The principles of Olympism are set out in. Physical education test (grade 8) on the topic: Olympic Games (test). Olympic education system
All-Russian Physical Education Olympiad for Schoolchildren, 2015/2016
School stage
7-8 grades
Theoretical tour
1. Specificity physical education consists in ...
and. increasing the adaptive capabilities of the human body.
b. the formation of motor skills and human skills
in. creating favorable conditions for human development.
d. upbringing of the physical qualities of a person.
2. Physical fitness is ...
and. physical education with a pronounced applied effect.
b. a level of development characterized by high working capacity.
in. the process of teaching movements and education of physical qualities.
d. the process of strengthening health and increasing motor abilities.
3. The fundamental principles of modern Olympism are set forth in ...
and. Regulations on Olympic Solidarity. b. Olympic oath.
in. Olympic Charter. g. Bye-law of the IOC.
4. The term "Olympiad" in ancient Greece meant ...
and. the first year of four years, at the onset of which celebrating the Olympic Games.
b. four-year period between the Olympic Gamesmi.
in. year of the Olympic Games. d. competitions held during the Olympic games.
5. Human endurance does not depend on ...
and. energy capabilities of the body. b. perseverance, endurance, courage.
in. technical readiness. d. the maximum frequency of movements.
6. Basic physical culture is mainly orifocused on providing ...
and. preparation for professional activity. b. development of the reserve capabilities of the human bodyka. in. preservation and restoration of health. d. physical fitness of a person for life.
7. The final stage of preparing athletes for the Games in ancient Greece was held in a special room called ...
A. hippodrome. B. palestra. V. stadium. G. amphitheater.
8. The Ancient Greek Games of the Olympiad were celebrated ...
and. near Mount Olympus. b. in Athens. in. in Sparta. in Olympia.
9. The Games of the Olympiad are held ...
and. depending on the decision of the IOC. b. during the first year of the celebrated Olympics.
in. during the last year of the celebrated Olympics.
during the second calendar yearnext year after the start of the Olympics.
10. Types of physical activity that have a beneficial effect on the physical state and human development, it is customary to call ...
and. physical development. b. physical exercise.
in. physical labor. g. physical education.
11. Health problems in the process of physical education are solved on the basis of ...
and. ensuring full physical development. b. improving physique.
in. hardening and physiotherapy procedures. d. formation of motor skills and abilities.
12. Tasks for strengthening and maintaining health in the process of physical
upbringing is decided on the basis of ...
and. hardening and physiotherapy procedures. b. improving physique.
in. ensuring full physical development. d. formation of motor skills and abilities.
13. The health-improving value of physical exercise determines them ...
and. form b. content in. hygiene technique.
14. What exercises are not effective in shaping the physique?
and. Exercises to improve the speed of movement.
b. Exercise to help you lose body weight.
in. Exercises combined in the form of a circuit training.
d. Exercises to increase muscle mass.
15. A healthy lifestyle is a way of life aimed at ...
and. development of the physical qualities of people. b. maintaining high performance of people.
in. preservation and improvement of people's health. d. preparation for professional activity.
16. The International Olympic Committee has decided to hold the Winter Olympic Games in…. year.
and. 1923 b. 1924 c. 1925 1926
17. The main cause of poor posture is ...
but muscle weakness. b. the habit of certain postures.
in. lack of movement during school lessons. d carrying bags, briefcase in one hand.
18. The emergence of physical exercise is historically due mainly to ...
and. the level of development of primitive people. b. conditions of human existence.
in. the nature of the labor and military actions of people. d. the geographical location of human habitation.
19. The basis of the methodology for the education of physical qualities is ...
and. age adequacy of the load. b. training in motor actions.
in. exercise. d. a gradual increase in the force of impact.
20. Sports and play activity is characterized by ...
and. educational and developmental focus. b. a small number of relatively standard situations.
in. inconsistency and uncertainty of the structure of the participants' activities.
d. the high importance of the quality of the performance of the role in relation to the desire to win.
21. The normative functions of physical culture are especially pronounced in ...
and. sports. b. basic physical education.
in. school physical education. conditioned physical culture.
22. The need for physical improvement belongs to the category ...
and. biological. b. motives. in. habits. d. beliefs.
23. The main indicator characterizing the stages of development of an organism is ...
and. biological age. in. skeletal and dental age. b. calendar age. d. sensitive period.
24. Heart rate (pulse) in a wide range of loads characterizes ...
and. the speed of blood flow in working muscles. b. the level of oxygen consumption by the body.
in. speed of movement of body links. d. the amount of glycogen spent on work.
25. Olga Danilova, Galina Kulakova, Larisa Lazutina, Raisa Smetanina, Vyacheslav Vedenin, Vladimir Smirnov, Evgeny Dementiev - Champions of the Olympic Games in ...
and. cross-country skiing. b. biathlon. in. gymnastics. d. swimming.
Based on the application of theoretical research methods, such as a logical-analytical analysis of modern concepts of education and Olympic education, a comparative analysis of the theory and practice of Olympic education, a qualitative analysis of educational documentation and the general theory of building systems, the basic principles and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism are identified, system-forming components are identified and ways of the Olympic education of the population through the organization of the activities of regional Olympic academies.
The main ideas and ideals of Olympism are the struggle for peace, peaceful coexistence of the inhabitants of the planet earth, respect and mutual understanding between peoples, the creation of a peaceful society, the preservation of human dignity, versatile and harmonious development of the individual through physical education and sports.
