Characteristics of the main characters of the work At the bottom, Gorky. Their images and description. Heroes of Gorky's play "At the Bottom": Characteristics, Images and Fates Description of the Heroes in Gorky's Play at the Bottom

One of the main actors in the play, an ambiguous character, an elderly wanderer who unexpectedly appeared in a rooming house. He has rich life experience and his mission is to comfort disappointed people.

Guest of a rooming house, a hereditary thief. He was told from childhood that he would grow up to be a thief, like his father. With such parting words, he grew up. Vaska is 28 years old. He is young, cheerful and naturally kind person. He does not want to accept such a life and tries in every possible way to find another truth.

The wife of the owner of the rooming house, Kostylev, and the mistress of Vaska Pepel. Vasilisa is a cruel and domineering woman. She is 28 years younger than her husband and does not love him at all, most likely, she lives with him for the sake of money. She dreams of getting rid of him as soon as possible and from time to time persuades the guest Vaska the thief to save her from her husband.

One of the characters in the play, an inhabitant of a rooming house. He does not give his real name, since he himself forgot it due to drunkenness. He remembers only a pseudonym, appears to be Sverchkov-Zavolzhsky. The Actor's memory has become so bad that he tries in vain to remember poetry or recite excerpts from plays.

One of the more miserable inhabitants of the rooming house in the play, a former nobleman who squandered his fortune. He is thirty three years old. He was once a rich aristocrat, and now he has sunk to the very "bottom", to the position of a pimp. In the past, he had hundreds of serfs and carriages with coats of arms.

A consumptive woman living out her last days, the wife of the hard worker Kleshch. She is tired of a life in which she shakes over every piece of bread and walks in rags. At the same time, Anna constantly demolishes cruel treatment husband. Anyone sympathizes with the poor thing, but not her husband.

One of the inhabitants of the rooming house, a kartuznik who lives there on credit. In the past, he was the owner of a dyeing workshop. However, his wife agreed with the master, after which he chose to leave in order to stay alive. Now he has sunk to the very “bottom” and does not want to retain any positive qualities in himself.

The sister of the hostess of the hostel, a kind and soft-hearted girl. Her image is noticeably different from other guests. Natasha combines kindness, purity, dignity and pride. It was with these qualities that she charmed Vaska Ash. The intrigue of the play is whether she will be able to retain these qualities under the influence of a rough and cruel environment.

One of the inhabitants of the rooming house in the play, a former telegraph operator. This man has his own life philosophy. In this he differs from many other guests. He often uses smart words in his speech, such as "macrobiotics", which does not indicate his education.

One of the characters in the play; hostel resident; dumpling vendor. Kvashnya is a kind woman, which can be understood by her attitude towards the sick Anna, whom even her husband does not feel sorry for. She often feeds the sick, takes care of her.

One of the inhabitants of the rooming house in the play, a fallen woman who dreams of romantic love. Despite the fact that she is engaged in prostitution, she dreams of pure and devoted love. However, she is surrounded by poverty, hopelessness and humiliation.

One of the guests of the rooming house, a locksmith by profession, Anna's husband. At the beginning of the play, he idealizes hard work, considering this the only way out. He dreams of returning to a normal life with the help of honest labor. The tick is opposed to other lodgers who prefer to do nothing.

The play "At the Bottom" by A.M. Gorky wrote in the winter of 1901-1902. The action of the work takes place in a rooming house, which was located in one of the St. Petersburg basements. This basement was like a cave. He seemed so lifeless.

Here live people who, due to various circumstances, descended from the heavens of the social ladder to the bottom.

This is a former baron who once had estates, the owner of a fur shop, who became an ordinary tailor, a provincial actor who knew recognition and popularity.

The main characters of the play "At the Bottom":

Mikhail Ivanovich Kostylev, 54 years old - hostel owner. Of those who lay softly, but sleep hard. He treats his wife rudely, reproaches her sister with a piece of bread, offends her. He buys stolen things from Ashes on the cheap. Dies at the hands of Vaska, who defended Natalia.

Vasilisa Karpovna, Kostylev's wife, 26 years old. The woman is powerful, self-willed. She dreams of getting rid of her unloved, old husband, had a lover, but noticed that her lover sympathizes with her sister. Vasilisa offers Vaska Pepl to release her from her husband, and in return promises not to oppose his marriage to his sister.

Natasha, her sister, 20 years old. Resignedly endures the bullying of her sister and her husband. He has no special feelings for Vaska, and testifies against him. She ran away from the hospital, never to return to her cruel sister.

Medvedev, their uncle, a policeman, 50 years old. Believes that a person should behave quietly. He likes the trader Kvashnya, and, in the end, he marries her. Despite the fact that he is a policeman, he closes his eyes to the theft of Ash and the dark deeds of other inhabitants of the rooming house.

Vaska Pepel, 28 years old - Vasilisa's lover, thief. He likes Natalya, and for her sake he dreams of changing his life. He refuses Vasilisa's request to kill her husband. But defending Natalya, he hit Korostylev, and he fell.

Klesch Andrey Mitrich, locksmith, 40 years old - unemployed. All his life he bullied his wife. And made her sick.

Anna - Klesch's wife, 30 years old. In the play, this is a seriously ill woman with a difficult fate. Her husband beat her all her life. They lived and continue to live in poverty. Feeling the kindness of Luka, she began to complain to him.

Nastya, girl 24 years old - lives in a fictional, or rather in the world she read. In the depths of his soul, he dreams of such love as in books.

Kvashnya - seller of dumplings, under 40 years old. She considers herself an independent woman and has decided never to get married. There was one husband, suffered from him and sworn off. But at the end of the play, she married policeman Medvedev.

Bubnov, kartuznik, 45 years old - once was the owner of a fur shop, but after a divorce he ended up on the street. Sews hats, caps to order.

Baron, 33 years old - roommate of Nastya. In the past, as he says, a representative of high society. For embezzlement he was deprived of everything and imprisoned. After leaving prison, he became an outcast.

Satin - drunkard and swindler .

Actor - in the past, an actor in a provincial theater, a drunken and degraded inhabitant of a rooming house. Having learned that somewhere there is a clinic where they treat drunkenness, he dreams of getting there and being cured, but Luka does not say the address of the clinic. The actor breaks down and starts drinking again. From hopelessness, he took his own life - hanged himself in a vacant lot.

Satin and the actor are friends of about the same age. They are both in their forties.

Luke is the most controversial character in the play. Wanderer, 60 years old. Wise with life experience. He speaks fluently, sympathizes with people. Morally supports the dying Anna. Unlike others, he does not conflict with anyone, he finds a kind word for each of the rooming houses. According to Kleshch, Luka did not like the truth. He rebelled very much against the truth.

Tatar- a hooker, or in modern language a rigger. A decent person, but a player. Catching Sateen on cheating.

crooked goiter- also a rigger, a lover of singing.

Alyoshka- Shoemaker and drunkard. Because of his drunkenness, he often spends the night at the police station.

note

The play ends with the murder of Kostylev, the suicide of the Actor. Natalya is gone. Ashes and Vasilisa in prison. There is no political overtones in this play. Most of the heroes ended up here, in this rooming house due to their own stupidity, lack of will, misunderstanding of the meaning of life. More often people sink to the bottom because of their vices: drunkenness, laziness, passion for the game.

Heroes of the play

The drama "At the Bottom" is a landmark work in creative biography Gorky. A description of the heroes of the play “At the Bottom” will be presented in this article.

This work was written at a critical time for the country. In Russia in the 90s of the XIX century, a serious economic crisis erupted.

The masses of impoverished, ruined peasants after each crop failure left the villages in search of work. Plants and factories were closed. Thousands of people found themselves without livelihood and shelter.

This led to the appearance big number"tramps" who have sunk to the bottom of life.

Who lived in hostels?

Enterprising slum owners, taking advantage of the fact that people were in a hopeless situation, found how to make use of the stinking basements. They turned them into bunkhouses where the poor, the unemployed, thieves, vagabonds and other representatives of the “bottom” lived. This work was written in 1902. The heroes of the play “At the Bottom” are just such people.

Maxim Gorky throughout his career was interested in personality, man, the secrets of his inner world. Feelings and thoughts, dreams and hopes, weakness and strength - all this is reflected in the work. The heroes of the play “At the Bottom” are people who lived at the beginning of the 20th century, when old world and new life was born.

However, they differ from the rest in that they are rejected by society. These are people of the “bottom”, outcasts. The place where Vaska Pepel, Bubnov, Actor, Satin and others live is unattractive and scary. According to Gorky's description, this is a basement that looks like a cave. Its ceiling is stone vaults with crumbling plaster, smoked.

Why did the inhabitants of the rooming house find themselves “at the bottom” of life, what brought them here?

Heroes of the play "At the bottom": table

hero
How did you get to the “bottom”
characterization of the hero
dreams

Bubnov
In the past, he owned a dyeing workshop. However, circumstances forced him to leave. Bubnov's wife got along with the master.
He believes that a person is not able to change fate. Therefore, Bubnov only goes with the flow. Often shows skepticism, cruelty, lack of positive qualities.
It is difficult to determine, given the negative attitude towards the whole world of this hero.

Nastya
Life forced this heroine to become a prostitute. And this is the social bottom.
A romantic and dreamy person who lives in love stories.
Dreaming for a long time of a clean and Great love while continuing to practice his profession.

Baron
Was in the past a real baron, but lost his wealth.
He does not perceive the ridicule of the inhabitants of the rooming house, continuing to live in the past.
He wants to return to his former position, once again becoming a wealthy person.

Alyoshka
A cheerful and always drunk shoemaker who never tried to rise from the bottom, where his frivolity led him.
As he says, he wants nothing. About himself he reports that he is “good” and “fun”.
Everyone is always satisfied, it is difficult to say about his needs. Dreams, most likely, of a “warm breeze” and “eternal sun”.

Vaska Pepel
This is a hereditary thief who has been in prison twice.
A weak, loving person.
Dreams of going to Siberia with Natalya and becoming a respectable citizen, starting new life.

Actor
He sank to the bottom due to drunkenness.
He often quotes literary works.
He dreams of finding a job, recovering from alcoholism and getting out of the rooming house.

Luke
This is a mysterious wanderer. Not much is known about him.
Teaches sympathy, kindness, comforts heroes, guides them.
Dreams of helping everyone in need.

satin
He killed a man, as a result of which he ended up in prison for 5 years.
He believes that a person needs not consolation, but respect.
He dreams of conveying his philosophy to people.

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What ruined the lives of these people?

Addiction to alcohol killed the Actor. By his own admission, he used to have a good memory. Now the Actor believes that everything is over for him. Vaska Pepel is a representative of the “thieves' dynasty”. This hero had no choice but to continue his father's business. He says that even when he was little, even then he was called a thief.

The former furrier Bubnov left the workshop because of his wife's infidelity, and also out of fear of his wife's lover. He went bankrupt, after which he went to serve in one "state chamber", in which he committed embezzlement. One of the most colorful figures in the work is Satin.

He was a telegraph operator in the past, and went to prison for the murder of a man who insulted his sister.

Whom do the inhabitants of the rooming house blame?

