The conquest of everest. The youngest record holders in interesting areas (photo) The youngest suicide child

Everest is the world's highest peak located in the Himalayas. Every year, a great many professional climbers and extreme lovers try to conquer it. But is it that simple? Of course, such ascents require certain knowledge and thorough preparation.

The first attempt to measure the height of Everest was recorded in 1856 - according to the data obtained, the height of the summit was 29,000 feet (8,839 meters). However, according to measurements taken by Chinese scientists during the expedition to Mount Everest in May
2005, the height of the mountain was 8844.43 meters (± 21 cm) above sea level.

At the highest point of the mountain, you will only be breathing in a third of the oxygen you normally breathe. This is due to low air pressure.

Every year since 1969, at least one person has died while climbing Mount Everest. The only year without deaths on the mountain was 1977.

At times, the speed of wind gusts on the mountain reaches almost 200 km / h, and the temperature drops to -40 ° C.

According to statistics, for every 10 successful ascents of Everest, there is one fatal case.

On the slopes of the mountain rests in total about 200 dead bodies that are physically impossible to lower and put into burial. They are a kind of landmarks for the conquerors of Everest.

In 1980, Reinhold Messner, an Italian of German origin, amazed the whole world by the fact that he managed to climb the summit alone and without oxygen cylinders.

In May 2001, 23-year-old Marco Siffredi descended from the planet's highest peak on a snowboard along the Norton couloir, which runs along the center of Mount Everest's North Face. In 2002, he again decided to conquer the summit, but disappeared without a trace.

80 years - the age of the oldest conqueror of Everest - the Japanese Yuichiro Miura.

Well, the youngest climber to climb Mount Everest was 13-year-old American Jordan Romero, who managed to break the record set before him by 15-year-old Nepalese Ming Kipa.

In 2011, the first message posted directly from the summit of Mount Everest appeared on Twitter. User Kenton Cool wrote: “9 times on top of Everest! The first tweet from the top of the world thanks to a weak 3G signal. "

Everest gets about 4 millimeters taller every year due to the movement of two tectonic plates.

On Google, you can see images from Everest - but no photos of the summit. In 2011, the Google team spent 2 weeks walking about 140 kilometers and taking many pictures along the way.

Tim McCartney-Snape and Greg Mortimer became the first Australians to climb the summit, and at the same time, the first to climb the North Face without oxygen (May 1990).

In the summer of 2013, the first phone call was made from the summit of Mount Everest. The Nepalese authorities, however, were not impressed by this and even declared the incident illegal.

In 2007, Bear Grylls became the first person in the world to climb on a paramotor in the Himalayas above Mount Everest.

In 1999, Nepalese Babu Chiri Sherpa spent more than 21 hours on the summit of Mount Everest without using oxygen equipment. He also set a speed record, reaching the summit in 16 hours 56 minutes.

Nepalese Moni Mule Pati and Pem Georgie Sherpa became the first couple in history to get married on top of the world (2004).

There are also "traffic jams" on Everest. Sometimes hundreds of tourists want to conquer the peak at the same time.

Everest got its name from the British geographer George Everest in 1856.

1974 was the last year in history for which no one ever conquered Everest.

Mount Everest is the highest point on the planet. Its height, according to various sources, ranges from 8844 to 8852 meters. Everest is located in the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and China. On the summit of Everest, located in China, strong winds blow at a speed of up to 200 km / h, and the air temperature at night drops to -60 ° C.

The history of conquering the highest point of the planet began in 1920, when the Dalai Lama first admitted British climbers here. According to statistics, since then about 1500 people have climbed the mountain ...
... and remained there forever, according to various estimates, from 120 to 200 people of different nationalities (including Russians). On Everest, both beginners and experienced climbers die. But not many people know that the dead remain where fate overtook them. Everest has long turned into a cemetery. The bodies lie on the slopes of Everest for years, and some for decades, and no one is in a hurry to lower them down for burial.

Anyone who plans to climb to the top should understand that he has a chance not to return. When you climb, not everything depends on you. Hurricane wind, frozen valve on the oxygen cylinder, incorrect timing, avalanche, exhaustion, and more - all this can lead to the death of the climber.

The first conqueror of Everest and its first victim was the British climber George Mallory. In 1924, he and his group went to the summit, but at an altitude of 8500 meters they lost sight of him, and for as much as 75 years. For many years, they wondered if Mallory had reached the highest point, and only in 1999, his remains were found very close to her. The body with a broken hip was lying towards the top, which means that until the last seconds of his life the Englishman tried to literally crawl up the mountain of his dreams.

Alas, he was not the hero of Everest: only in 1953, New Zealander Edmund Hillary, in conjunction with the Nepalese Sherpa, reached the peak of Everest. And after these two to Everest with different sides daredevils from many countries of the world were selected. For some it became just a personal feat, others set historical records here.

