resistance of the peripheral vessels during contraction of the heart muscle. The lower arterial pressure shows with what force the vessels resist the push of the blood during diastole (when the myocardium relaxes).

If we subtract the lower indicator from the upper pressure indicator, we get pulse pressure... Its average norm ranges from 35 to 50 mm Hg, indicators vary depending on age. Heart rate (pulse) and blood pressure are inextricably linked, they are the main indicators of the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. However, when the heart rate drops or rises, the pressure does not necessarily change.

Pressure standards by age (table)

Doctors consider BP to be normal in an adult in the range from 115/75 to 120/80. A normal heart rate is between 60 and 90 beats per minute. At different ages, the indicators of the norm are different. So in children under one year old, the pressure is low, this is due to the fact that the child's blood vessels have not yet grown stronger. At the same time, the heart rate in infants is significantly higher than in adults. As a child grows up, his blood vessels become stronger, their resistance increases, so blood pressure also increases.

What is the normal pressure for a person? Figures by age are shown in the table:

pressure from age table

Small deviations have nothing to do with diseases. If at the age of 30 a person has a pressure of 126 to 86, 113 to 80 or 115 to 85, this is normal.

Blood pressure indicators for a child:

• Up to 12 months - 70 40.
• From 1 year to 5 - 99 59.
• From 5 to 9 years old - 105 65.
• From 9 to 15 years old - 119 69.

If the child's indicators are below the norm for age, then this indicates that his cardiovascular system develops more slowly. If there are no other pathologies, then no treatment is required. As the baby grows, the vessels will get stronger and the indicators will normalize.

In adult men and women, a slight deviation from the norm is not a pathology. In an adult man, the pressure is always higher than that of a woman, since his height and muscle mass are much higher than that of a woman, so the heart pumps more blood, and the resistance of the vessels increases accordingly.

Contrary to popular belief, headache does not always indicate an increase in blood pressure. It can be associated with spasms of the muscles of the head or other factors. With VSD, jumps in blood pressure are due to a violation of the regulation of vascular tone. This is due to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. The patient also has:

• tachycardia;
• breathing disorder;
• panic attacks;
• increased sweating;
• indigestion;
• fainting.