Almost all the heroes of the play “At the Bottom” tend to blame the current situation not on themselves, but on life circumstances. Perhaps, if they had developed differently, nothing would have changed significantly, and all the same, the overnight stays would have suffered the same fate. The phrase that Bubnov uttered confirms this. He admitted that he actually drank the workshop away.

Apparently, the reason for the fall of all these people is their lack of a moral core, which makes up the personality of a person. You can cite the words of the Actor as an example: “Why did he die? I didn't have faith...

Was there a chance to live another life?

Creating images of the heroes of the play “At the Bottom”, the author gave each of them the opportunity to live a different life. That is, they had a choice. However, for everyone, the first test ended in the collapse of life. The baron, for example, could improve his affairs not by stealing state funds, but by investing in profitable business that he had.

Satin could teach the offender a lesson in another way. As for Vaska Pepel, would there really be few places on earth where no one would know anything about him and his past? The same can be said about many of the inhabitants of the rooming house. They have no future, but in the past they had a chance not to get here. However, the heroes of the play “At the Bottom” did not use it.

How do heroes comfort themselves?

Now they can only live with unrealizable hopes and illusions. Baron, Bubnov and the Actor live in memories of the past. dreams of true love the prostitute Nastya amuses herself.

At the same time, the characterization of the heroes of the play “At the Bottom” is supplemented by the fact that these people, rejected by society, humiliated, are endlessly arguing about moral and spiritual problems. Although it would be more logical to talk about their daily bread, since they live from hand to mouth.

The fate of the heroes of the play "At the bottom" by Gorky

In the play "At the bottom" Gorky showed us the life of tramps who have lost: their own names, spiritual values, life guidelines. Only one of the heroes of the play - the owner of the rooming house - has a first name, patronymic and surname. Others have only a name or nickname. Already the poster gives us an idea of ​​what social position the heroes of the play occupied before falling “to the bottom”. In the list of actors, seventeen heroes are presented, Only a few of them have a job (locksmith, policeman), and most only age, I want to elaborate on the fate of the Actor.

Only once in the play is the real name of the Actor-Sverchkov-Zavolzhsky mentioned. The first part of the surname is something small, inconspicuous, afraid to be seen. Zavolzhsky - something wide, great. His fate can be divided into two parts before and after the loss of his last name. Sverchkov is suitable for the first part, and Zavolzhsky for the second.

From some statements, we can guess about the past of the Actor. He says: "Hamlet is a good thing ... I played the gravedigger in it." This role is the second plan, which does not require a special acting gift. Did the actor have talent? I think he was talented actor. Apparently, there was a moment when he could not “break through”, and this broke him. The actor says: “Talent is faith in yourself, in your strength.” He did not have enough faith in his own strength, and without this it is impossible to achieve success. The actor had to gather willpower into a fist in order to “rise” after the first failure and again go on the storm of acting heights. Instead of doing this, he began to pour vodka on his failures. Gradually, the Actor loses the good that was in him. Then he loses his own name, which is replaced by a nickname. Among the inhabitants of the rooming house, he considers himself a representative of the creative intelligentsia: dusting is not for him. After Luca told him about a hospital where you can recover from alcoholism, the Actor, it seemed to me, was infected with this idea. Then why didn't he bring it to life? I think that he no longer had the moral strength to get out of the hole he fell into. To do this, he needed more support. But could any of the inhabitants of the rooming house provide it? No. That is why the Actor will soon strangle himself. He just couldn't keep going like this. He had to choose: either to live like a human, or not to live at all. The first he could not bring to life, so he chose the second ...

The tragic fate of the Actor is typical: a man who has failed in professional activity, in his personal life he often breaks down, rolls down an inclined plane, becomes an alcoholic and a homeless person. By inertia, he continues to consider himself what he was before the fall: an actor, a poet, an artist, and even a baron. Such people blame the whole wide world for their failures, but not themselves. Continuing to sink lower and lower, they indulge in dreams of returning to a past life without making any effort for this. And only those few for whom the aphorism: "Man - it sounds proud!" becomes a life attitude, they are able to find the strength to get out of the bottom of life.

Gorky in his play offers readers a whole kaleidoscope of different characters and heroes. Next, let's take a brief look at each.

Kostylev

Kostylev - 54-year-old man, is the head of the rooming house. In general, he is a negative character who is prone to anger and greed, and to many other negative qualities. He has a wife, Vasilisa, who in turn has a sister named Natasha. To each he is more than dismissive, can be rude and offend. This person does not particularly think about morality, is more inclined to seek personal gain. He buys stolen goods from Vaska Pepel, but at the end of the play he dies at the hands of Vaska.

Vasilisa Karpovna

Vasilisa Karpovna - 26 years old, she is the wife of Kostylev. As they say, premium wife. Kostylev can afford to keep a young woman, but Vasilisa herself cannot be said to be a positive heroine. She is prone to depravity and cruelty, that is, she is not subservient and oppressed here, she herself knows her own goals to which she goes and eventually persuades Vaska, with whom she once had a relationship, to get rid of her elderly spouse.

Natasha

Natasha - 20 years old. A rather sweet and positive girl who is subjected to all sorts of humiliations from Vasilisa (whose sister she is) and Kostylev. Vaska Peplu likes her, but he cannot provide for her and she ends up in the hospital, and then disappears.

Vaska Pepel

Vaska Pepel is a 28-year-old criminal. Earlier, he met with Vasilisa, who continues to have feelings for him, and Vaska himself tries to look after the younger Natasha, whom he offers to run away and start living honestly, but such an enterprise fails. Moreover, Vaska, who had previously been imprisoned many times, again finds himself behind bars after he dealt with Kostylev.

Luke

Luka - 60 years old, old man. An old man who wants to help everyone else and is wise by experience, but in fact no one needs his advice and even harms. He most likely settled in a rooming house after he escaped from hard labor. Probably, Luka did not finish his own term, it is not known what his crime is.

Actor

The actor is a 40-year-old alcoholic. He previously served in the theater and is saving up money to go to some mythical city where he is being treated for alcoholism. Luke told about this city, and in this advice his rather harmful influence is again shown. As a result, Luke does not name in which city the desired hospital is located and this hero drinks again, after which he lays hands on himself.

satin

Satin is 40 years old, an alcoholic and dishonest gambler. He had to serve five years, but the prison did not re-educate him and he wants to continue to exist at the expense of cheating, although he himself is not stupid and educated.

Baron

Baron - 33-year-old drunkard, nobleman. He served as an official, but was caught on embezzlement and after the family he could not fix his life, he turned out to be a beggar. Nastya supplies him with money, with whom he meets and thanks to this he can drink.

Nastya

Nastya is a 24-year-old girl. She tolerates the Baron, who humiliates her, although he meets with her. Probably a girl of easy virtue or earns in some other obscene way. He loves romance novels, which he mostly reads in order to invent some kind of love story with his own person in the lead role. Of course, no one really believes her.

Bubnov

Bubnov - 45 years old. Previously, he owned a fur workshop, which he lost after a divorce. Now a beggar.

Mite

Kleshch is a 40-year-old craftsman, a locksmith. Incessantly humiliates his wife, who falls ill. After Anna's death, he sells tools to bury his wife.

Anna

Anna is a 30-year-old woman who is terminally ill with consumption. She suffers from consumption and considers the illness the cause of her husband's bad attitude.

Kvashnya

Kvashnya is a 40-year-old dumpling vendor. A woman who was beaten by her husband for eight years, after which she divorced, and then marries Medvedev, who turns out to be at the woman's hand.

Medvedev

Medvedev is a 50-year-old policeman. For Vasilisa and Natasha, he is an uncle. After he becomes Kvashnya's husband, he starts drinking. Throughout the play, he closes his eyes to the affairs that Kostylev, Vaska and the others are engaged in. In addition, he also does not consider it necessary to intervene in the beatings that Kostylev and Vasilisa inflict on Natasha.

Alyoshka

Alyoshka is a 20-year-old shoemaker, a drunkard. An unhappy young man who sometimes drinks and ends up in the police. Can sing and play the harmonica.

Tatar

Tatar - an inhabitant of a rooming house, a hooker (loader). He is one of the few honest people and even denounces Satin and the Baron in a dishonest card game. At the end of the play, he finds himself with a broken arm and, accordingly, without a job.

crooked goiter

Crooked Zob is also a loader. Unlike Tatarin, he is well aware of the dishonest card game (meaning Satin and Baron), but his attitude is different, he justifies these people. He likes to sing, in which he keeps company with other inhabitants of the rooming house.

Characteristics of the heroes of Gorky's work At the bottom (option 2)

In the play "At the Bottom" we see many different characters with their own destinies, feelings and problems. Next, we will try to pay close attention and consider each of them in more detail.

Kostylev this is the head of the rooming house in years. Gorky draws him as a negative character, who is alien to moral norms. He is prone to outbursts of aggression, anger, he is stingy and greedy. He also has a wife, Vasilisa. And Vasilisa has a sister, Natasha. And to each of the women Kostylev prefers negatively, with them he is rude, impudent and often strives to offend. Kostylev is a mercantile person, he is used to looking for profit in everything. He buys things from Vaska Pepel that were once stolen, without thinking about his actions. At the end of the work, Vaska kills him.

Vasilisa Karpovna This is Kostylev's wife. A woman, as well as a spouse, cannot be called a positive character. She is depraved, prone to vices, cruel. She has her own goals and dreams. In the end, she persuades her former lover Vaska Pepel to kill Kostylev.

Natasha Vasilisa's twenty-year-old sister. Mila, beautiful, but often humiliated by her relative and her husband. Vaska Peplov has his own views on the girl, but he understands that he is not able to provide for her. Soon Natasha ends up in the hospital, after which she disappears forever.

Vaska Pepel– a man of 28 years old, a criminal. once had love relationship with Vasilisa. The woman still has feelings for him, while Vaska himself prefers to look after the young Natasha. The girl invites him to run away and start an honest life together, but they fail. Moreover, Vaska again finds himself in prison for the murder of Kostylev.

Luke- a sixty-year-old man who wants to give advice and help everyone. But no one listens to the advice of the old man, no one listens to him. Most likely, Luka ended up in a rooming house after escaping from hard labor, but we will never know. real story old man.

Actor- an alcoholic in years. Once the actor really worked in the theater. Now he is saving up money to go to a certain mythical city, where he will be cured of the disease of alcoholism. Needless to say, Luca told the Actor about this city, whose advice often turns out to be harmful. But Luka does not say the name of the city, and the Actor again begins to take a bottle, after which he commits suicide from hopelessness.

satin- a forty-year-old alcoholic and card-sharper. The man had to serve five years, but even the prison could not change him, and he still wants to live off the cards. He is an educated and far from stupid person.

Baron- nobleman, drunkard Once he worked as an official, but he got caught in a crime, after which he gave up and began to beg. The man drinks with the money that Nastya gives her.

Nastya- a young girl, meets with the Baron, despite the humiliation and rudeness. Most likely, this character does not earn his living in the most appropriate way for a girl, we can understand this from a few hints from other characters. The girl's passion is romance novels, thanks to which she writes stories with herself in the lead role. But, of course, no one believes her.