But a person does not always triumph over harsh nature. Submitting to people, the mountain collects ransom with their lives. More than 200 people have died on Everest in 60 years. Until the 90s, the mortality rate here was a record 37%, in recent years it has decreased to 4%.
Even on the neighboring Himalayan peaks, also above 8000 meters, this percentage is higher. But it is on Everest that death takes on the most dramatic connotation. Here people die not only from trauma and fatigue, but often because of the vain indifference of their neighbors.
A simple example: in 1996, a group of Japanese climbers while climbing came across three freezing Indian colleagues. The Japanese went further to the top, all the Indians were killed. In 1998, rock climber Sergei Arsentiev and his American wife Francis made an oxygen-free ascent to Mount Everest, but the mountain did not let them go. The couple missed each other in a snowstorm, Sergei, in search of his wife, disappeared without a trace, his body was found only a few years later. And Francis died on the descent for two days. Several groups passed by without providing any assistance. And only another British couple interrupted their expedition in an attempt to save the dying one. They could no longer do anything, and themselves, almost dying from the cold, returned back. A year later, the Woodhalls nevertheless made their ascent and saw a dead woman in the place where they left her last time. For the next 8 years, they saved money to return to Everest in order to bury Francis. After all, climbing a mountain is not cheap. Just for access to the mountain, the Chinese side charges $ 5500 for a group of 20 people, the Nepalese - about 70 thousand for a team of seven climbers.

Another tragedy of Everest shocked the whole world in 2006. 42 people passed by dying without oxygen, David Sharpe! One of them was the Discovery Channel TV crew, who asked Sharpe a couple of questions, gave him oxygen and left him alone.

Climbing Mount Everest is the dream of many people, both experienced climbers and beginners. Some of them managed to accomplish this dangerous feat, while the rest are still only inspired by their determination and firmness of character.

Mount Everest attracted many visitors and, unfortunately, took many lives along this dangerous path. Nevertheless, the thirst for adventure never ceased to pull with it, and today, Mount Everest is still a big goal for many. In this article, we will talk about the important points associated with the world's tallest mountain.

Mount Everest is the tallest mountain on Earth, reaching 8848 meters above sea level. The first climbers to conquer this peak were New Zealander Edmund Hillary and his guide Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, who ascended it on May 29, 1953 at 11:30 am. And although the success of this venture is attributed to the entire group, Tenzing later admitted that it was Edmund Hillary who first set foot on the top of this mountain!

Mount Everest is part of the Himalayan mountains, it is located between the Sagarmatha zone, Tibet, Nepal and China.

Mount Everest has other names as well! In Tibet, it is known as "Chomolungma" or "Qomolangma". The Chinese translated its name as "Shèngmǔ Fēng", but it is rarely used. Locals in Darjeeling call it "Deodungha" which means "Holy Mountain".

Although Mount Everest is known as the highest peak above sea level, there are actually other high mountains on Earth. If measured from the foot, the highest mountain is the Mauna Kea volcano, located in the Hawaiian Islands. Its height from the base is 10,200 m, but above sea level it rises only 4205 m.

There are two important routes leading to the summit of Mount Everest. One such route runs along the southeastern ridge from Nepal, and the other follows the northeastern ridge from Tibet. The former is believed to be relatively easier to climb. In addition to these routes, there are others that are not used as often.

In addition, on 20 August 1980, Reinhold Messner made his first solo ascent to the summit of Mount Everest. This time he used a rather difficult route, passing through the northwest side.

In 2007, Australian climber Christian Stangi made the fastest ascent of Everest. He climbed to the top along the northeastern ridge.

Many daredevils were destined to die on their way to conquering the highest peak in the world. Many factors could have contributed to this, including a lack of oxygen, extreme weather conditions, exhaustion, frostbite, etc. In 1996 alone, at least 15 people died while trying to climb Mount Everest.

But, despite the consequences, only a few of those who wish are able to resist trying to try their hand at such a dangerous business. In this article, we have only slightly touched on the enormous difficulties that arise before people who risked going beyond the possible.

Youngest killer, college graduate, billionaire and others ...

Society tends to revere youth - it is during this period of life that our bodies are most powerful and beautiful. However, many accomplishments often require learning, preparation, and wisdom. We want to tell you about ten people who achieved success, albeit in some cases very dubious, at a very early age.

1. The youngest serial killer

Anyone who has spent more than ten minutes in the playground knows full well that children can be violent. In fact, many of the antisocial tendencies that ultimately lead to more serious crimes manifest themselves at a very early age: an example is animal bullying - sometimes a boy or girl can even kill a defenseless animal.

However, finding a serial killer who hasn't even reached puberty is extremely difficult. The youngest famous serial killer was eight year old Amardip Sada from Bihar State, India. By the age of eight, Sada had already killed three people, including his young cousin and sister. After killing a neighbor's child, he was taken into custody.

All three were beaten to death with sticks and stones. It is not known what exactly caused Sad's behavior - the police, in response to the press appeal, only replied that this boy "often smiles and asks for cookies."