One of the main tasks of the Olympic academies is the study, dissemination and popularization of Olympism, the Olympic ideals, the Olympic Games, and the promotion of the spiritual, moral and physical development of the individual. The fundamental Olympic values \u200b\u200bset out in the Olympic Charter are implemented through National Olympic Committees and National and Regional Olympic Academies.
The International Olympic Movement is an integral part of the activities of the modern Olympic Committee - five intertwined multi-colored rings - one of the most
recognizable and popular signs in the world. In many countries of the world, at the initiative of the International Olympic Committee, national Olympic committees, international and national Olympic academies, physical culture and sports higher educational institutions, through the media, active activities have been organized to introduce Olympic education, knowledge about Olympism, Olympic sports into the daily life of mankind , Olympic Games, Olympic Ideal.
Keywords:olympic education; Olympic Academy; management of the Olympic education process; ideas and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism; the goal and objectives of Olympic education; the goal and objectives of the Olympic academies.
Despite the general recognition of the enormous educational and upbringing potential of Olympism in modern world practice, it is underutilized.
The fundamental principles and patterns of functioning of such a social and social phenomenon as the Olympic movement are set out in the Olympic Charter, latest version which entered into force on September 1, 2004. It emphasizes the role of Olympism as a system of physical education in the implementation of the idea of \u200b\u200bharmonious development of human personality, defines the content and spirit of the Olympic movement (Fig. 1).
Figure 1. The Olympic Movement and the Place of the Olympic Academies
Through the dissemination of the fundamental principles and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism, the population forms value judgments about Olympism and a healthy lifestyle. This process is ensured by organizing the systemic impact of a large number of system-forming factors, which can be conditionally grouped into two groups: 1) objectively existing (economic state; social problems of the development of society and science, including the complex of human sciences and methods of its formation; technological factors; organization of the system and process of physical and sports education; pedagogical technologies; the level of socio-cultural development, demographic status, etc.); 2) subjective factors that determine the attitude of the individual to Olympism as a phenomenon, to the system of physical culture; physical condition and education in the field of physical culture as a systemic effect of one's own attitude to a healthy lifestyle, etc.
The leading factors include objectively existing ones, which, with the correct organization of their interaction, can change the state of a group of subjective factors, while ensuring the formation of Olympic culture and public opinion on olympism. This happens primarily through the Olympic education, which is an element of the Olympic movement and performs a number of general cultural, pedagogical and specific functions.
The concept of "Olympic education" includes two components. The word "Olympic" means that its goal setting, content, means and methods are determined by the tasks of the Olympic movement and are based on the basic ideas of Olympism. The word "education" in this concept means the subordination of the process and technology of the implementation of the idea of \u200b\u200bOlympism to the general laws, laws and principles of building the pedagogical process.
According to the Olympic Charter, “Olympism is a philosophy of life that uplifts and unites in a balanced whole the dignity of body, will and mind. Olympism, combining sport with culture and education, seeks to create a lifestyle based on the joy of effort, on the educational value of good example and on respect for universal basic ethical principles. "
From this fragment of the document it follows that Olympism is a certain philosophical concept that includes a complex of various ideas, including humanistic ideals concerning the relationship between people of different races, nationalities, religions, etc.
A distinctive feature of the philosophical concepts of Olympism is that it is focused on the implementation of ideals close to all people with the help of sports. The essential features of Olympism are ideas, principles, goals and objectives expressed in programs, functions, management system and organizational structure the international Olympic movement and constituting the content and methodological basis of Olympic education. The main ideas and ideals of Olympism include the following:
1) giving sport the status of a means of fighting for peace and peaceful coexistence, mutual understanding and mutual respect, creating a peaceful society that cares about the preservation of human dignity;
2) ensuring, through the system of sports and participation in the Olympic movement, the dominant of friendship and cooperation between athletes and people of all countries and continents, the elimination of any forms of discrimination (for political, racial, social, religious and other reasons);
3) versatile and harmonious development of personality by means of sports and physical culture.
From the list of ideas and ideals of Olympism follows the set of goals of the Olympic movement, which can include the dissemination of the principles, ideas and ideals of Olympism, the promotion of the organization and development of Olympic sports, the promotion of sport and the possibilities of its use for the physical, moral, aesthetic education of a person, the education of youth with with the help of sports in the spirit of mutual understanding, friendship, etc.
Some targets overlap with the tasks of the system of general and vocational education, and others - with the tasks of the system of physical education. Therefore, the system of the Olympic education itself is closely connected with other public institutions of personality formation in society and is its integral and integral part.
The analysis of the content of the concepts gives grounds to conclude that the Olympic education (Fig. 2) should be understood as teaching activities, aimed at the formation and improvement of the system of knowledge, abilities, skills, abilities and qualities, the totality of which allows the individual to be guided by the ideals of Olympism when choosing a lifestyle, determines the formation of the Olympic culture of the individual and society, the adoption of ideology by society healthy way life.
The analysis of the opinions of scientists on the content of Olympic education presented in various publications makes it possible to determine a set of tasks that determine the content and distribute them into the following blocks:
- awareness of the role, ideals and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism;
- the formation of motivation for the active development of the values \u200b\u200bof the Olympic movement and the formation of an active attitude to one's body and spirit;
- the formation and development of a complex of humanistically oriented skills, skills, abilities related to the way of life in children and youth by means of sports, with the determination of their own place in society.