Kvashnya- an elderly seller of dumplings. For many years she lived with a man who beat her and oppressed her in every possible way. But soon the woman finally gets divorced and marries Medvedev.

Medvedev- a police officer, the uncle of Vasilisa and Natasha. After marrying Kvashnya, he starts drinking a lot. Despite his profession, Medvedev prefers to turn a blind eye to what is happening around him. He doesn't even care that Kostylev often beats his own nieces.

Bubnov- a simple man who once had his own profitable business. But after a divorce from his wife, he was out of work, after which he became homeless and impoverished.

Mite is a middle-aged man who works in a locksmith shop. He had a habit of mocking his wife in every possible way, but soon she falls ill and dies. After her death, the man, wanting to find money for the funeral, sells all his locksmith tools.

Alyoshka- a young shoemaker and a godless drunkard. Because of his pernicious passion, he often finds himself in the police station.

Tatar- a simple loader, an honest fellow. At one point, he exposes the Baron and Sateen in a dishonest game of cards. At the end of the work, he breaks his arm and remains unemployed.

The stories of the characters in the play At the Bottom

The idea to write a work about representatives of the lower strata of a provincial imperial city arose from Gorky quite a long time ago, and the play was created specifically for the troupe of the Moscow Public Art Theater and Stanislavsky personally, who not only directed the production, but also played one of the characters.

In order to describe the events taking place "at the bottom" of society, in a rundown rooming house for the poor, Gorky created complex system characters. Initially, the writer planned to create 20 main characters, but as a result, we got 11 of the most important characters with their own unique stories.

The first character, without whom the plot would be simply impossible, is the owner of a rooming house named Mikhail Ivanovich Kostylev. He is 54 years old and is characterized in the play as a totalitarian sadist. He is greedy and materialistic, his past is unknown to us, but his present appeals to any reader with hostility. He suspected his wife of treason, for which he beat her. The life of Mikhail Ivanovich ended with the fact that he was killed by his wife's lover Vaska Pepel.

Kostylev's wife, twenty-six-year-old Vasilisa Karpovna, causes no less hostility than he himself. Even the "seer character" Luke calls her a viper. She cheated on her husband, beat her sister Natasha. Natasha herself, like her sister, is Ash's mistress, although she often rejects his courtship. After the death of Mikhail Ivanovich, unexpectedly for everyone, he disappears.

Finally, it is worth considering the already mentioned Vaska Pepel. He is 28 years old, he is the son of a thief, born in prison and "inherited" his father's craft. In the past, he courted Vasilisa, but at the time of the novel, he courts her sister Natasha. However, Vasilisa still has power over Ash, inciting him to kill Kostylev, which Ash eventually did, for which he is sent to prison at the end of the play.

Also in the plot there are characters who are not "at the bottom" - a hot-tempered fifty-year-old policeman named Abram Medvedev, the uncle of Natasha and Vasilisa, who takes care of Kvashnya. Kvashnya herself is a character expressing feminist views on life. Her story in the work is not finished, but Gorky lets us know that everything is fine with her.

Andrey Mitrich, nicknamed "Tick", also refers to those who are not "at the bottom". He considers himself to be such, because from everyone else, he is a “working person”, a locksmith who ended up in a rooming house because he was fired. However, Andrei did not accept his fate and is actively looking for work. But the image of Kleshch is not purely positive - he drank away his instruments, and he regularly beats his wife Anna. Yes, and Gorky interrupts his life with poverty, as if telling us about his personal attitude to the character.

The already mentioned Anna is one of the most unfortunate characters in the play. She is 30 years old, she has already experienced a hungry and impoverished life, and at the time of the play, she suffers from a serious illness, death from which seems to her to be delivered from suffering. He dies at the end of the second act.

Also in the work there is a young girl Nastya, who, despite her work as a prostitute, dreams of true and pure love. He is in a relationship with the former aristocrat Baron, who ended up in a rooming house due to the fact that he went bankrupt.

In addition to the bankrupt nobles, there are several other characters in the work who, it would seem, should not be “at the bottom”: the former gambler-sharper Bubnov, who went to a rooming house “away from sin” and ends his life in poverty, a former actor named Sverchkov Zavolzhsky, who became an alcoholic, and after the destruction of hopes for a cure for alcoholism, hanged himself, as well as the former telegrapher Satin, who, with all the unpleasant features (alcoholism and laziness), is endowed with a sharp mind and dislike for lies and deceit.

Well, the central character of the play is a tramp named Luke. Expresses peculiar religious views, asks all the inhabitants of the rooming house about their stories, gives everyone hope and inspires everyone that they can get out of "the bottom". Disappears between the third and fourth acts as suddenly as it appeared.

Heroes of the play At the Bottom

Pyotr Grinev's dream from the novel Pushkin's Captain's Daughter Analysis of the episode

A.S. Pushkin at the beginning of his story "The Captain's Daughter" used a symbolic device - a prophetic dream. With this dream, the author sets the tone for the rest of the story, warns the reader about the coming tragic changes in the life of the protagonist.

The drama "At the Bottom" is a landmark work in Gorky's creative biography. The description of the heroes will be presented in this article.

This work was written at a critical time for the country. In Russia in the 90s of the 19th century, a serious outbreak broke out. Masses of impoverished, ruined peasants after each crop failure left the villages in search of work. Plants and factories were closed. Thousands of people found themselves without livelihood and shelter. This led to the fact that a large number of "tramps" appeared, who sank to the bottom of life.

Who lived in hostels?

Enterprising slum owners, taking advantage of the fact that people were in a hopeless situation, found how to make use of the stinking basements. They turned them into bunkhouses, where the poor, the unemployed, thieves, vagabonds and other representatives of the "bottom" lived. This work was written in 1902. The heroes of the play "At the Bottom" are just such people.

Maxim Gorky throughout his career was interested in personality, man, the secrets of his feelings and thoughts, dreams and hopes, weakness and strength - all this is reflected in the work. The heroes of the play "At the Bottom" are people who lived at the beginning of the 20th century, when the old world collapsed and a new life arose. However, they differ from the rest in that they are rejected by society. These are people of the "bottom", outcasts. The place where Vaska Pepel, Bubnov, Actor, Satin and others live is unattractive and scary. According to Gorky's description, this is a basement that looks like a cave. Its ceiling is stone vaults with crumbling plaster, sooty. Why did the inhabitants of the rooming house find themselves "at the bottom" of life, what brought them here?

Heroes of the play "At the bottom": table

hero	How did you end up at the bottom?	characterization of the hero	dreams
Bubnov	In the past, he owned a dyeing workshop. However, circumstances forced him to leave. Bubnov's wife got along with the master.	He believes that a person is not able to change fate. Therefore, Bubnov only goes with the flow. Often shows skepticism, cruelty, lack of positive qualities.	It is difficult to determine, given the negative attitude towards the whole world of this hero.
Nastya	Life forced this heroine to become a prostitute. And this is the social bottom.	A romantic and dreamy person who lives in love stories.	Dreams for a long time of pure and great love, continuing to practice his profession.
Baron	Was in the past a real baron, but lost his wealth.	He does not perceive the ridicule of the inhabitants of the rooming house, continuing to live in the past.	He wants to return to his former position, once again becoming a wealthy person.
Alyoshka	A cheerful and always drunk shoemaker who never tried to rise from the bottom, where his frivolity led him.	As he says, he wants nothing. About himself he reports that he is "good" and "fun".	Everyone is always satisfied, it is difficult to say about his needs. Dreams, most likely, of a "warm breeze" and "eternal sun".
Vaska Pepel	This is a hereditary thief who has been in prison twice.	A weak, loving person.	He dreams of leaving for Siberia with Natalya and becoming a respectable citizen, starting a new life.
Actor	He sank to the bottom due to drunkenness.	Quotes often	He dreams of finding a job, recovering from alcoholism and getting out of the rooming house.
Luke	This is a mysterious wanderer. Not much is known about him.	Teaches sympathy, kindness, comforts heroes, guides them.	Dreams of helping everyone in need.
satin	He killed a man, as a result of which he ended up in prison for 5 years.	He believes that a person needs not consolation, but respect.	He dreams of conveying his philosophy to people.

What ruined the lives of these people?

Addiction to alcohol killed the Actor. By his own admission, he used to have a good memory. Now the Actor believes that everything is over for him. Vaska Pepel is a representative of the "thieves' dynasty". This hero had no choice but to continue his father's business. He says that even when he was little, even then he was called a thief. The former furrier Bubnov left the workshop because of his wife's infidelity, and also out of fear of his wife's lover. He went bankrupt, after which he went to serve in one "state chamber", in which he committed embezzlement. One of the most colorful figures in the work is Satin. He was a telegraph operator in the past, and went to prison for the murder of a man who insulted his sister.

Whom do the inhabitants of the rooming house blame?

Almost all the heroes of the play "At the Bottom" tend to blame the current situation not on themselves, but on life circumstances. Perhaps, if they had developed differently, nothing would have changed significantly, and all the same, the overnight stays would have suffered the same fate. The phrase that Bubnov uttered confirms this. He admitted that he actually drank the workshop away.

Apparently, the reason for the fall of all these people is their lack of a moral core, which makes up the personality of a person. You can cite the words of the Actor as an example: "Why did he die? I had no faith ..."

Was there a chance to live another life?

Creating images of the heroes of the play "At the Bottom", the author gave each of them the opportunity to live a different life. That is, they had a choice. However, for everyone, the first test ended in the collapse of life. The baron, for example, could improve his affairs not by stealing state funds, but by investing in profitable business that he had.

Satin could teach the offender a lesson in another way. As for Vaska Pepel, would there really be few places on earth where no one would know anything about him and his past? The same can be said about many of the inhabitants of the rooming house. They have no future, but in the past they had a chance not to get here. However, the heroes of the play "At the Bottom" did not use it.

How do heroes comfort themselves?

Now they can only live with unrealizable hopes and illusions. The Baron, Bubnov and the Actor live Dreams of true love amuse the prostitute Nastya. At the same time, the characterization of the heroes of the play "At the Bottom" is supplemented by the fact that these people, rejected by society, humiliated, are endlessly arguing about moral and spiritual problems. Although it would be more logical to talk about because they live from hand to mouth. The author's characterization of the heroes of the play "At the Bottom" suggests that they are occupied with such issues as freedom, truth, equality, labor, love, happiness, law, talent, honesty, pride, compassion, conscience, pity, patience, death, peace and much more. They are also concerned about an even more important problem. They talk about what a person is, why he is born, what is the true meaning of being. Philosophers of the rooming house can be called Luka, Satina, Bubnov.

With the exception of Bubnov, all the heroes of the work reject the "bedroom" way of life. They hope for a successful turn of fortune, which will bring them from the "bottom" to the surface. A tick, for example, says that he has been working since an early age (this hero is a locksmith), so he will certainly get out of here. "Here, wait... the wife will die..." he says. The actor, this chronic drunkard, hopes to find a luxurious hospital in which health, strength, talent, memory and applause of the audience will miraculously return to him. Anna, the unfortunate sufferer, dreams of bliss and peace in which she will finally be rewarded for her torment and patience. Vaska Pepel, this desperate hero, kills Kostylev, the owner of the rooming house, because he considers the latter to be the embodiment of evil. His dream is to go to Siberia, where he and his girlfriend will start a new life.