2. The youngest marathon runner

Any parent who has ever taken a small child for a walk to the park can attest that children are not too hardy. But a little boy named Budha Singh from the state of Orissa, India, does not fall under this stereotype - at the age of three, Singh began to participate in marathons.

The child's mother, a paralyzed beggar, was forced to sell him. The boy eventually ended up with Biranchi Das, an orphanage owner and judo coach. Once Das caught little Budha for an unseemly act and made him run as a punishment - Budha ran for several hours.

By the age of four, he had taken part in 48 marathons. There was some concern that Das was using Budhi's abilities for selfish purposes, so the boy was taken from his care in 2007.

Budha is now in a state boarding school, and Das was killed a year later in an accidental street incident. Interestingly, the state of Orissa is also home to Fayya Singh, the oldest marathon runner in the world who ran a marathon distance over the age of 100.

3. Youngest college graduate

All young prodigies, unfortunately, are characterized by rapid burnout, caused by the enormous amount of work and the complete denial of their own youth. One such child prodigy is Adragon De Mello, who graduated from the University of California at Santa Cruz in 1988 at the age of 11. He was the youngest college graduate in history to receive a bachelor's degree in computational mathematics.

15 years later, instead of changing the world in a secret laboratory, De Mello worked for The Home Depot, a network selling materials for renovation. His record was eventually broken by a boy named Michael Kearney, who graduated from college at the age of ten and received two master's degrees before he came of age. Later, Kearney participated in the "Gold Rush" show, in which he won a million dollars.

4. The youngest conqueror of Everest

In recent years, climbing Mount Everest has become an increasingly commercial enterprise: after Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay climbed Mount Everest in 1953, thousands of people managed to repeat the same achievement.

However, the ascent is still incredibly dangerous: about 10% of climbers die on the slopes of the mountain, trying to conquer it. Given the amount of experience it takes, as well as the cost of the gear (sometimes it costs thousands of dollars to equip it), it's no surprise that most climbers are middle-aged.

One of the youngest conquerors of Everest was TV presenter Bear Grylls, who accomplished his feat in 1998 at the age of 23. But this achievement pales in comparison to Jordan Romero of Big Bear, California, who climbed Mount Everest in May 2010 - Jordan was only 13 years old when he conquered the highest mountain in the world.

After Everest, he also conquered Kilimanjaro, Elbrus, Aconcagua, McKinley, Punchak Jaya and Vinson Massif in Antarctica - all this he managed to do before the age of 15. He is currently working on his autobiographical book, The Boy Who Climbed Everest: The Story of Jordan Romero.

5. Youngest person on the Billboard chart There is no shortage of young musicians, but not all of them hit the charts until they are old enough and popular. That all changed in early 2012 when Blue Ivy Carter, daughter of megastars Jay-Z and Beyoncé, made a cameo for her father's song "Glory" the day after she was born.

The song tells about the love of a father for a child. It even has the words: "The best thing I have created is you." As you'd expect, Blue Ivy's contribution to the music video was minimal, but millions of Jay-Z fans cried. That was enough to secure a spot on the chart and earn the status of the youngest person ever to appear on the Billboard. Together with her father's name, the girl's name was for some time in 74th place among the hundreds of the most popular hits.

6. Youngest drill instructor

Donnie Dunagan was an actor as a child: he starred in the films "Son of Frankenstein" (1939) and "The Tower of London". True, his most famous role was voicing Bambi in the Walt Disney cartoon of the same name. This was his last film role - soon after, his parents divorced, and he had to work and seek refuge in a boarding house. At 18, he joined the Marine Corps and became the youngest drill instructor in the world.

Dunnaghan's military career took him to Vietnam, where he was wounded. He was eventually promoted to major before retiring in 1977. During his stay in marines Donnie kept his work in the cinema a secret - this became known only in June 2005. Now 79 years old, Donnie says he has learned to appreciate his fame.

7. Youngest suicide

Of course, the youngest suicide is a tragic record. It was six-year-old Samantha Cyberski from Oregon, who hanged herself on December 2, 2009.

The first grader was sent to her room after an argument with her mother as punishment, where the girl wrapped a belt around her neck and attached it to the bed. After her seemingly lifeless body was discovered, she was taken to the hospital, where she later died.

Police believed it was an accident, but state medical experts ruled it was suicide, leading to a debate about whether children of this age might even understand the consequences of such a decision.

8. Youngest billionaire Most of us at least sometimes dream of fabulous riches, castles and Ferraris. Unfortunately, the reality is much more severe: few of us become a millionaire, much less a billionaire. Most millionaires have gotten their wealth from a series of smart financial decisions or sheer luck. However, with the advent of the Internet, the number of very young rich people has increased. The most obvious candidate for the title of the world's youngest billionaire at first glance is Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook - he became a billionaire at the age of 23 in 2007 ... However, Zuckerberg had to give part of his fortune to his college roommate Dustin Moskowitz, who came up with the name social network... Despite the fact that Dustin has not worked for the company for a long time, his share as the owner is 6%. And yes - he is exactly eight days younger than Zuckerberg.