Fig. 2. Some characteristics of the Olympic education process
The use of a set of tools for solving the listed tasks should ensure the formation of a set of personal characteristics of a person, which form the basis of his Olympic culture.
Determining the content of Olympic education, it is impossible to ignore the models built on the integration of physical culture, sports, spiritual, moral and aesthetic values. Among them, the Spartan model of organizing cultural and sports work with children, adolescents and youth, developed by V.I. Stolyarov and his followers T.N. Gubareva, A.G. Egorov, G.F. Shaporenkova, E. A. Lubyshev and named by the leading scientists of the modern theory of physical education V. K. Balsevich and L. I. Lubysheva (2001) "the brainchild of Russia and the international heritage." This model, based on the fundamental ideals and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism, is undoubtedly a qualitatively new step in the development of the Olympic education system in Russian Federation.
Until now the largest part research in the field of Olympic education related to organizational and methodological problems, that is, to the definition of the content of education, the principles of knowledge formation, general approaches to the selection of material. At the current level of development of Olympic education, there is a need for new forms, means and methods of activating Olympic education, the use of which is due to new information technologies.
The creation of the system of Olympic education in Russia is closely related to the tasks and challenges of the time to Olympism. At the same time, the Russian system of Olympic education has always been at the forefront of the world process. In 1994, at the XI Olympic Congress in Paris, the problem of resolving "the contradiction between the high level of sports development achieved over several decades and the low level of implementation of the ideals and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism in the education process, in particular for children and youth, was considered as the most urgent and important problem." At the same time, in the final document of this Olympic Congress it was written: "The dissemination of the ethical, cultural and educational values \u200b\u200bof Olympism should be intensified by all participants in the Olympic movement." The Congress pointed to the coordinating role of the International and National Olympic Academies in this area of \u200b\u200bwork. In its decisions, Congress drew on the experience of the IOC steering committee called National Olympic Committees in Action: Olympic Ideals through Education, chaired by Carol Ann Leteren, IOC Canada Member. However, long before that, in 1987, the USSR Olympic Academy (Moscow) was created in the USSR, which worked effectively until the collapse of the USSR. Since 1991, it began to function as the Central Olympic Academy (Moscow). Therefore, the Russian experience, along with the developments of other national systems of Olympic education, became the basis for the implementation of the idea of \u200b\u200bOlympic education.
The first decisions to create an Olympic education system through public bodies - the Olympic academies - were made government bodies (Order of the Goskomsport of the RSFSR dated June 8, 1989 "On the organization of regional academies"), which in principle is incorrect, however, the decision itself turned out to be fruitful and is perceived as a historical fact that does not require change.
Most of the Olympic academies were created in 1989 and 1995. They were called upon to explain and promote the values, ideals, goals, objectives and principles of Olympism, to ensure the introduction of Olympic education in the regions, and to coordinate research work on the problems of the Olympic movement. This unique system has accumulated significant experience in the implementation of Olympic education and the popularization of Olympic ideals in the Russian Federation. Great importance in the dissemination of the ideas of Olympism in the Russian Federation is attached to the activities of voluntary public organizations - regional Olympic academies. At present, twelve academies function on the basis of physical culture universities in Russia.
The purpose of the Academy is to study, disseminate, popularize the development of humanistic values, principles, ideals of Olympism, the Olympic movement and the Olympic Games; assistance in the implementation of the spiritual, moral and physical perfection of the individual in the name of strengthening peace, friendship between the peoples of all countries and continents. The realization of the goal is ensured by solving such problems as:
- explanation and promotion in the Russian Federation of humanistic values, ideals, goals and objectives, the principles of Olympism, the Olympic movement, the Olympic Games;
- assistance to the comprehensive development of physical culture, elite sports, the Olympic movement in the country;
- organization and coordination of research work on the problems of the international sports and Olympic movement, including philosophical, historical, sociological, pedagogical and other aspects;
- peer review and expert assessment in agreement with the university of dissertations, scientific articles and other publications on Olympic topics;
- training and advanced training of Russian and foreign specialists in the field of the international sports and Olympic movement.
In addition to the aforementioned Order of the Goskomsport of the RSFSR for the development of the system of Olympic education and the Olympic academies of Russia as bodies involved in this work, a joint order of the Minister of Education of Russia E.V. Tkachenko and President of the Russian Olympic Committee V.G. Olympic education in schools, which opened the way for the formation and development of a continuous system of Olympic education.
Assessing the activities of the Russian Olympic academies in 1999, Vice-President of the Russian Olympic Committee Vladimir Rodichenko called his article "Anniversary Report on the Implementation of the Olympic Charter at One Thousand Two Hundred Percent". That is, the formed system of Olympic education was assessed by a leading specialist in this field at a level that evokes an emotional desire to emphasize the success and effectiveness of the implemented approaches.
The Olympic Academy is a community organization. The social status of the organization gives it the right to enjoy a number of freedoms associated with the order and conditions of functioning. However, the experience accumulated over the years and obedience to uniform national requirements while fulfilling the uniform targets set for all has led to the coincidence of a large number of systemic components of the activities of the Olympic academies.