The role of Luke in the work

Luke, the wanderer, supports these illusions. He has the skill of a comforter and a preacher. Maxim Gorky depicts this hero as a doctor who considers all people to be terminally ill and sees his vocation in alleviating their pain and hiding it from them. However, at every step, life refutes the position of this hero. Anna, to whom he promises a divine reward in heaven, suddenly wants to "live a little more ...". Believing at first in a cure for alcoholism, the Actor takes his own life at the end of the play. Vaska Pepel determines the true value of all these consolations of Luke. He claims that he "tells fairy tales" pleasantly, because there is so little good in the world.

Satin's opinion

Luka is full of sincere pity for the inhabitants of the rooming house, but he cannot change anything, help people live a different life. In his monologue, Satin rejects this attitude, because he considers it humiliating, suggesting the failure and wretchedness of those to whom this pity is directed. The main characters of the play "At the Bottom" Satin and Luka express opposite opinions. Satin says that it is necessary to respect a person and not humiliate him with pity. These words probably express the position of the author: "Man!.. That sounds... proud!"

The further fate of the heroes

What will happen to all these people in the future, will the heroes of Gorky's play "At the Bottom" be able to change something? It's easy to imagine them further fate. For example, Klesh. He tries to get out of the "bottom" at the beginning of the work. He thinks that when his wife dies, things will magically change for the better. However, after the death of his wife, Kleshch is left without tools and money and gloomily sings along with others: "I won't run away anyway." In fact, he will not run away, like the other inhabitants of the rooming house.

What is salvation?

Are there any ways of salvation from the "bottom", and what are they? A decisive way out of this difficult situation is perhaps outlined in Sateen's speech when he speaks of the truth. He believes that the purpose of a strong person is to eradicate evil, and not to comfort the suffering, like Luke. This is one of the firmest convictions of Maxim Gorky himself. "From the bottom" people can rise only by learning to respect themselves, gaining self-esteem. Then they will be able to bear the proud title of Human. It still needs to be earned, according to Gorky.

Declaring his faith in the creative forces, abilities and mind of a free person, Maxim Gorky affirmed the ideas of humanism. The author understood that in the mouth of Satin, a drunken tramp, the words about a free and proud man sound artificial. However, they should have sounded in the play, expressing the ideals of the writer himself. There was no one to say this speech to, except for Sateen.

Gorky in the work refuted the main principles of idealism. These are the ideas of humility, forgiveness, non-resistance. He made it clear what beliefs are the future. This is proved by the fate of the heroes of the play "At the bottom". The entire work is permeated with faith in man.

I dedicate Konstantin Petrovich Pyatnitsky

M. Gorky

Characters:

Mikhail Ivanov Kostylev, 54 years old, owner of a rooming house. Vasilisa Karpovna, his wife, aged 26. Natasha, her sister, 20 years old. Medvedev, their uncle, a policeman, 50 years old. Vaska Pepel, 28 years old. Klesch Andrey Mitrich, locksmith, 40 years old. Anna, his wife, 30 years old. Nastya, girl, 24 years old. Kvashnya, dumpling vendor, under 40 years old. Bubnov, kartuznik, 45 years old. Baron, 33 years old.

Satin Actor

about the same age: under 40 years old.

Luka, wanderer, 60 years old. Alyoshka, shoemaker, 20 years old.

Crooked goiter Tatarin

hookers

A few tramps without names and speeches.

Act one

Cave-like basement. The ceiling is heavy, stone arches, sooty, with crumbling plaster. The light is from the viewer and, from top to bottom, from the square window on the right side. The right corner is occupied by Pepel's room, fenced off with thin bulkheads, near the door to this room is Bubnov's bunk. In the left corner is a large Russian stove; in the left - stone - wall - the door to the kitchen, where Kvashnya, Baron, Nastya live. Between the stove and the door against the wall is a wide bed covered with a dirty cotton canopy. Everywhere on the walls - bunks. In the foreground, against the left wall, is a stump of wood with a vise and a small anvil attached to it, and another, lower than the first. On the last one, in front of the anvil, sits Tick, trying on the keys to old locks. At his feet are two large bundles of different keys, put on wire rings, a mangled samovar made of tin, a hammer, files. In the middle of the room there is a large table, two benches, a stool, everything is unpainted and dirty. At the table, by the samovar, Kvashnya hosts, the Baron chews black bread, and Nastya, on a stool, reads, leaning on the table, a disheveled book. On the bed, covered with a canopy, Anna coughs. Bubnov, sitting on the bunk, tries on old, ripped trousers on a blank for hats, clutched at his knees, thinking how to cut. Near him is a tattered cardboard from under a hat - for visors, pieces of oilcloth, rags. Satin has just woken up, lies on the bunk and - growls. On the stove, invisible, the Actor fumbles and coughs.

The beginning of spring. Morning.

Baron. Farther! Kvashnya. No, I say, dear, with this you go away from me. I, I say, experienced it ... and now - not for a hundred baked crayfish - I will not go down the aisle! Bubnov (Satina). What are you snoring?

Satin growls.

Kvashnya. So that I, I say, free woman, a mistress of her own, but she fit into someone’s passport so that I would give myself to a man in a fortress - no! Yes, even if he were an American prince, I would not think of marrying him. Mite. You're lying! Kvashnya. What about? Mite. You're lying! Marrying Abramka... Baron (grabbing a book from Nastya, reads the title)."Fatal love"... (Laughs.) Nastya (holding out hand). Give... give! Well... don't mess around!

The Baron looks at her, waving his book in the air.

Kvashnya (Tick). You are a red goat! There - you're lying! How dare you say such a bold word to me? Baron (hitting Nastya's head with a book). You are a fool, Nastya ... Nastya (takes away the book). Give... Mite. Great lady! .. And you will marry Abramka ... just what you are waiting for ... Kvashnya. Certainly! Still ... how! You beat your wife half to death... Mite. Shut up, old dog! It's none of your business... Kvashnya. Ah! Can't stand the truth! Baron. Started! Nastya - where are you? Nastya (without raising his head). Huh?.. Go away! Anna (poking his head out of the curtain). The day has begun! For God's sake... don't shout... don't swear! Mite. Tired! Anna. Every single day... let me die in peace! Bubnov. Noise is not a hindrance to death... Kvashnya (going up to Anna). And how did you, my mother, live with such a sinister thing? Anna. Leave... leave... Kvashnya. Oh well! Oh, you ... patient! .. Isn't it easier in the chest? Baron. Kvashnya! It's time for the market... Kvashnya. Let's go, now! (to Anna) Do you want hot ladies' dumplings? Anna. Don't... thanks! Why should I eat? Kvashnya. And you eat. Hot - softens. I’ll put it in a cup for you and leave it ... whenever you want, and eat! Let's go, master ... (I tick.) Oh, unclean spirit ... (Goes into the kitchen.) Anna (coughing). God... Baron (quietly pushes Nastya in the back of the head). Come on... fool! Nastya (mumbling). Get out... I'm not disturbing you.

The Baron, whistling, leaves for Kvashnya.

satin (getting up on the bunk). Who beat me yesterday? Bubnov. Don't you care?.. Satin. Let's put it this way... Why did they beat you? Bubnov. Did you play cards? Satin. Played... Bubnov. That's what they beat... Satin. M-bastards... Actor (poking his head out of the stove). One day you will be completely killed... to death... Satin. And you are an idiot. Actor. Why? Satin. Because you can't kill twice. Actor (after a pause). I don't understand... why not? Mite. And you get off the stove and clean the apartment ... why are you basking? Actor. This is none of your business... Mite. But Vasilisa will come - she will show you whose business ... Actor. To hell with Vasilis! Today it's the baron's turn to get out... Baron! Baron (leaving the kitchen). I have no time to clean up... I'm going to the market with Kvashnya. Actor. This does not concern me... go even to hard labor... and the floor of revenge is your turn... I will not work for others... Baron. Well, to hell with you! Nastenka will sweep... Hey, you, fatal love! Wake up! (Takes the book away from Nastya.) Nastya (getting up). What do you need? Give it to me! Mischievous! Also, the bar... BARON (giving away the book). Nastya! Sweep the floor for me, okay? Nastya (leaving for the kitchen). It is very necessary ... how! Kvashnya (at the door from the kitchen - to the Baron). And you - go! They'll leave without you... Actor! they ask you - you do it ... you won’t break, tea! Actor. Well... I always... don't understand... Baron (takes baskets out of the kitchen on a yoke. In them are pots covered with rags). Something hard today... Satin. You should have been born a baron... Kvashnya (to the actor). You look - sweep! (Goes out into the vestibule, letting the Baron pass in front of him.) Actor (getting off the stove). It's bad for me to breathe dust. (With pride.) My body is poisoned by alcohol... (Thinks, sitting on the bunk.) Satin. Organism... organon... Anna. Andrew Mitrich... Mite. What else? Anna. Kvashnya left me some dumplings there... take something to eat. Tick ​​(going up to her). And you won't? Anna. I don't want... What should I eat for? You are a worker... you need... Mite. Are you afraid? Don't be afraid...maybe more... Anna. Go eat! It's hard for me ... apparently, soon ... Tick ​​(departing). Nothing ... maybe - get up ... it happens! (Goes into the kitchen.) Actor (loudly, as if waking up suddenly). Yesterday, in the hospital, the doctor said to me: your body, he says, is completely poisoned by alcohol ... Satin (smiling). Organon... Actor (persistently). Not an organon, but or-ga-ni-zm ... Satin. Sicambre... Actor (waves at him). Eh, nonsense! I say - seriously ... yes. If the body is poisoned... it means that it is harmful for me to avenge the floor... to breathe dust... Satin. Macrobiotics... ha! Bubnov. What are you muttering? Satin. Words ... And then there is - trance-scendental ... Bubnov. What's this? Satin. I don't know... forgot... Bubnov. What are you talking about? Satin. So... I'm fed up, brother, with all human words... all our words are fed up! I heard each of them... probably a thousand times... Actor. The drama "Hamlet" says: "Words, words, words!" Good thing... I played the gravedigger in it... Mite (leaving the kitchen). Will you be playing with a broom soon? Actor. None of your business... (He hits his chest with his hand.)"Ophelia! Oh ... remember me in your prayers! .. "

Behind the stage, somewhere far away, there is a dull noise, screams, a policeman's whistle. The tick sits down to work and creaks with a file.