Most of us imagine grandmothers as old women, dyeing their hair, baking cookies and sending us 1,000 rubles for our birthday. However, several women became grandmothers before reaching their 20s.

The youngest grandmother in the world is a girl named Mama Tzu, who worked in a brothel in the town of Kalambar, Nigeria. Mom-Tzu at the time of the birth of her daughter was eight years old, and her daughter gave birth to her child at the age of eight and a half years, so Mom-Tzu became a grandmother at the age of 17 - at this age many girls from developed countries do not even have time to lose their virginity.

However, this story took place in the 19th century, and there is no documentary evidence. A more official contender for the title of the youngest grandmother is the Romanian Rifka Stanescu, although she became a grandmother only at 23. Stanescu's grandson, two-year-old Ion, is already engaged to an eight-year-old neighbor.

10. Youngest American WWII veteran

Most 12-year-old boys are interested in games and perhaps a little girls, but Calvin Graham is a completely different character. Graham was enlisted in the US Navy after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. At the age of 12, he participated in the Battle of the Pacific Ocean - during the Battle of Guadalcanal, he acted like a hero and received multiple shrapnel wounds.

I must say that the army did not know anything about his age for the time being. After he was awarded the Orders of Bronze Star and Purple Heart, his mother told the command that her son was, in fact, a minor. Instead of being sent home, the command of the Navy placed the young man under house arrest in his own cabin for three months - for lying.

His childhood decision to serve haunted him for the rest of his life. Graham was stripped of his awards and spent years fighting for medical benefits. He eventually joined the Marines when he was 17, but was forced to retire after being injured in his back.

Over the years, various presidents have interceded for him, including Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. Graham never received his Purple Heart back while he was alive - he was returned the award only after his death, 50 years after receiving.

Today, May 23, 2013, at 9:05 am (local time), the legendary Japanese climber, 80-year-old Yuichiro Miura, ascended the summit of Everest!

With this ascent, Yuichiro Miura rewrote the age record of the conquerors of Everest, becoming the oldest climber to climb its summit!

Yuichiro Miura climbed Mount Everest with the support of his team, in which his 49-year-old son Gota Miura also took part.
In general, the ascent from Base Camp took 8 days. The climbers climbed the last dash to the summit from Camp 5 at an altitude of 8.5 thousand meters in seven hours. The final meters of the distance were complicated by constant strong winds. The ascent was accomplished using oxygen cylinders.

Start of Yuichiro Miura's ascent of Mount Everest, May 2013:

"I did it!" Yuichiro said from the summit of Mount Everest over the phone. "I never thought that it was possible to conquer the summit of Everest at the age of 80 years. It is the most wonderful feeling in the world, although I am completely exhausted. Even at the old age of 80 years I can still do something outstanding."

Yuichiro and his team stayed at the top of Mount Everest for about 30 minutes, taking memorable photos, and then began to descend.

But, this record of Yuichiro Miura can only hold out for a few days, because in the wake of him, on next week he will be able to conquer the summit of Everest, even despite the fact that just a few days ago he suffered a digestive system disorder.

In addition, the team of Min Bahadur Sherkhan faced financial difficulties when they did not receive the financial assistance promised by the government of Nepal (later, Purna Chandra Bhattarai - the head of the mountaineering department of Nepal said that this financial assistance is still pending in the government).

Yuichiro became a famous conqueror of Mount Everest primarily for his first alpine skiing in the history of mountaineering in May 1970.
Yuichiro Miura is sometimes called "the man who first skied down Everest", but more often he is given more ridiculous titles like "the man who first skied (almost head over heels) from Everest."

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It is worth noting that this film won an Oscar in 1975 for Best Documentary.

Note that already in the 2000s, rivalry developed between Yuichiro and Min Bahadur in setting the age record for climbing Mount Everest:

The first to enter the Guinness Book of Records was Yuichiro, who in 2003, at the age of 70, became the oldest person to climb Mount Everest.

In 2008, Yuichiro, at the age of 75, once again climbed Mount Everest with the goal of breaking his own age record; however, literally one day before Yuichiro's ascent, on May 25, 2008, Nepalese climber Min Bahadur Sherchan climbed Mount Everest at the age of 76 years and 340 days, breaking all age records for climbing Mount Everest.

Nevertheless, in 2008, Yuichiro was awarded an entry in the Guinness Book of Records for his conquest of Everest, as the only person in the world to climb Everest twice at the age of more than 70 years.

After his second climb of Mount Everest, Yuichiro planned a "jubilee" ascent at the age of 80; however, in 2009, he was badly injured, falling on alpine skiing: breaking his pelvic bones and left femur. Then, the doctors unequivocally said that they would have to break with climbing the mountains. However, his strong determination and determination to climb Mount Everest refuted the arguments of doctors and skeptics. Just 6 months after the accident, Yuichiro started training again.