Thus, the fundamental principles and regularities of the functioning of the Olympic movement, set out in the Olympic Charter, are implemented through the National Olympic Committees (NOCs), and public regional Olympic academies act as institutions through which the solution of the main tasks of the National Olympic Committees passes.
Based on the foregoing, research should be carried out to enhance the performance of existing regional Olympic academies.
LITERATURE
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- Stolyarov V. I. The concept of the Spartan movement / V. I. Stolyarov // Physical culture: upbringing, education, training. - 2001. - No. 1. - S. 4-11.
- Stolyarov V.I.Sparttian socio-pedagogical technology of health improvement, recreation and integral development of personality / V.I. Stolyarov. - M.: Center for the Development of Spartan Culture, 2006 .-- 248 p.
- Be a Ghampion in Life // Foundation of Optr and Sport Education (F.O.S.E). - Athens, Greece, 2000 .-- P. 274.
- Filaretos N. The educational requirements оf оf ооmpism in its реsent рhilosophical dimension and сommegsiolization in sорt - JA 32 Session. -YuS. 1992 .-- P. 44.
- Gessman. R. Fair play in Olympic Education and its practice in scools / R. Gessman // A Paper Presented to the 1st Joint International Session for Responsible of Higher Institutes оf PE ^^! Education. International О1mpic Аcademy, 24-31 July 1993. -12 p.
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES AND VALUES OF OLYMPISM AND THEIR SPREADING THROUGH REGIONAL OLYMPIC ACADEMIES
A. Bannikov, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciencies, Professor of the Theory and Methods of Sports Games
Department, Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism
N. Bannikova, Post-graduate student, Adyghe State University
Contact information for correspondence: 350015, Krasnodar, Budennogo st., 161.
On the basis of application of investigational theoretical methods such as logic and analytical analysis of modern concepts of education and Olympic education, comparative analysis of the theory and practice of Olympic education, qualitative analysis of the educational documentation and the general theory of systems building, the basic principles and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism were determined, backbone components were emphasized and the ways of the population's Olympic education spreading through the organization of the regional Olympic Academies activities were identified.
One of the main tasks of the Olympic Academies is the study, dissemination and promotion of Olympism, Olympic ideals, the Olympic Games, spiritual, moral and physical development of the individual. Implementation of the fundamental Olympic values \u200b\u200bof the Olympic Charter is done through the National Olympic Committees and National and Regional Olympic Academy.
International Olympic movement is an integral part of the modern Olympic Committee - five interlocking colored rings are one of the most recognizable and popular symbols in the world.
In many countries around the world on the initiative of the International Olympic Committee, National Olympic Committees, International and National Olympic Academies, Physical Training and Sports Institutions of Higher Education through the media the activity of implementation to the daily life of Olympic education, knowledge about Olympism, Olympic sports, the Olympic Games, Olympic ideals is organized.
Keywords:Olympic education, Olympic Academy, Olympic education management process, ideas and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism, the purpose and objectives of the Olympic education, the purpose and objectives of the Olympic Academies.
Reference:
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INTERNATIONAL
OLYMPIC
THE COMMITTEE
OLYMPIC CHARTER
All rights reserved
Preamble. five
2. Tasks and role of the IOC *. 6
. 6
3. Recognition by the IOC .. 7
4. Olympic Congress. 7
Bye-law to Rule 4. 7
5. Olympic Solidarity. 7
Bye-law to Rule 5. 7
6. Olympic Games .. 8
Bye-law to Rule 6. 8
7. Rights to the Olympic Games and Olympic Property *. 8
8. Olympic symbol *. 8
9. Olympic flag *. 9
10. Olympic motto *. 9
11. Olympic emblems *. 9
12. Olympic Anthem *. 9
13. Olympic flame, Olympic torches *. 9
14. Olympic signs. 9
Bye-Laws to Rules 7-14. 9
Chapter 2. International Olympic Committee (IOC). 12
15. Legal status. 12
16. Members of the IOC *. 12
1. Composition. 12
2. Responsibilities. thirteen
3. Loss of IOC membership. 13
4. Honorary President - Honorary Members of the IOC - Members of the IOC Honor. 14
17. Organization. 16
18. Session *. 16
Bye-law to Rule 18. 16
19. IOC Executive Board .. 17
1. Composition: 17
2. Elections, terms of office, renewal of mandates and vacancies. 17
3. Powers, areas of responsibility and responsibilities. 17
4. Delegation of authority. eighteen
Bye-law to Rule 19. 18
20. President *. eighteen
Bye-law to Rule 20. 19
21. IOC Commissions *. 19
Bye-Law 21. 19
22. IOC Ethics Commission *. 20
Bye-law to Rule 22. 20
23. Measures and sanctions *. 20
Bye-law to Rule 23. 21
24. Languages. 22
25. IOC Resources .. 22
Chapter 3. International Sports Federations (IFs) 22
26. Recognition of IFs. 22
27. Mission and role of IFs within the Olympic Movement. 22
Chapter 4. National Olympic Committees (NOCs) 23
28. Mission and role of the NOC. 23
29. Composition of NOCs *. 24
Bye-Laws 28 and 29. 24
30. National Federations. 26
31. Country and name of the NOC. 26
32. Flag, emblem and anthem of the NOC. 26
Chapter 5. Olympic Games ... 27
33. Hosting the Olympic Games *. 27
Bye-Law to Rule 33. 27
34. Choice of the host city of the Olympic Games *. 27