Satin. I love incomprehensible, rare words... When I was a boy... I served on the telegraph... I read a lot of books... Bubnov. Were you also a telegraph operator? Satin. Was ... (Smiling.) There are very good books... and a lot of curious words... I was an educated person... you know? Bubnov. Heard... a hundred times! Well, I was ... such importance! .. I was a furrier ... I had my own establishment ... My hands were so yellow - from paint: I tinted furs - such, brother, my hands were yellow - to the elbow ! I already thought that I wouldn’t wash it off until my death ... so I’ll die with yellow hands ... And now here they are, hands ... just dirty ... yes! Satin. So what? Bubnov. And nothing more... Satin. What do you mean? Bubnov. So... for consideration... It turns out - outside, no matter how you paint yourself, everything will be erased ... everything will be erased, yes! Satin. Ah... my bones hurt! Actor (sitting with hands on knees). Education is nonsense, the main thing is talent. I knew the artist ... he read the roles in warehouses, but he could play heroes in such a way that ... the theater crackled and staggered with the delight of the public ... Satin. Bubnov, give me a piglet! Bubnov. I only have two cents... Actor. I say talent, that's what a hero needs. And talent is faith in yourself, in your strength ... Satin. Give me a nickel, and I will believe that you are a talent, a hero, a crocodile, a bailiff ... Tick, give me a nickel! Mite. Go to hell! Lots of you here... Satin. What are you complaining about? Because you don't have a penny, I know... Anna. Andrey Mitrich... It's stuffy... it's hard for me... Mite. What will I do? Bubnov. Open the door to the canopy... Mite. Okay! You are sitting on the bunk, and I am on the floor ... let me go to my place, and open it ... and I already have a cold ... Bubnov (calmly). I don't need to open... your wife asks... Tick ​​(sullenly). Few people would ask for something ... Satin. My head is buzzing... eh! And why do people hit each other on the head? Bubnov. They are not only on the head, but throughout the rest of the body. (Rises.) Go and buy some thread... But our masters won't be seen for a long time today... they seem to have died. (Exits.)

Anna coughs. Sateen, throwing his hands under his head, lies motionless.

Actor (looking around sadly, approaches Anna). What? Badly? Anna. Stuffy. Actor. Do you want me to take you out into the canopy? Well, get up. (He helps the woman to get up, throws some kind of junk around her shoulders and, supporting her, leads her into the passage.) Well, well ... firmly! I am sick myself... poisoned by alcohol... Kostylev (at the door). To the walk? Oh, and a good couple, a ram and a yarochka ... Actor. And you - stand aside ... do you see - the sick are coming? .. Kostylev. Come on, please... (Singing something divine under his breath, he surveys the rooming house suspiciously and tilts his head to the left, as if listening to something in Ash's room.)

The tick violently jingles its keys and creaks with a file, scowling at its owner.

Do you squeak?

Mite. What? Kostylev. Are you squealing, I say?

Ah... that... what do you mean I wanted to ask? (Quickly and quietly.) Was your wife here?

Mite. Didn't see... Kostylev (carefully moving towards the door to Ash's room). How much space are you taking up with me for two rubles a month! Bed ... you sit yourself ... y-yes! For five rubles places, by God! I'll have to throw a fifty-kopeck piece on you... Mite. Throw a noose on me and crush ... You will die soon, but you keep thinking about fifty dollars ... Kostylev. Why push you? Who benefits from this? The Lord is with you, live, know, at your own pleasure... And I’ll throw a fifty dollars on you, I’ll buy oil in a lampada... and my sacrifice will burn in front of the holy icon... And for me sacrifice will go for the recompense of my sins, and for you too. After all, you yourself don’t think about your sins ... well, here ... Eh, Andryushka, you are an evil person! Your wife has withered away from your villainy... no one loves you, respects you... your work is creaky, restless for everyone... Tick ​​(shouting). Have you come to poison me?

Satin growls loudly.

Kostylev (with a start). Ek you, father ... Actor (included). He sat the woman in the hallway, wrapped ... Kostylev. You are kind, brother! Well that's... it'll all count to you... Actor. When? Kostylev. In the next world, brother... there everything, every deed of ours is taken into account... Actor. And you would reward me here for kindness ... Kostylev. How can I? Actor. Cut off half the debt... Kostylev. Hehe! You keep joking, sweetie, you keep playing... Is it possible to equate the kindness of the heart with money? Kindness is above all blessings. And your debt to me - this is the debt! So, you must compensate me for it ... Your kindness to me, an old man, must be rendered free of charge ... Actor. You are a rogue, old man... (Goes into the kitchen.)

The tick gets up and goes into the hallway.

Kostylev (to Satina). Is it a squeaker? Run away, hehe! He doesn't love me... Satin. Who - except the devil - loves you ... Kostylev (chuckling). What a scoundrel you are! But I love you all... I understand, you are my unfortunate, worthless, lost brothers... (Suddenly, quickly.) And... Vaska - at home? Satin. Look... Kostylev (goes to the door and knocks). Vasya!

The actor appears at the door from the kitchen. He is chewing something.

Ash. Who is this? Kostylev. It's me... me, Vasya. Ash. What do you need? Kostylev (moving back). Open... satin (without looking at Kostylev). He opens and she is there...

The actor snorts.

Kostylev (restlessly, quietly). A? Who is there? You... what? Satin. What? Are you talking to me? Kostylev. What did you say? Satin. This is me so ... to myself ... Kostylev. Look brother! Joke in moderation... yes! (He knocks hard on the door.) Basil!.. Ashes (opening the door). Well? What are you worried about? Kostylev (looking into the room). I... see - you... Ash. Did you bring money? Kostylev. I have a case for you... Ash. Did you bring money? Kostylev. Which? Wait a minute... Ash. Money, seven rubles, for a watch - well? Kostylev. What clock, Vasya?.. Oh, you... Ash. Well, you look! Yesterday, in front of witnesses, I sold you a watch for ten rubles... three - got it, seven - give me! Why are you blinking your eyes? Hanging around here, disturbing people... but he doesn't know his business... Kostylev. Shh! Don't be angry, Vasya... The clock is... Satin. Stolen... Kostylev (strictly). I don't accept stolen goods... how can you... Ash (takes him by the shoulder). Why are you disturbing me? What do you need? Kostylev. Yes... nothing to me... I'll leave... if you're like that... Ash. Go get the money! Kostylev (leaves.) What rude people! Ay-yay... Actor. Comedy! Satin. Good! This is what I love... Ash. Why is he here? Satin (laughing). You do not understand? He is looking for a wife ... and why don't you kill him, Vasily ?! Ash. I'm going to ruin my life because of such rubbish ... Satin. And you are smart. Then - marry Vasilisa ... you will be our master ... Ash. Great joy! You will not only drink all my household, but, by my kindness, you will drink me in a tavern ... (Sits on the bunk.) The old devil... woke me up... And I had a good dream: as if I was catching fish, and I got - a huge bream! Such a bream - only in a dream there are such things ... And so I lead him on a fishing rod and I'm afraid - the forest will break off! And I prepared a net ... now, I think, now ... Satin. This is not a bream, but Vasilisa was ... Actor. He caught Vasilisa a long time ago ... Ashes (angrily). Go to hell ... and with her too! Mite (enters from the hallway). Refrigerator... dog... Actor. Why didn't you bring Anna? Will freeze... Mite. Natasha took her to the kitchen with her ... Actor. The old man - kick out ... Mite (sitting down to work). Well... Natasha will bring... Satin. Basil! Give me a pin... Actor (Satina). Oh you ... nickel! Vasya! Give us two kopecks... Ash. It is necessary to give as soon as possible ... until you ask for a ruble ... on! Satin. Gibltarr! There are no better people in the world than thieves! Tick ​​(sullenly). They get money easily... They don't work... Satin. Many people get money easily, but few part with it easily... Work? Make the work pleasant for me - maybe I will work ... yes! May be! When work is pleasure, life is good! When work is a duty, life is slavery! (To the actor.) You, Sardanapal! Let's go... Actor. Let's go, Nebuchadnezzar! I'll get drunk - like ... forty thousand drunkards ... Ashes (yawning). What, how is your wife? Mite. Apparently soon... Ash. I look at you - in vain you creak. Mite. So what to do? Ash. Nothing... Mite. How will I eat? Ash. Do people live... Mite. These? What kind of people are they? Roar, golden company... people! I'm a working man... I'm ashamed to look at them... I've been working since I was little... Do you think I won't break out of here? I’ll get out... I’ll rip off my skin, and I’ll get out... Just wait... my wife dies... I lived here for half a year... but it’s still like six years... Ash. No one here is worse than you ... in vain you say ... Mite. No worse! They live without honor, without conscience... Ashes (indifferently). And where are they - honor, conscience? On your feet, instead of boots, you can’t put on either honor or conscience ... Honor-conscience is needed for those who have power and strength ... Bubnov (enters). Wow... chill! Ash. Bubnov! Do you have a conscience? Bubnov. What about? Conscience? Ash. Well, yes! Bubnov. What is the conscience? I am not rich... Ash. So I say the same thing: the rich need honor and conscience, yes! And Kleshch scolds us: no, he says, we have a conscience ... Bubnov. What did he want to do? Ash. He has a lot of his... Bubnov. So it's selling? Well, no one here will buy it. I would buy broken cardboard boxes ... and even then on credit ... Ashes (instructive). You are a fool, Andryushka! You would, about conscience, listen to Satina ... otherwise - the Baron ... Mite. I have nothing to talk about with them... Ash. They will be smarter than you... though they are drunkards... Bubnov. And who is drunk and smart - two lands in him ... Ash. Satin says: every person wants his neighbor to have a conscience, but, you see, it is not profitable for anyone to have one. And this is true...

Natasha enters. Behind her is Luka with a stick in his hand, with a knapsack over his shoulders, a bowler hat and a teapot at his belt.

Luke. Good health, honest people! Ash (smoothing his mustache). Ah, Natasha! Bubnov (Luke). It was honest, but the spring before last ... Natasha. Here is a new guest... Luke. I don't care! I respect crooks too, in my opinion, not a single flea is bad: they are all black, they all jump ... that's it. Where, honey, can I fit in? Natasha (pointing to the door to the kitchen). Go there, grandpa... Luke. Thank you girl! There, so there ... To the old man - where it is warm, there is the homeland ... Ash. What an interesting old man you brought, Natasha ... Natasha. More interesting than you ... Andrey! Your wife is in the kitchen with us ... you, after a while, come for her. Mite. Okay... I'll come... Natasha. You, tea, should treat her more kindly now ... after all, it won’t be long ... Mite. I know... Natasha. You know... It's not enough to know, you understand. It's scary to die... Ash. And I'm not afraid... Natasha. How! .. Courage ... Bubnov (whistling). And the threads are rotten ... Ash. Right, I'm not afraid! At least now - I will accept death! Take a knife, strike against the heart... if I die, I won't gasp! Even - with joy, because - from a clean hand ... Natasha (leaves). Well, you're talking teeth to others. Bubnov (drawn). And the threads are rotten ... Natasha (at the door to the hallway). Don't forget, Andrei, about your wife... Mite. Okay... Ash. Nice girl! Bubnov. The girl is nothing... Ash. Why is she with me ... right? Rejects... It doesn't matter, after all, it will disappear here... Bubnov. It will fall through you... Ash. Why - through me? I pity her... Bubnov. Like a wolf to a sheep... Ash. You're lying! I really... feel sorry for her... It's bad for her to live here... I see... Mite. Wait, Vasilisa will see you talking to her... Bubnov. Vasilisa? Y-yes, she won’t give her away for nothing ... the woman is fierce ... Ash (lays down on the bunk). Go to hell, both of you... prophets! Mite. You will see ... wait! .. Luke (in the kitchen, humming). In the middle of the eyes ... you can’t see the way ... Tick ​​(going into the canopy). Look howling ... too ... Ash. And it's boring ... why is it boring to me? You live, you live - everything is fine! And suddenly - you will definitely feel cold: it will become boring ... Bubnov. Bored? Mm... Ash. Hey! Luca (sings). Eh, and no way-at-and ... Ash. Old man! Hey! Luke (looking out the door). It's me? Ash. You. Do not sing. Luka (exits). Don't you love? Ash. When they sing well - I love ... Luke. Does that mean I'm not good? Ash. That is... Luke. Look you! And I thought I sing well. It always turns out like this: a person thinks to himself - I'm doing well! Grab - and people are unhappy ... Ashes (laughing). Here! Right... Bubnov. You say it's boring, but you yourself laugh. Ash. What about you? Crow... Luke. Who is bored? Ash. Me here...