By the way, in the Miura family, Yuichiro is not the only record holder, his father, Keizo Miura, is also a very athletic and courageous person.
In 1981, Yuichiro organized an ascent to the highest point in Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro (5895 m). Naturally, to go down on skis from there too. This time, Yuichiro was not alone; his father Keizo and son Goto took part in this expedition with him.
In 1981, Keizo was 77 years old, and 22 years later, in 2003, Keizo Miura made an act that earned him a mention in the Guinness Book of Records - he went skiing down the White Valley in Chamonix (France) (there are ski slopes the highest category difficulties). Not surprisingly, his grandson Goto has been involved in mogul for many years (this is downhill skiing on a special uneven track) and was the leader of the Japanese national team in this sport.
Yuichiro Miura's later achievements were just as "modest." In 1983 he participated in the "Seven Summits" program (ascents to the highest points of all continents) by Rick Ridgway and Dick Bass and on November 30 skied Mount Vinson (5140 m) in Antarctica. And in 1985, Elbrus (5642 m) and Aconcagua (6960 m) lay under his skis.

Yuichiro Miura was born in October 1932 in Aomori Prefecture (north of Honshu Island). His father raised him in an atmosphere of severity and respect for physical culture... A versatile athlete and diligent student, Yuichiro entered Hokkaido University in Sapporo. He studied to be a veterinarian. However, at this time, a real ski boom began on the northern Japanese island. Physically strong and agile, Yuichiro turned out to be the strongest skier in the university, city and then country. Participation in international competitions did not bring much fame, to reach the level of the strongest athletes from the Alpine countries, however, he met differently thinking people that opened up other horizons for him.

Miura decided on the most important step - he became a professional. He started at commercial events in the USA, where he impressed everyone with his composure and absolute fearlessness. Competitions did not bring satisfaction, either material or moral. Yuichiro decided to seek his happiness in the newly emerging world of skiing extremes. The samurai achieved absolute perfection in mastering himself and his weapons. Miura's weapon was skis. He trained selflessly, took risks and won. Soon a series of exploits began that made him a national hero. World speed record on the glacier in Cervinia (172 km / h), the first ski descent from Fujiyama (1966), the first descent from McKinley (1967).

And finally, in 1970, it was Everest's turn. Let's say right away that Miura did not descend from the summit of Everest (this was done much later by Kammerlander and Karnichar). The highest point was the South Col (about 8000 meters). However, what he did is unlikely to be repeated. Miura did not slide down the slope or traverse the slope, preparing for a jump turn at the end of the slope descent. The Japanese developed a speed of up to 150 km per hour on the descent along the climbing route. He drove almost straight down and, to slow down, threw a special parachute. The situation was super extreme. Either as a result of a mistake, or in an attempt to slow down Miura falls and his uncontrolled fall is like the fall of an inanimate object. The bergschrund is rapidly approaching, a foothill crack that should become his grave. And suddenly a miracle happens, the skier miraculously stops. It gets up on a steep slope a dozen meters from the crack, collects and cordons the parachute. Calmly and confidently bypasses (skis are lost) crack. He is alive, he is collected and calm. Samurai - he is a samurai.

Miura is an atypical Japanese, in a country with a predominantly life-long employment, he has been in constant working dynamics all his life. Dozens of projects passed through it, millions, millions of yen. He rose to receptions with the emperor and experienced periods of stagnation, received orders, presided over various high meetings, led all the country's alpine skiing, taught at the university, while raising children and taking care of parents. In 1981, he organized an ascent to the highest point in Africa, Kilimanjaro, which he climbed with his father (then Keizo was 77 years old) and his 11-year-old son Goto. In 1983, Winson descends from the highest point of Antarctica. In 1985, after skiing from Elbrus, Miura completed the skiing program from the seven highest peaks of the continents. It seemed that the limit of feats for one person had been exhausted. But Yuichiro returned.

He came once again to show his strength, to show how long a person must maintain physical shape, to show how wonderful it is when representatives of different generations understand each other and do the same thing together. In 2000, Miura, together with a group of students, climbed one of the five-thousanders in Nepal. And he decided that his climbing career could well be continued. The next year he successfully climbed the Mera peak (6476m). And in 2002, a 69-year-old Japanese man ascends Cho Oyu and becomes the oldest climber of eight-thousanders. And so new attempt, a new challenge. We see Yuichiro on the slopes of Everest. He is still serious and collected. Looks 20 years younger than her age. And it seems that nothing can stop him on the way to his goal.