Bye-Law to Rule 34. 27
35. Place, cities and facilities of the Olympic Games *. 28
Bye-Law to Rule 35. 28
36. Organizing Committee *. 28
Bye-law to Rule 36. 28
37. Responsibility - suspension of the organization from the Olympic Games. 29
38. Olympic Games Coordination Commission - liaison between the NOC and the OCOG *. 29
Bye-law to Rule 38. 29
39. Olympic Village *. thirty
Bye-Law to Rule 39. 30
40. Cultural program. thirty
Bye-law to Rule 41. 31
42. Citizenship of the participants *. 31
Bye-law to Rule 42. 31
43. Age restrictions. 31
44. Olympic Movement Anti-Doping Code. 31
45. Invitations and applications *. 31
Bye-Law to Rule 45. 32
46. \u200b\u200bProgram of the Olympic Games *. 33
Bye-law to Rule 46. 33
47. Technical Provisions for IFs at the Olympic Games *. 35
Bye-Law to Rule 47. 35
48. Youth camp. 37
49. Media coverage of the Olympic Games *. 37
Bye-law to Rule 49. 37
50. Editions related to the Olympic Games *. 38
Bye-law to Rule 50. 38
Bye-law to Rule 51. 38
52. Protocol. 39
53. Olympic Identity Card and Accreditation Card and the Rights Granted by Them. 40
54. Use of the Olympic flag. 40
55. Use of the Olympic flame. 40
56. Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the Olympic Games. 40
57. Ceremonies of awarding and presentation of medals and diplomas. 41
58. Honorary List. 41
59. Disputes - Arbitration .. 41
Abbreviations used in the Olympic Movement
| IOC | International Olympic Committee |
| OC | Olympic Charter |
| R ... | Olympic Charter Rule ... |
| BLR ... | Bye-law to Rule ... |
| OCOG | Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games |
| IF | International Sports Federation |
| ASOIF | Association of Summer Olympic International Federations |
| AIOWF | Association of Olympic Winter Sports Federations |
| NOC | national Olympic committee |
| IPC (IPC) | International Paralympic Committee |
| ANOC | Association of National Olympic Committees |
| ANOCA | Association of African National Olympic Committees |
| OCA (OCA) | Olympic Council of Asia |
| PASO | Pan American Sports Organization |
| ONOC | Oceania National Olympic Committees |
| EOC (EOC) | European Olympic Committees |
| CAS (CAS) | Sports Arbitration Court |
| SIOI (OGKS) | Olympic Games Information Services |
| WADA | World Anti-Doping Agency |
| MOA (IOA) | International Olympic Academy |
Preface to the Olympic Charter
The Olympic Charter is the body of the founding principles of Olympism, Rules and Bye-Laws approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The Olympic Charter regulates the structure, mechanism of operation and processes of the Olympic Movement and defines the conditions for the conduct of the Olympic Games. In general, the Olympic Charter serves three main purposes:
a) The Olympic Charter, as the main instrument of the nature of a fundamental law, regulates the fundamental principles and inalienable values \u200b\u200bof Olympism.
b) The Olympic Charter is also the statute of the International Olympic Committee
c) In addition, the Olympic Charter defines the fundamental rights and obligations of the three main constituents of the Olympic Movement, namely: the International Olympic Movement, International Sports Federations and National Olympic Committees, and the Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games, which are obliged to implement the provisions of the Olympic Charter.
Note
The use of the masculine gender in the Olympic Charter in relation to an individual, (for example, president, vice president, chairman, member, leader, official, head of delegation, competitor, competitor, athlete, judge, referee, jury member, attaché, candidate, staff) or pronouns (such as he, they, im) are understood to include the feminine gender, unless otherwise noted.
In the Olympic Charters, the word “year” means a calendar year that begins on January 1 and ends on December 31, unless otherwise clearly indicated in writing.
Preamble
The concept of modern Olympism belongs to Pierre de Coubertin, on whose initiative the International Athletic Congress was held in Paris in June 1894. On June 23, 1894, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) was self-established. The celebration of the first Olympic Games (Games of the Olympiad) of our time took place in Athens, Greece, in 1896. In 1914, the Olympic flag presented by Pierre de Coubertin was approved at the Olympic Congress in Paris. It depicts five interlocking rings that symbolize the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from around the world at the Olympic Games. First Olympic winter Games took place in Chamonix, France, in 1924.
Chapter 1. The Olympic Movement and its Activities
Olympic Congress
The Olympic Congress brings together representatives of the structures that make up the Olympic Movement; the timing of the Congresses is set by the IOC; The Congress is convened by the President of the IOC; The Congress has a consultative meaning.
Olympic Solidarity
The task of Olympic Solidarity is to organize assistance to the NOC, in particular to those who need it most. This assistance takes the form of programs developed jointly by the IOC and the NOCs, with the technical assistance of the IFs as required.
Olympic Games
1. The Olympic Games are not competitions of countries, but of athletes in individual or team sports. The Olympic Games are attended by athletes selected by their respective NOCs, whose entries have been approved by the IOC. Athletes compete according to the technical regulations of the relevant IFs.
2. The Olympic Games consist of the Games of the Olympics and the Winter Olympic Games. Only sports that are practiced on snow or ice are considered winter sports.