The Baron enters.

Luke. Look you! And there, in the kitchen, the girl is sitting, reading a book and - crying! Right! Tears are flowing ... I tell her: honey, what are you doing, huh? And she is a pity! Whom do I pity? But, he says, in a book ... That's what a person does, huh? Also, apparently, out of boredom ... Baron. This is stupid... Ash. Baron! Did you drink tea? Baron. Drinking ... go on! Ash. Would you like me to put in half a bottle? Baron. Of course ... go on! Ash. Get on all fours, barking dog! Baron. Fool! Are you a merchant? Or is it drunk? Ash. Well, lay down! It will be funny to me ... You are a gentleman ... you had a time when you did not consider our brother a man ... and all that ... Baron. Well, go on! Ashes. What? And now I'm going to make you bark like a dog - you will... you will, won't you? Baron. Well, I will! Blockhead! What pleasure can you get from this, if I myself know that I have become almost worse than you? You would then make me walk on all fours when I was no match for you ... Bubnov. Right! Luca. And I will say - well! .. Bubnov. What was, was, but what remains is nothing but trifles... There are no masters here... everything faded away, one naked man remained... Luca. All, then, are equal ... And you, dear, were you a baron? Baron. What else is this? Who are you, kikimora? Luca (laughs). I saw the count and the prince ... but the baron - the first time I meet, and even then spoiled ... Ashes (laughs). Baron! And you confused me... Baron. It's time to be smarter, Vasily... Luca. Ehehe! I'll look at you, brothers - your life - oh-oh! .. Bubnov. Such a life that as you got up in the morning, so you howl ... Baron. Lived better... yes! I... used to... wake up in the morning and, lying in bed, drink coffee... coffee! - with cream ... yes! Luca. And everything is people! No matter how you pretend, no matter how you wiggle, but you were born a man, you will die a man ... And that's all, I look, smarter people become, more and more interesting ... and even though they live - it's getting worse, but they want - it's getting better ... stubborn! Baron. Who are you, old man? Where did you come from? Luca. Am I? Baron. Wanderer? Luca. We are all wanderers on earth... They say, I heard, that even our earth is a wanderer in the sky. Baron (strictly). That's right, well, do you have a passport? Luke (not immediately). And who are you, a detective? Ashes (joyfully). Clever, old man! What, Barosha, did you get hit too? Bubnov. N-yes, the master received ... Baron (embarrassed). Well, what is there? I'm... kidding, old man! I, brother, have no papers myself ... Bubnov. You're lying! Baron. That is... I have papers... but they are no good. Luca. They're papers, they're all like that... they're all useless. Ashes. Baron! Let's go to the tavern... Baron. Ready! Well, goodbye, old man... you rogue! Luca. It happens, honey... Ashes (at the door to the vestibule). Well, let's go, shall we? (Exits.)

The Baron quickly follows him.

Luca. Was the man really a baron? Bubnov. Who knows? Master, that's right... Even now, no, no, and suddenly he will show the master out of himself. Not out of the habit, apparently, yet. Luca. It is, perhaps, nobility - like smallpox ... and a person will recover, but the signs remain ... Bubnov. He's okay after all... Only sometimes he kicks like that... sort of about your passport... Alyoshka (enters drunk, with a harmony in his hands. Whistles). Hey residents! Bubnov. What are you yelling at? Alyoshka. Sorry! I am a polite person... Bubnov. Walked again? Alyoshka. As much as you like! Now the bailiff's assistant Medyakin has kicked him out of the police station and says: so that, he says, you don't smell like you on the street ... no, no! I am a person with character... And the owner snorts at me... And what is the owner? F-fe! There's only one misunderstanding... He's a drunkard, the master... And I'm such a person that... I don't want anything! I don't want anything and - sabbath! Here, take me for a ruble for twenty! And I don't want anything.

Nastya comes out of the kitchen.

Give me a million - I don't want to! And I don't want to be commanded by my comrade, a good man... a drunkard! I do not want!

Nastya, standing at the door, shakes her head, looking at Alyoshka.

Luke (good-naturedly). Oh man, you're confused... Bubnov. Human stupidity... Alyoshka (lays down on the floor). Come on, eat me! And I don't want anything! I am a desperate person! Explain to me - who am I worse? Why am I worse than others? Here! Medyakin says: don't go outside - I'll beat you in the face! And I - I'll go ... I'll go lie down in the middle of the street - crush me! I don't want anything! Nastya . Unfortunate! .. still young, and already ... it breaks so much ... Alyoshka (Seeing her, he gets on his knees.) Young lady! Mamzel! Parle francais... price list! I walked... Nastya (whispers loudly). Vasilisa! Vasilisa (quickly opening the door to Alyoshka). Are you here again? Alyoshka. Hello... please... Vasilisa. I told you, puppy, that your spirit should not be here... and you came again? Alyoshka. Vasilisa Karpovna... if I want you... play a funeral march? Vasilisa (pushing him on the shoulder). Out! Alyoshka (moving towards the door). Wait... you can't do that! Funeral march... recently learned! Fresh music... wait! you can not do it this way! Vasilisa. I'll show you - you can't ... I'll set the whole street on you ... you damned pagan ... you're young to bark about me ... Alyoshka (running out). Well I'm leaving... Vasilisa (to Bubnov). That his feet were not here! Do you hear? Bubnov. I'm not your keeper here... Vasilisa. And I don't care who you are! You live out of grace - don't forget! How much do you owe me? Bubnov (calmly). Didn't consider... Vasilisa. Look - I'll count! Alyoshka (opening the door, screaming). Vasilisa Karpovna! And I'm not afraid of you ... d-I'm not afraid! (Hides.)

Luka laughs.

Vasilisa. Who are you?.. Luca. Passing... wandering... Vasilisa. Sleep or live? Luca. I'll look there... Vasilisa. Pachport! Luca. Can... Vasilisa. Let's! Luca. I'll bring it to you... I'll drag it to your apartment... Vasilisa. Passer-by... too! I would say - a rogue ... getting closer to the truth ... Luke (sighing). Oh, and you are unkind, mother ...

Vasilisa goes to the door to Ash's room.

Alyoshka (looking out of the kitchen, whispering). Gone? a? Vasilisa (turns to him). Are you still here?

Alyoshka, hiding, whistles. Nastya and Luka laugh.

Bubnov (Vasilisa). He is not here... Vasilisa. Whom? Bubnov. Vaska... Vasilisa. Did I ask you about it? Bubnov. I see ... you look everywhere ... Vasilisa. I'm looking after the order - understand? Is that why you haven't meteno yet? How many times have I ordered to be clean? Bubnov. Revenge actor... Vasilisa. I don't care who! But if the orderlies come and impose a fine, then I ... all of you - get out! Bubnov (calmly). And what will you live? Vasilisa. So that there is no mote! (Goes into the kitchen. Nastya.) What are you doing here? That the face is swollen? What are you standing for? Sweep the floor! Natalya ... seen? Was she here? Nastya . I don't know... haven't seen... Vasilisa. Bubnov! Was your sister here? Bubnov. Ah... she brought him... Vasilisa. Was this one at home? Bubnov. Basil? There was ... She was talking to Kleshch, Natalya something ... Vasilisa. I'm not asking you - with whom! Dirt everywhere... dirt! Oh you... pigs! To be clean ... hear! (Quickly leaves.) Bubnov. How much atrocity is in her, in this woman! Luca. Serious butterfly... Nastya . You will go wild in such a life... Bind every living person to a husband like her... Bubnov. Well, she's not very tightly tied... Luca. Is she always so... torn? Bubnov. Always ... You see, she came to her lover, but he is not there ... Luca. It's a shame, so it happened. Oho-ho! How much it different people on earth he commands ... and frightens each other with all sorts of fears, but there is no order in life ... and there is no purity ... Bubnov. Everyone wants order, but there is a lack of reason. However, it is necessary to sweep ... Nastya! .. You should be busy ... Nastya . Well, yes, how! I'm your maid here ... (After a pause.) I'll get drunk today ... I'll get so drunk! Bubnov. And that's the thing... Luca. What makes you want to drink, girl? Just now you were crying, now you are saying - I'll get drunk! Nastya (provocatively). And I'll get drunk - I'll cry again ... that's all! Bubnov. A little... Luca. For what reason, tell me? After all, so, without a reason, and a pimple will not jump up ...

Nastya is silent, shaking her head.

So... Ehe-he... gentlemen people! And what will happen to you? .. Well, at least I will litter here. Where is your broom?

Bubnov. Behind the door, in the hallway...

Luke goes into the hallway.

Nastenka!

Nastya . A? Bubnov. Why did Vasilisa rush at Alyoshka? Nastya . He said about her that Vaska was tired of her and that Vaska wanted to leave her ... and take Natasha for herself ... I'll leave here ... to another apartment. Bubnov. What? Where? Nastya . I'm tired ... I'm superfluous here ... Bubnov (calmly). You are superfluous everywhere... and all the people on earth are superfluous...

Nastya shakes her head. He gets up, quietly goes into the hallway. Medvedev enters. Behind him is Luke with a broom.

Medvedev. Like I don't know you... Luca. Do you know the rest of the people? Medvedev. I should know everyone in my district... but I don't know you... Luca. This is because, uncle, not all of the land fit in your plot ... there is little left and besides it ... (Goes into the kitchen.) Medvedev (approaching Bubnov). That's right, my plot is small ... even worse than any big one ... Now, before changing from duty, I took the shoemaker Alyoshka to the unit ... I lay down, you understand, in the middle of the street, plays the accordion and yells: I don’t want anything, I don't want anything! Horses ride here and in general - movement ... can be crushed by wheels and so on ... A violent boy ... Well, now I ... introduced him. Loves the mess... Bubnov. Are you coming to play chess tonight? Medvedev. I will come. M-yes... And what... Vaska? Bubnov. Nothing... still the same... Medvedev. So... is he alive? Bubnov. Why shouldn't he live? He can live... Medvedev (doubting). Can?

Luke comes out into the hallway with a bucket in his hand.

Hmmm... here - the conversation is going on... about Vaska... haven't you heard?

Bubnov. I hear different conversations... Medvedev. As for Vasilisa, as if ... did not notice? Bubnov. What? Medvedev. So... in general... Maybe you know, you're lying? After all, everyone knows ... (Strictly.) You can’t lie, brother ... Bubnov. Why should I lie! Medvedev. That's it! Ah, dogs! They say: Vaska and Vasilisa ... they say ... but what about me? I am not her father, I am her uncle... Why laugh at me?...