Here are some typical excerpts from Rick Ridgway and Dick Bass's The Seven Peaks. Miura joined the Mount Vinson expedition in 1983. Antarctica is a very special continent. There are no boundaries on it, and all management essentially belongs to scientists. There were no sportsmen and even just tourists there until the 80s, and no one was officially going to admit them there. The cost of the program was also an important deterrent. Therefore, even such disruptive people as Wells and Bass (millionaires, initiators of the program) took almost two years to organize an expedition to the highest point of Antarctica. It turned out, among other things, that there are only two planes in the world that can fly to the required point, land and climb on an untreated ice heel. And that only 2 pilots in the world are capable of undertaking such a flight. And that a number of other points must coincide, and still the success of the expedition is not guaranteed. The budget of the expedition was under a million dollars, which was hard to shell out even for Bass and Wells. It is good that they were joined by the famous skier and mountaineer Yukio Miura, who managed to raise several hundred thousand dollars in Japan, which was then prosperous. In addition to them, the famous English climber Chris Bonington played a significant role in the expedition.

The flight to the Vinson area was in itself a match for the risky climb. Private jet DC-3, built in 1944, was chartered. The flight passed first from Canada through California to the south of Chile, then to the Antarctic base and to the summit area. During the landing of the ice flight ace, Giles Kershaw only skied across the glacier and ascended into the sky again. It was intelligence. From the second approach, he successfully landed, fairly galloping over the sastrugs. The team proceeded with enthusiasm to the ascent. It seemed that there were no significant obstacles. However, the first attempt was thwarted by strong winds. Only Bonington reached the top. On the second attempt, on November 30, 1983, Bass managed to climb in conjunction with Rick Ridgway, followed by the rest, including Wells. At the same time, Miura successfully made a ski descent almost from the very top to the base camp.

“In the hangar, I met Yuichiro Miura and his cameraman Tae Maeda. Miura was dismantling the equipment that took up the entire hangar. He had extremely muscular legs and a pretty, tanned and weathered face. He looked in his early thirties, maybe forty (I was amazed to learn that he was 51). The temperature was typical for summer Australia, somewhere around + 30, Miura was with a naked torso, in sports shorts and large leather boots. "New shoes," he said with a smile, "better to distribute them in advance."

The operator was filming while he was taking apart the equipment, checking the ski bindings, packing the backpack. Miura was still planning to descend from Vinson Summit and prepare an hour and a half broadcast for Japanese television. Miura was a modern samurai who faced danger in the face of skiing; the folk hero is so well known in Japan that one day he was besieged in a Tokyo restaurant by a crowd of exalted girls who tore his T-shirt and wrote their names on it with a marker. ”….

“Our two Japanese comrades Yuichiro Miura and his cameraman Tae Maeda also went up with us. Miura had perhaps the heaviest load of them all, carrying all the ski equipment for the descent from the summit. In this tense moment, we realized how great it was that Miura and Maeda were with us on this trip, both self-controlled, hardworking and sociable. Fortunately, they both spoke good English, although Dick (Bass) tried to practice Japanese all the time, like a tourist phrasebook. "

“Frank succeeded, no doubt only thanks to the fact that Miura, despite his own large backpack, insisted on taking some of his cargo. If we called Bass a dynamo for the energy, then the self-confident, handsome Japanese ski hero, at the age of 50, was a “superman”. Frank said he would never forget his generosity. In fact, over the course of many months, Frank constantly spoke of Miura as one of the greatest people he has ever met. "

“Frank, a professional in the movie business (he stepped down as head of Warner Bros. for the seven summits project), believed that Miura would only be skiing part of the way to Camp 1. There was a real icefall with cracks and serac towers on the way. Frank believed that Miura would find a couple of spectacular plans, make a couple of takes from different angles. But it won't go straight down. He was wrong. “Miura rode from the tents of Camp 2 to Camp 1 without stopping - Frank later said - he flew over cracks, circled seracs at full speed, jumped over blocks. It was the most incredible descent I have ever seen. "

The Republic of Nepal, known as the highest mountainous country in the world. On the north side, it is bordered by the Great Himalayan Range, famous for several peaks exceeding 8000 meters, including Everest - the most on the planet (8848 meters).

Everest: who conquered the place of the gods

According to popular belief, this place was considered the abode of the gods, so no one thought to climb there.

The top of the world even had special names: Chomolungma ("Mother - the goddess of the world") - among the Tibetans and Sagarmatha ("Forehead of heaven") - among the Nepalese. It began to be called Everest only since 1856, with which China, India did not agree, as well as the direct culprit of the renaming - the British aristocrat, surveyor, military man in one person - George Everest, who was the first to determine the exact location of the Himalayan summit and its height. From time to time there are disputes in the press that a mountain located in Asia should not have a European name. Who was the first to conquer Everest - the peak that almost every climber dreams of?

The graceful beauty of the top of the world

Everest nature with rocks, snow and eternal ice threateningly harsh and silently beautiful. It is almost always dominated by severe frosts (down to -60 ° C), frequent occurrences - avalanches and snow falls, and the tops of the mountains are blown by the worst winds from all sides, the speed of gusts of which reaches 200 km / h. At an altitude of about 8 thousand meters, the "death zone" begins, called such for the lack of oxygen (30% of the amount present at sea level).