3. The IOC is the final authority in any matter related to the Olympic Games.
4. Notwithstanding the applicable rules and timelines for the conduct of judicial procedures and filing of appeals and adherence to the provisions of the World Anti-Doping Code, no IOC decision regarding the Olympic Games, including, but not limited to, competition issues and their consequences (such as rankings or results) cannot be challenged by anyone after three years from the date of the closing ceremony of the Games.
Olympic signs
The Olympic Mark is any visual or audio reproduction of any association or connection with the Olympic Games, the Olympic Movement, or a component thereof.
Legal status
1. The IOC is an international non-profit organization, established not for profit, with an unlimited duration, in the form of an association with the status legal entityrecognized by the Swiss Federal Council in accordance with a treaty that entered into force on November 1, 2000.
2. The seat of the IOC is Lausanne (Switzerland), the Olympic capital.
3. The mission of the IOC is to fulfill the mission, role and responsibilities set out in the Olympic Charter.
4. The decisions of the IOC are final. Any controversial issue regarding the application or explanation of the Olympic Charter can be decided exclusively by the IOC Executive Board and, in some cases, in court before the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS).
5. In order to fulfill its mission and role, the IOC may establish, acquire or control in any way other legal entities such as foundations or corporations.
16. Members of the IOC *
Composition
committee - the right to election, replenishment, election, recognition and status of members of the IOC:
1.1. IOC members are individuals. The total number of IOC members shall not exceed 115, in accordance with Bye-Laws to Rule 16. The IOC consists of:
1.1.1. Majority of IOC Members whose membership is not associated with any official function or position as specified in Bye-Law to Rule 16.2.2.5; their total number should not exceed 70 people; there can be no more than one IOC member of a specific nationality representing a specific country as specified in Bye-Law to Rule 16;
1.1.2. Active Athletes as specified in Bye-Law to Rule 16. 2.2.2. the number of which cannot exceed 15;
1.1.3. Presidents or persons holding executive or leadership positions in IFs, associations of IFs or other organizations recognized by the IOC, the number of which may not exceed 15;
1.1.4. Presidents or persons holding executive or leadership positions in NOCs or worldwide or continental associations of NOCs, the number of which may not exceed 15; there can be no more than one IOC member of a specific nationality, representing one specific country.
1.2. The IOC shall replenish its ranks and elect its members from among those whom it considers qualified as specified in Bye-Law to Rule 16.
1.3. The IOC accepts its new members during a ceremony at which they agree to fulfill their duties by swearing the following oath:
“Honoring the honor of being a member of the International Olympic Committee and representing it and, realizing my responsibilities in this capacity, I am ready to serve the Olympic movement to the fullest extent of my ability, to comply with and demand respect for all provisions of the Olympic Charter and the decisions of the IOC, which I accept unconditionally, to comply with the Code Ethics, remaining free from all political or commercial influence as well as from all considerations of a racial or religious nature; to fight against any form of discrimination and to protect, in all circumstances, the interests of the IOC and the Olympic Movement ".
1.4. Members of the IOC are its representatives and disseminators of the interests of the IOC and the Olympic Movement in their countries and the organizations of the Olympic Movement in which they serve.
1.5. IOC members cannot accept any office or assignment from government, organizations or other parties that would bind them or hinder their freedom of action or independence in voting.
1.6. Members of the IOC are not personally liable for any debts or obligations of the IOC.
1.7. In accordance with Rule 16.3., Each member of the IOC is elected for a term of eight years, and may be re-elected for one or more additional terms. The re-election procedure is determined by the IOC Executive Board.
Duties
Each IOC member has the following responsibilities:
2.1. comply with the Olympic Charter, the Code of Ethics and other IOC rules;
2.2. participate in IOC sessions;
2.3. participate in the work of the IOC commissions to which he was appointed;
2.4. to promote the development of the Olympic Movement;
2.5. to monitor in his country and in the organization of the Olympic Movement in which he is in the service, the implementation of the IOC programs;
2.6. to inform the President of the IOC, upon his request, about the progress of the development of the Olympic Movement in his country and about the needs of the Olympic Movement in his country and in the organization of the Olympic Movement in which he is serving;
2.7. inform without delay the President of the IOC of all events that could interfere with the implementation of the Olympic Charter or affect the Olympic Movement in his country or the organization of the Olympic Movement in which he is serving;
2.8. carry out other tasks assigned to him by the President of the IOC.
Loss of IOC Member Status
Membership in the IOC terminates under the following circumstances:
3.1. Resignation:
Any IOC member may terminate his membership in the IOC at any time by submitting his written resignation to the President of the IOC. Before taking practical steps on resignation, the Board may have recourse to hearing the resigning member.
3.2. No re-election
Any IOC member will lose his membership without further formalities unless he is re-elected in accordance with Rule 16.1.7., Bye. 16.2.6. And, as the case may be, Bye. 16.2.7.
3.3. Age limit:
Any IOC member will lose their membership at the end of the calendar year in which they reach the age of 70, in accordance with Bye-Law 16.2.7.1.
3.4. Non-attendance at sessions or non-participation in the active work of the IOC:
Any IOC member loses membership without a subsequent declaration on his part if, due to force majeure, he does not attend IOC Sessions or does not take an active part in the work of the IOC for two consecutive years. In such cases, the decision to terminate membership is taken at the IOC Session on the proposal of the IOC Executive Board.