Kvashnya enters.

What kind of people have become ... laughing at everyone ... Ah! You've come...

Kvashnya. My dear garrison! Bubnov! He again molested me at the market to get married ... Bubnov. Go ahead... what? He has money, and he is still a strong gentleman ... Medvedev. Am I? Ho-ho! Kvashnya. Oh you grey! No, you don’t touch me for this mine, for a sore spot! That, my dear, happened to me ... marrying a woman is the same as jumping into an ice hole in winter: you did it once - you remember it for life ... Medvedev. You - wait ... husbands - they are different. Kvashnya. Yes, I'm all the same! As my dear hubby died, - no matter how bottom he was, - so I sat alone all day for joy: I sit and still do not believe my happiness ... Medvedev. If your husband beat you ... in vain - you should have complained to the police ... Kvashnya. I complained to God for eight years - did not help! Medvedev. Now it is forbidden to beat wives ... now everything is strict and law-order! No one should be beaten in vain ... they beat - for the sake of order ... LUCA (enters Anna). Well, they crawled ... oh you! And is it possible to walk alone in such a weak composition? Where is your place? Anna (pointing). Thank you grandpa... Kvashnya. Here she is - married ... look! Luca. A butterfly of a very weak composition ... It walks along the hallway, clings to the walls and - groans ... Why are you letting it go alone? Kvashnya. Didn't see it, sorry, father! And her maid, apparently, went for a walk ... Luca. Here you are - laughing ... but is it possible to leave a person like that? He - whatever he is - is always worth his price ... Medvedev. Supervision is needed! Suddenly - die? The rigmarole will be from this ... You need to follow! Luca. That's right, mister under... Medvedev. Hmmm... at least I'm... not quite under... Luca. W-well? And visibility is the most heroic!

There is noise and clatter in the passage. There are muffled screams.

Medvedev. Nothing, a scandal? Bubnov. It seems... Kvashnya. Go take a look... Medvedev. And I have to go... Oh, service! And why separate people when they fight? They themselves would stop... after all, you get tired of fighting... Let them beat each other freely, as much as they like... they would fight less, because they would remember beatings longer... Bubnov (getting off the bunk). Talk to your boss about this... Kostylev (opening the door, screaming). Abram! Go... Vasilisa Natashka... kills... go!

Kvashnya, Medvedev, Bubnov rush into the hallway. Luka, shaking his head, looks after them.

Anna . Oh Lord... Poor Natasha!

In school years, many probably had a chance to get acquainted with the work of the respected Russian writer Maxim Gorky - the play “At the Bottom”, without embellishment, describing to all of us the familiar archetypes of people living in Russian realities.

Despite the fact that more than a century has passed since the publication of the drama, the situations that it touches on remain relevant today.

In this article, we will analyze in detail the image of the character Luke from this play, get acquainted with his statements and talk about the attitude of other heroes of the work towards him.

Where did the wanderer come from

does not reveal the secret the origin of Luke, only a fleeting mention of his wandering life. The wanderer has neither a homeland, nor at least some definite place of residence. He himself says this about it: "Old man – where it is warm, there is the homeland”.

The inhabitants of the rooming house are also not interested in the past of the old man, they are preoccupied with their problems and attempts "get out in public", and not drag out an existence “at the bottom” for the rest of your life.

Analysis of character characteristics

Luke appears before us in the form soft-hearted old man preaching goodness, love, pity and the will of a person to create his life as his heart tells.

An aura of peacefulness and understanding comes from the hero, which, of course, disposes the characters of the play to him, making them believe that the future is not hopeless and there is a chance to improve their social position, fulfill dreams and desires.

To everyone who, willy-nilly, ended up in a rooming house, Luke chooses the right words, gives everyone hope and encourages them to believe in their dreams, no matter how ridiculous they may seem to themselves and others.

But no matter how sweet and comforting the words of the wanderer sounded, they were only empty sounds, distracting roommates from everyday hardships, and not real support, giving strength to get out of poverty and dishonor.

However, Luka is not a liar, he just sincerely pities those around him and cheers them up, even if it is absolutely pointless and useless.

Luke's relationship with other characters in the play "At the Bottom"

The characters relate to the elder in two ways:

• alone ( thief Vaska Pepel, Actor, Anna, Nastya, Natasha) tell him with relief about their life, confess and receive in response the necessary pity, sympathy and soothing statements;
• other ( kartuznik Bubnov, Satin, Baron, Tick) do not trust a stranger too much and speak to him briefly and skeptically.

One thing is certain - nobody remained indifferent to the appearance of such an extraordinary personality in such a dirty and doomed place.

After the sudden disappearance of the wanderer, the fate of some characters has changed dramatically. The wife of the locksmith Kleshch, Anna, died of tuberculosis, the Actor could not come to terms with the hopelessness of his life and hanged himself, Vaska Pepel, due to an accidental murder, went to hard labor in Siberia, his dreams of honest life Natasha is finished. The rest of the heroes continued to while away their time in a rooming house, but at the same time started thinking about the meaning of their existence, their actions and the problems of others.

Parable of the Righteous Land

The parable of Luke tells us about a man who endured all the hardships and sufferings of earthly life, believing that there is a righteous land where people live in great relationships, help each other and never lie. One day he went to a local scientist he knew and asked him to show the righteous land on a map. He tried to find what he was looking for, but could not. Then the man got angry, hit the scientist, and then went home and strangled himself.

This parable seemed to predetermine the fate of several characters - the death of Anna and the Actor, the imprisonment of the thief Vaska. They believed that their own righteous land would be found for them, that it was possible to get out of the bottom, poverty, but this did not happen. Luka soon left, and with him the hope that warms the heroes of the play also left.

Quotes

The play "At the bottom" is rich thoughtful phrases and the statements of the characters, but perhaps the most significant of them are the words of Elder Luke.

Here are a few of his quotes, which should be analyzed and pondered by everyone who has read the play “At the Bottom” by Gorky:

“All of them are people! No matter how you pretend, no matter how you wiggle, but you were born a man, you will die a man ... "

"I do not care! I respect crooks too, in my opinion, not a single flea is bad: everyone is black, everyone jumps ... "

“You, girl, do not be offended ... nothing! Where is it, where are we to pity the dead? E, honey! We don’t feel sorry for the living… we can’t feel sorry for ourselves… where is it!”

“Here, then, you will die, and you will be calm ... you will not need anything else, and there is nothing to be afraid of!”

“... not in the word - the point, but - why is the word spoken? - that's the problem!"

Outcome

The image of the wanderer Luka in Maxim Gorky turned out to be very multifaceted and reflective major philosophical questions about life, love, principles and human priorities.

And not only Luke - all the characters in one way or another reflect those who we meet in real life.

The writer managed to reflect in his work entertaining philosophical and psychological ideas:

All of the above is important for a correct understanding of the work and simply the situations that happen to people around us, it teaches us to sympathize and set life priorities correctly.

Hero name	How did you get to the bottom?	Features of speech, characteristic remarks	What is dreaming about
Bubnov	In the past, he owned a dyeing workshop. Circumstances forced him to leave in order to survive, while his wife took up with the master. He claims that a person cannot change his fate, therefore he goes with the flow, sinking to the bottom.	Often shows cruelty, skepticism, lack of good qualities. "All people on earth are superfluous."	It is difficult to say that Bubnov is dreaming of something, given his negative attitude towards the world.
Nastya	Life forced her to become a prostitute, which is the social bottom.	A dreamy and romantic person who lives in love stories.	For a long time he dreams of great and pure love, continuing to engage in an ancient profession.
Baron	In the past he was a real baron, but fate decreed otherwise, and he lost all his wealth.	Continues to live in the past, does not perceive the ridicule of the inhabitants of the hut	The main dream is to return the past position and become a wealthy master again
Alyoshka	A perpetually drunk and jovial shoemaker who never tried to climb the social ladder. His frivolity and led him to the bottom.	“But I don’t want anything; I don’t want anything”, “But I’m a cheerful boy, but I’m a good one.”	Alyoshka is always happy with everything and it’s hard to say about any needs. Most likely, he dreams of "eternal sun and a warm breeze."
Vaska Pepel	A hereditary thief who was imprisoned twice.	A lovelorn, weak-tempered thief.	He dreams of leaving with Natalia for Siberia and starting life from a new leaf, becoming a respectable citizen.
Actor	He sank to the bottom due to constant drunkenness.	Often cites literary works.	She dreams of recovering from alcoholism, finding a job and getting out of the social hole.
Luke	A mysterious wanderer about whom little is known.	Comforts the heroes, teaches them to be kind and sympathetic, directs them on the true path.	Dreams of helping many in need.
satin	Once he killed a man, because of which he was sent to prison for 5 years.	“I'm tired of human words, brother… all our words are tired of me! I have heard each of them…probably a thousand times…”.	She dreams of creating her own philosophy and presenting it to people.