Risk for what?

Yet despite being so cruel natural conditions, the conquest of Everest was and is cherished dream many climbers of the world. To stand at the top for a few minutes to go down in history, to look at the world from a heavenly height - isn't this happiness? For such an unforgettable moment, climbers are ready to risk their own lives. And they take the risk, knowing that they can remain in the untouched land for eternal centuries. The factors of the possible death of a person who got there is a lack of oxygen, frostbite, trauma, heart failure, fatal accidents and even the indifference of partners.

So, in 1996, a group of rock climbers from Japan met three Indians - climbers, who were in a semi-faint state. They died because the Japanese did not help their "competitors", indifferently passing by. In 2006, 42 climbers, along with the television crew of the Discovery channel, indifferently walked past an Englishman who was slowly dying from hypothermia, and also tried to interview him and take photographs. As a result, the daredevil, who dared to conquer Everest alone, died from frostbite and oxygen starvation... One of the Russian climbers, Alexander Abramov, explains such actions of his colleagues as follows: "At an altitude of more than 8000 meters, a person striving to conquer the peak is completely occupied with himself and does not have the extra strength to provide assistance in such outrageous conditions."

George Mallory's Attempt: Successful or Not?

So who was the first to conquer Everest? The discovery of George Everest, who had never conquered this mountain, served as an impetus for the unbridled desire of many climbers to reach the top of the world, which was the first (in 1921) to decide George Mallory, a compatriot of Everest.

Unfortunately, his attempt was unsuccessful: heavy snowfalls, strong winds and lack of experience in climbing to such a height stopped the British climber. However, the unattainable summit beckoned to Mallory, and he made two more unsuccessful ascents (in 1922 and 1924). During the last expedition, his teammate Andrew Irwin disappeared without a trace. The last one of the expedition members, Noel Odell, saw them through the gap in the clouds rising to the top. Only after 75 years, an American search expedition at an altitude of 8155 meters discovered the remains of Mallory. Judging by their location, the climbers fell into the abyss. Also in scientific circles, when examining all the same remains and their location, the assumption arose that George Mallory was the first person to conquer Everest. Andrew Irwin's body was never found.

The years 1924-1938 were marked by the organization of a number of expeditions, albeit unsuccessful. After them, Everest was forgotten for a while, because the Second World War began.

Pioneers

Who conquered Everest first? The Swiss decided to storm the unconquerable summit in 1952, however, the maximum altitude they climbed stopped at 8500 meters, 348 meters did not yield to climbers due to bad weather conditions.

If we assume that Mallory could not get to the top of the world's highest mountain, then the question of who first conquered Everest can be safely answered - New Zealander Edmund Hillary in 1953, and then not himself, but with an assistant - Sherpa Norge Tenzing ...

By the way, Sherpas (from Tibetan, “sher” - east, “pa” - people) are the very people, without whom, perhaps, hardly anyone would have been able to reach such a desired summit. They are a mountain people who settled in Nepal more than 500 years ago. It was the Sherpas who most easily managed to climb Everest, since this mountain is their homeland, where every path is familiar from childhood.

Sherpas are reliable helpers on the way to the top

Sherpas are a very good-natured people, unable to hurt anyone. For them, killing an ordinary mosquito or a field mouse is considered a terrible sin, which requires very much praying. The Sherpas have their own language, but nowadays they almost all speak English. This is the great merit of Edmund Hillary - the first conqueror of Everest. As a token of gratitude for the invaluable help, he built a school in one of the main villages at his own expense.

Although with all the penetration into the life of civilization Sherpas, their way of life remains largely patriarchal. Traditional settlements are stone two-story houses, on the first floor of which livestock are usually kept: yaks, sheep, goats, and the family itself, as a rule, is located on the second floor; there is also a kitchen, bedrooms, a common room. Minimum furniture. Thanks to pioneering climbers, electricity has recently appeared; they still don't have gas or some kind of central heating. They use yak droppings as fuel for cooking, which are pre-collected and dried on stones.

Inaccessible Mount Everest ... Who was the first to conquer this distant peak: or George Mallory? Scientists are still looking for the answer to this day, as well as the answer to the question of what year they conquered Everest: in 1924 or in 1953.

Everest conquest records

Everest succumbed to more than one person, even records were set for a temporary ascent to the top. For example, in 2004 the Sherpa Pemba Dorzh reached it from the base camp in 10 hours and 46 minutes, while most climbers take up to several days for the same operation. The fastest descended from the mountain in 1988, the Frenchman Jean-Marc Boivin, however, he made the jump on a paraglider.

Women who conquered Everest are in no way inferior to men, also stubbornly and persistently overcoming every meter of ascent upward. The first representative of the weak half of humanity in 1975 was the Japanese Yunko Tabei, 10 days later - Pantog, a Tibetan mountaineer.