3.5 Change of domicile or relocation of the center of main interests:
Any IOC member, as specified in Rule 16.1.1.1, forfeits membership if he changes his domicile or moves his center of main interest to a country other than the one in which he was elected.
In such a case, the decision to terminate membership shall be made at the IOC Session on the proposal of the IOC Executive Board.
3.6. IOC Members elected as Active Athletes:
Any member of the IOC as specified in Rule 16.1.1.2. above, loses its membership in the IOC upon termination of its membership in the IOC Athletes' Commission.
3.7. Presidents and persons holding executive or senior positions in NOCs, world or continental associations of NOCs, IFs or associations of IFs, or other organizations recognized by the IOC:
Any IOC member, as specified in Rule 16.1.1.3 or Rule 16.1.1.4, will lose membership when it ceases to perform the functions that it was performing at the time of its election to IOC membership.
3.8. Expulsion from IOC membership:
3.8.1. An IOC member may be expelled from the IOC by a Session if he has broken an oath, or if the IOC Session considers that he has neglected or knowingly betrayed the interests of the IOC or has acted unworthily of an IOC member.
3.8.2. The decision to expel an IOC member is taken by the IOC Session on the proposal of the IOC Executive Board. This decision is taken by a two-thirds majority of the IOC members present at the Session. The expelled IOC member has the right to be heard; such a right includes the right to be informed of the allegations and the right to speak in person or to provide a written explanation in his defense.
3.8.3. Before the decision of the Session to expel a member of the IOC, the Executive Board may decide to temporarily revoke his status, and temporarily deprive all or part of the rights, prerogatives or functions arising from his membership.
3.8.4. A member expelled from the IOC need not be a member of an NOC, an NOC association or an OCOG.
Organization
The bodies of the IOC are:
1. IOC Session
2. IOC Executive Board
3. President
18. Session *
1. A session is a general meeting of the IOC members. The Session is the supreme body of the IOC. Session decisions are final. Usually the Session is held once a year. An extraordinary session of the IOC is convened at the initiative of the President or at the written request of at least one third of the members of the IOC.
2. The session has the following powers:
2.1. Accept or amend the Olympic Charter.
2.2. To elect IOC Members, Honorary President, Honorary Members and Members of Honor.
2.3. Elect the President, Vice-Presidents and all members of the IOC Executive Board.
2.4. Choose a city that will host the Olympic Games.
2.5. Determine the city where the next IOC Session will be held. The IOC President decides in which city the Extraordinary Session will be held.
2.6. Approve the annual report and expenses of the IOC.
2.7. Appoint an IOC auditor.
2.8. Decide on the recognition or withdrawal of recognition by NOCs, associations of NOCs, IFs, associations of IFs and other organizations.
2.9. To expel members of the IOC, to deprive the status of the Honorary President of the IOC, Honorary Members and Members of Honor.
3. The required quorum for a Session is half of all IOC members plus one. The decisions of the Session are taken by the usual majority of votes; however, amending the Fundamental Principles of Olympism, the Olympic Charter Rules, or any part of the Olympic Charter requires at least two-thirds of the voting members of the IOC to be present at the Session.
4. Each member has one vote. Abstentions and empty or spoiled mandates are not taken into account in the counting of votes. Authorized representatives are not allowed to vote. When required by the Olympic Charter, or by decision of the Chairperson, or at the request of at least a quarter of the members of the IOC present, a ballot is held. In case of equality of votes, the decision is made by the Chairman.
5. The provisions of Rules 18.3 and 18.4 apply to the election of persons or cities hosting the Olympic Games. However, when there are only two candidates left in an election, the candidate with the most votes is elected.
6. The Session may delegate authority to the IOC Executive Board.
IOC Executive Board
1. Composition:
The IOC Executive Board consists of a president, four vice-presidents and ten additional members. The selection of these members reflects the composition of the Session. During each election, the Session will monitor compliance with the specified ratio.
Delegation of authority
The IOC Executive Board may delegate authority to one or more of its members, IOC commissions, IOC management members and other structures, as well as to a third party.
Athletes Commission
The majority of the members of the IOC Athletes' Commission shall be athletes elected by the athletes participating in the Olympic Games. Elections are held during the Games of the Olympics and the Winter Olympic Games, in accordance with the rules established by the IOC Executive Board, in cooperation with the Athletes' Commission. Elections are reported to the IFs and the NOCs one year before the Olympic Games, at which the elections will take place.
All regulations and procedures of the IOC Athletes 'Commission are approved by the IOC Executive Board in consultation with the IOC Athletes' Commission.
IOC Ethics Commission
The IOC Ethics Commission is established in accordance with Rule 22 and Bye-Laws to Rule 22.
OI Coordination Commissions
To help improve the organization of the Olympic Games and the interaction between the IOC, IFs, NOCs and Organizing Committees, the President shall establish coordination commissions in accordance with Rule 38 and Bye-Laws to Rule 38.
Medical Commission
7.1. The President creates a Medical Commission, which performs the following duties:
7.1.1. applies the World Anti-Doping Code and other IOC Doping Control Rules, especially at the Olympic Games.
7.1.2. develops guidelines for the medical and health care of athletes.
7.2. Members of the Medical Commission do not carry out any medical responsibility within the NOC delegation during the Olympic Games, nor do they participate in disputes regarding non-compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code by members of its respective national delegations.