• What is the truth and what is a lie? Humanity has been asking this question for hundreds of years. Truth and lies, good and evil always stand side by side, one simply does not exist without the other. The clash of these concepts is the basis of many world-famous literary works. Among them is M. Gorky's socio-philosophical play "At the Bottom". Its essence lies in the clash of life positions and views of different people. The author asks a question typical for Russian literature about two types of humanism and its […]
• The revival of the name of Maxim Gorky after the revision of the place of his work in Russian literature and the renaming of everything that bore the name of this writer must definitely happen. It seems that the most famous of Gorky's dramatic legacy, the play "At the Bottom", will play a significant role in this. The drama genre itself suggests the relevance of the work in a society where there are many unresolved social problems, where people know what a rooming house and homelessness are. M. Gorky's play "At the Bottom" is defined as a socio-philosophical drama. […]
• In an interview about the play “At the Bottom” in 1903, M. Gorky defined its meaning as follows: “The main question that I wanted to pose is - which is better, truth or compassion? What is more needed? Is it necessary to bring compassion to the point of using a lie? This is not a subjective question, but a general philosophical one. At the beginning of the 20th century, the dispute about truth and comforting illusions was connected with the practical search for a way out for the disadvantaged, oppressed part of society. In the play, this dispute takes on a special intensity, since we are talking about the fate of people, […]
• The drama opens with an exposition in which the main characters are already presented, the main themes are formulated, and many problems are posed. The appearance of Luka in the rooming house is the plot of the play. From this moment begins the testing of various life philosophies and aspirations. Luke's stories about the "righteous land" climax, and the beginning of the denouement is the murder of Kostylev. The composition of the play is strictly subordinated to its ideological and thematic content. The basis of the plot movement is the verification of the life practice of the philosophy […]
• In the early 900s. dramaturgy became the leading one in Gorky's work: one after another, the plays “Petty Bourgeois” (1901), “At the Bottom” (1902), “Summer Residents” (1904), “Children of the Sun” (1905), “Barbarians” (1905) were created, "Enemies" (1906). The socio-philosophical drama "At the Bottom" was conceived by Gorky back in 1900, first published in Munich in 1902, and on January 10, 1903, the premiere of the play took place in Berlin. The performance was played 300 times in a row, and in the spring of 1905 the 500th performance of the play was celebrated. In Russia, “At the Bottom” was published by […]
• Chekhov's tradition in Gorky's dramaturgy. Gorky originally said about the innovation of Chekhov, who "killed the realism" (of the traditional drama), raising the images to a "spiritualized symbol." This is how the departure of the author of The Seagull from the sharp clash of characters, from the tense plot was determined. Following Chekhov, Gorky sought to convey the unhurried pace of everyday, "eventless" life and highlight in it the "undercurrent" of the characters' inner motives. Only the meaning of this "current" Gorky understood, of course, in his own way. […]
• The play "At the Bottom", according to Gorky, was the result of "almost twenty years of observation of the world" former people"". The main philosophical problem of the play is the dispute about the truth. Young Gorky, with his characteristic determination, took up a very difficult topic, over which the best minds of mankind are still struggling. Unambiguous answers to the question "What is truth?" not yet found. In the heated debates that the heroes of M. Gorky Luka, Bubnov, Satin are leading, the author’s own uncertainty comes through, the impossibility of […]
• Larra Danko Character Bold, resolute, strong, proud and too selfish, cruel, arrogant. Incapable of love, compassion. Strong, proud, but able to sacrifice his life for the people he loves. Courageous, fearless, merciful. Appearance A handsome young man. Young and handsome. Look Cold and proud as the king of beasts. Illuminates with power and vital fire. Family ties The son of an eagle and a woman Representative of an ancient tribe Life position Does not […]
• Gorky's life was full of adventures and events, sharp turns and changes. He began his literary activity with a hymn to the madness of the brave and stories glorifying the man-fighter and his desire for freedom. The writer knew the world of ordinary people well. After all, together with them he walked many miles along the roads of Russia, worked in ports, bakeries, for rich owners in the village, spent the night with them in the open, often falling asleep hungry. Gorky said that his walking around Russia was not caused […]
• The story "Old Woman Izergil" (1894) refers to the masterpieces of M. Gorky's early work. The composition of this work is more complex than the composition of others. early stories writer. The story of Izergil, who has seen a lot in his lifetime, is divided into three independent parts: the legend of Larra, Izergil's story about his life, and the legend of Danko. At the same time, all three parts are united by a common idea, the author's desire to reveal the value of human life. The legends about Larra and Danko reveal two concepts of life, two […]
• The life of M. Gorky was unusually bright and seems truly legendary. What made it so, first of all, was the inseparable connection between the writer and the people. The talent of the writer was combined with the talent of a revolutionary fighter. Contemporaries rightly regarded the writer as the head of the progressive forces of democratic literature. In the Soviet years, Gorky acted as a publicist, playwright and prose writer. In his stories, he reflected a new direction in Russian life. The legends about Larra and Danko show two concepts of life, two ideas about it. One […]
• Gorky's romantic stories include "The Old Woman Izergil", "Makar Chudra", "The Girl and Death", "The Song of the Falcon" and others. Their heroes are exceptional people. They are not afraid to speak the truth, they live honestly. Gypsies in the writer's romantic stories are full of wisdom and dignity. These illiterate people tell the intellectual hero deep symbolic parables about the meaning of life. The heroes Loiko Zobar and Rada in the story "Makar Chudra" oppose themselves to the crowd, live by their own laws. More than anything, they value […]
• In the work of early Gorky, a combination of romanticism and realism is observed. The writer criticized the "lead abominations" Russian life. In the stories "Chelkash", "Spouses Orlovs", "Once Upon a Fall", "Konovalov", "Malva" he created images of "tramps", people broken by the existing system in the state. The writer continued this line in the play "At the bottom". In the story "Chelkash" Gorky shows two heroes, Chelkash and Gavrila, a clash of their views on life. Chelkash is a vagabond and a thief, but at the same time he despises property and […]
• The beginning of the creative path of M. Gorky fell on a period of crisis in the social and spiritual life of Russia. According to the writer himself, the terrible “poor life”, the lack of hope among people, prompted him to write. Gorky saw the cause of the created situation primarily in man. Therefore, he decided to offer society a new ideal of a Protestant man, a fighter against slavery and injustice. Gorky knew well the life of the poor, from whom society turned away. In his early youth, he himself was a "tramp". His stories […]
• Two main characters appear in Maxim Gorky's story "Chelkash" - Grishka Chelkash - an old pickled sea wolf, an inveterate drunkard and a clever thief, and Gavrila - a simple village guy, a poor man, like Chelkash. Initially, the image of Chelkash was perceived by me as negative: a drunkard, a thief, all ragged, bones covered with brown leather, a cold predatory look, a gait like the flight of a bird of prey. This description causes some disgust, hostility. But Gavrila, on the contrary, is broad-shouldered, stocky, tanned, […]
• The greatest achievement of civilization is not a wheel or a car, or a computer or an airplane. The greatest achievement of any civilization, any human community is language, the way of communication that makes a person a person. No animal communicates with its own kind with the help of words, does not pass on records to future generations, does not build a complex non-existent world on paper with such plausibility that the reader believes in it and considers it real. Any language has endless possibilities for […]
• Poets and writers of different times and peoples used the description of nature to reveal the inner world of the hero, his character, mood. The landscape is especially important at the climax of the work, when the conflict, the problem of the hero, his internal contradiction are described. Maxim Gorky did not do without this in the story "Chelkash". The story, in fact, begins with artistic sketches. The writer uses dark colors (“the blue southern sky darkened by dust is cloudy”, “the sun looks through a gray veil”, […]
• Gorky’s early work (90s of the 19th century) was created under the sign of “gathering” the truly human: “I got to know people very early and from my youth I began to invent Man in order to satisfy my thirst for beauty. Wise people ... convinced me that I had ill-invented consolation for myself. Then I again went to the people and - it's so understandable! - again from them I return to the Man, ”Gorky wrote at that time. Stories from the 1890s can be divided into two groups: some of them are based on fiction - the author uses legends or […]
• Kirsanov N.P. Kirsanov P.P. Appearance A short man in his early forties. After an old fracture of the leg, he limps. Facial features are pleasant, the expression is sad. Handsome well-groomed middle-aged man. He dresses smartly, in the English manner. Ease in movements betrays a sporty person. Marital status Widower for over 10 years, very happily married. There is a young mistress Fenechka. Two sons: Arkady and six-month-old Mitya. Bachelor. Has been popular with women in the past. After […]
• Bazarov E. V. Kirsanov P. P. Appearance A tall young man with long hair. Clothes are poor and unkempt. Pays no attention to his own appearance. Handsome middle aged man. Aristocratic, "thoroughbred" appearance. Carefully looks after himself, dresses fashionably and expensively. Origin The father is a military doctor, a poor simple family. Nobleman, son of a general. In his youth, he led a noisy metropolitan life, built a military career. Education Very educated person. […]

To the question Heroes of the play At the Bottom, asked by the author Embassy the best answer is BUBNOV - a kartuznik, he is 44 years old, in the past a furrier, a cat named Ashes. -et "crow". He claims that people are governed by immutable ruthless laws, therefore people mercilessly swim with the flow of life, powerless to change anything in their destiny and in the world around them. The truth of Bubnov is "the prose of fact".
Nastya (24 years old) - LIVES ON A YELLOW TICKET. She creates her life only in imagination, plunging into the world romance novels. It does not come into contact with reality and does not affect it.
BARON (33 years old) - he also lives in his past, but in excellent grades. from us, really former. He belongs. to the old noble family, was rich, had serfs, houses in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but went bankrupt.
ALYOSHKA (20 years old) - shoemaker. he forms his life principle in the following way: "But I don't want anything; I don't want anything."
VASKAYA PEPEL (28 years old) - a thief, was imprisoned twice for theft. Listening to Luka, he dreams of leaving with Natalya for Siberia, to start a new life. But, instigated by Vasilisa, he kills her husband, Kostylev, in a fight, and. Once again, he faces jail time.
ACTOR (40 years old) - they do not know his true name, because it was erased in the process of destroying his personality. Stage name - Sverchkov-Zadunaisky. He is an alcoholic. The actor seized on Luka's advice about a trip to the hospital, exalted this illusion, and when he understood. that Luke's lie is more important than the truth - he hanged himself.
LUKA (60 years old) - his image is dual. From one. side he has the name of an apostle. He is driven by pity for people and tries to help them. On the other hand, Luke, like the evil one, seduces people with hope, "the poetry of fact", that is, the truth of the ideal that kills many people (Ash, Actor).
SATIN (40 years old) - in the past he served in the telegraph office, killed a man (because of his sister), served 4 years 7 months in prison. He is Luke's constant reasoner in the play. Satin puts in c. of his life philosophy, the concept of "free man", which is understood as free from everything (from love, from affection, from pity ....)

Answer from Lyubov Shkodin[guru]
ACTOR - laments that he "lost his name", his stage name in the past is Sverchkov-Zavolzhsky. He constantly recalls his acting past and quotes letters. product. He believes Luke's story about an alleged free hospital for alcoholics. When he realizes that this is not true, he commits suicide. His fate is clearly associated with the fate of the hero of the "parable of the righteous land" that Luke tells. ANNA - the wife of Kleshch (about 30 years old), tells Luka that she was never full, she shook over a piece of bread all her life, she suffered, so as not to eat more than others, she walked in rags all her life. Anna is dying. KLESHCH - Anna's husband (older than her), cannot get out of poverty, is concerned about how much money he will bury Anna with, is afraid that he will have to sell his instrument, is very inattentive to his wife. Vaska Pepel is a thief, he is not afraid of anyone, the owner of the rooming house Kostylev buys stolen things from him. He is the lover of Kostylev's wife Vasilisa. He wants to get rid of her, because he is in love with her sister Natasha, whom Vasilisa, out of anger, specially because of Vaska, will scald her legs. BUBNOV - lives in a rooming house on credit, once, in his words, was the owner of a dyeing workshop. It is characterized by cynical fatalism. He accepts no moral responsibility, Claiming he has no conscience because he is "not rich". LUKA - an elderly wanderer, appears for a while in a rooming house. Resembles a member of a religious sect, the character's name is associated with an evangelist. He believes that the truth is not needed by a person. For a person, the most important thing is consolation or even deceit - a "golden dream" (the true truth of life is too harsh 0 "butt for people"). He believes that a person should be able to pity, especially when it’s hard for him, that he needs to be compassionate (he persuades Anna not to be afraid to die - there the angels and the Lord are waiting for her, tells the Actor about the hospital). SATIN - calls to open your eyes to life's contradictions and problems. In his opinion, one must live in the present, soberly assessing reality, but at the same time dreaming about the future, based on the present, not detached from real life. And this is the real Truth. "Man - that's the truth! Everything is in a person, everything is for a person! There is only a person, everything else is the work of his hands and brain! Man! This is magnificent! This sounds ... proud! 2. "Lie is the religion of slaves and masters ... The truth is the god of a free man! "

Answer from Dima Kalinin[newbie]
BUBNOV is a kartuznik, he is 44 years old NASTYA 24 YEARS OLD PROSTITUTE BARON (33 years old) ALESHKA (20 years old) - shoemaker VASKA PEPEL (28 years old) - thief, ACTOR (40 years old) LUKA (60 years old) SATIN (40 years old) - served in the past by telegraph