Who was the first to conquer Everest among the elderly? The oldest conqueror of the summit is 76-year-old Nepalese resident Min Bahadur Sherkhan, and the youngest is 13-year-old American Jordan Romero. Of interest is the persistence of another young conqueror of the "top of the world" - 15-year-old Sherpa Temba Tseri, whose first attempt was unsuccessful due to lack of strength and frostbite of both hands. On his return, Tembe had 5 fingers amputated, which did not stop him, he conquered Everest on his second ascent.

Among the disabled, there is also the first person to climb Mount Everest. This is Mark Inglis, who rose to the top of the world in 2006 with the help of prostheses.

The hero even joked that, unlike other climbers, he would not freeze his toes. Moreover, he froze his legs earlier, while trying to climb the highest peak in New Zealand - Cook's Peak, after which they were amputated to him.

Apparently, Everest has some magical power if hundreds of climbers rush to it. The one who conquered him once again returned more than once, trying to do it again.

Alluring peak - Everest

Who was the first to conquer Everest? Why are people so attracted to this place? There are many reasons explaining this. Tickling nerves, lack of thrill, desire to test oneself, boring everyday life….

Texas millionaire Dick Bass is the man who climbed Mount Everest. He, not being a professional climber, was not going to spend years carefully preparing for a dangerous ascent and decided to conquer the peak of the world right away, as they say: here and now. Bass was willing to pay any money to anyone who would help make his seemingly unrealistic dream come true.

Dick Bass was still able to conquer the summit of Everest, and the assembled team turned out to be assistants in the expedition, providing the millionaire with comfort when climbing up; people carried all the cargo, tents, water, food. So to speak, the ascent was all inclusive, and this was the beginning of commercial travel to the summit.

Since then, since 1985, everyone who has enough money for this can conquer the top. Today, the cost of one such ascent varies from 40 to 85 thousand dollars, depending on the side of the ascent to the mountain. If the trip takes place from the side of Nepal, then it is more expensive, because a special permission from the king is required, which costs 10 thousand dollars. The rest of the amount is paid for organizing the expedition.

And there was even a wedding ...

In 2005, Mona Mule and Pem Georgie had a wedding at the top of the world. Climbing upstairs, the newlyweds took off the traditional colored garlands around their necks for a few minutes. Pem then anointed his bride's forehead with scarlet powder to symbolize marriage. The newlyweds kept their act a secret from everyone: parents, acquaintances, expedition partners, since they were not sure of the successful outcome of the planned event.

So how many people have conquered Everest? Surprisingly, today there are more than 4,000 people. And the most optimal period for climbing sparing weather conditions spring and autumn are considered. True, such an idyll lasts a short time - only a few weeks, which climbers try to use as fruitfully as possible.

According to statistics, of those who storm Everest, every tenth person dies, and most of the accidents occur during the descent, when there is practically no strength left. Theoretically, Everest can be conquered in a few days. In practice, however, gradualness and an optimal combination of ascents and stops are required.

Everyone knows that Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world (relative to sea level). And our 18 crazy facts will make you dream of climbing this unique mountain!

According to official figures based on a 1954 measurement, Mount Everest reaches a height of 8,848 meters. Satellite measurements in 1999 showed the mountain to be 1.83 meters taller, but this information is disputed

At the highest point of Everest, a person receives only a third of the amount of oxygen that he usually inhales. It's not a different air composition, but a lower pressure

Wind speed on the mountain sometimes exceeds 200 mph

Reinhold Messner was the first to climb the mountain alone and without the use of oxygen in 1980

Frenchman Marco Siffredi and Austrian Stefan Gatt snowboard downhill in 2001

The oldest person to climb Mount Everest is 80-year-old Yuichiro Miura from Japan

The youngest person to reach the summit of Mount Everest is 13-year-old Jordan Romero. In May 2010, the young American broke the previous record of 15-year-old Min Kip Sherpa

The tallest man-made structure in the world is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai (829 m). Everest is more than 10 times taller than this building!

The first tweet from the summit of Mount Everest was sent by Kenton Cool in 2011. He wrote: "Climbing Everest number 9. First tweet from the highest point in the world thanks to a weak 3G signal"

Each year, the mountain becomes 4 mm taller due to the upward thrust created by two opposing tectonic plates.

Now Everest can be seen on Google maps, although it never reached the top. In 2011, the team spent 2 weeks climbing 70 miles to base camp and taking photographs along the way

Australian Tim McCartney-Snape in May 1990 became the first to climb to the summit from sea level without supplemental oxygen

The first phone call was made from the summit of Mount Everest in the summer of 2013. However, Nepalese officials were not overly impressed and deemed it illegal.

The record for the longest time spent on the summit of Everest belongs to Babu Chiri Sherpa. In 1999, he stayed here for 21 hours

In 2004, a wedding took place at the top of Mount Everest. Moni Mule Pati and Pem Dorji Sherpa, a couple from Nepal, kept their plans secret from other climbers until they reached the peak