Procedure
Each IOC Commission is chaired by a member of the IOC. Commissions can be conducted through teleconferencing and video conferencing.
22. IOC Ethics Commission *
The IOC Ethics Commission has a duty to define and promote the application of ethical principles, including a Code of Ethics based on the values \u200b\u200band principles set out in the Olympic Charter, of which said Code is an integral part. In addition, it investigates complaints related to ignorance or non-recognition of these ethical principles, including cases of violation of the Code of Ethics, and invites the IOC Executive Board, if necessary, to apply sanctions.
Languages
1. The official languages \u200b\u200bof the IOC are French and English.
2. Simultaneous interpretation in French, English, German, Spanish, Russian and Arabic must be arranged for all Sessions.
3. In the event of a discrepancy between the French and English text of the Olympic Charter and any other IOC document, the French text shall prevail, unless otherwise stated.
IOC resources
1. The IOC may accept gifts and bequests and seek any resources to enable it to carry out its tasks. He collects proceeds from the use of his rights, including, but not limited to, television rights, sponsorship and surety rights, licenses, membership cards and Olympic property, as well as from the celebration of the Olympic Games.
2. In order to create favorable conditions for the development of the Olympic Movement, the IOC may give part of its income to IFs, NOCs, including Olympic Solidarity, and OCOG.
Recognition by IFs
To develop and promote the Olympic Movement, the IOC may recognize as IFs international non-governmental organizationsthat govern one or more sports globally, and which include the organizations that govern those sports at the national level.
The statutes, practices and activities of IFs within the Olympic Movement must be consistent with the Olympic Charter, in particular as regards the adoption and application of the World Anti-Doping Code. In light of the above, each IF maintains its independence and autonomy in the management of its sport.
Mission and role of the NOC
1. The mission of the NOCs is to develop, promote and protect the Olympic Movement in their respective countries, in accordance with the Olympic Charter
2. The role of the NOCs is as follows:
to promote the fundamental principles and values \u200b\u200bof Olympism in their countries, in particular in the fields of sports and education, promoting Olympic education programs at all levels in schools, sports and physical education institutes and universities, and stimulating the creation of Olympic education institutions such as national Olympic academies, Olympic museums and other programs, including cultural ones, with links to the Olympic Movement;
2.2. ensure the observance of the Olympic Charter in their countries;
2.3. to promote the development of high performance sports, as well as sports for all;
2.4. to promote the training of sports personnel by organizing training courses and to ensure that they promote the fundamental principles of Olympism;
2.5. take all action against discrimination and violence in sports;
2.6. accept and apply the World Anti-Doping Code.
3. NOCs have the exclusive authority to represent their respective countries at the Olympic Games and at regional, continental and world complex competitions held under the patronage of the IOC. In addition, each NOC is obliged to participate in the Olympic Games by sending athletes there.
4. NOCs have exclusive authority in the selection and designation of a city that can present itself for the organization of the Olympic Games in their respective countries.
5. In order to fulfill their tasks, NOCs may cooperate with government bodies with which they must develop harmonious relations. However, they must not take part in any activity that is contrary to the Olympic Charter. NOCs can also collaborate with non-governmental bodies.
6. NOCs must maintain their autonomy and resist any pressure, including but not limited to political, legal, religious or economic, that might prevent them from implementing the Olympic Charter.
7. NOCs have the right:
7.1. designate, identify themselves and call themselves "National Olympic Committees" (NOCs), and this designation and identification must be understood in their name or when referring to the name;
7.2. send athletes, officials and other team officials to the Olympic Games in accordance with the Olympic Charter;
7.3. use the assistance of Olympic Solidarity;
7.4. use some Olympic property under the control of the IOC and in accordance with Rules 7-14 and Bye-Laws to Rules 7-14;
7.5. take part in activities run or sponsored by the IOC, including the Regional Games;
7.6. to be members of NOC associations recognized by the IOC;
7.7. formulate proposals addressed to the IOC regarding the Olympic Charter and the Olympic Movement, including the organization of the Olympic Games;
7.8. express their views on candidates for the organization of the Olympic Games;
7.9. participate, at the request of the IOC, in the activities of the IOC commissions;
7.10. Cooperate in the preparation of the Olympic Congresses;
7.11. enjoy the other rights granted to them by the Olympic Charter and the IOC.
8. The IOC assists the NOCs in fulfilling their mission through its various divisions and Olympic Solidarity.
9. In addition to the measures and sanctions provided for in the event of violation of the Olympic Charter, the IOC Executive Board may take all necessary decisions to protect the Olympic Movement in the country of the NOC, namely the suspension or revocation of the recognition of such an NOC, if the constitution, legislation or other regulations in force in this country, or any act of a government body or any other organization, interferes with the activities of the NOC or the formation and expression of its will. Before taking such a decision, the IOC Executive Board must offer the NOC concerned an opportunity to be heard.
29. Composition of NOCs *
1. Regardless of their composition, NOCs must include:
1.1. all IOC members in their country, if any. These members have the right to vote in the general assemblies of the NOCs. In addition, the IOC members in that country referred to in Rule 16.1.1.1. Are, by their position, members of the executive body of the NOC in which they have the right to vote;
1.2. all national federations that are members of the IFs, whose sports are included in the program of the Olympic Games, or their representatives.
1.3. active or retired athletes who have participated in the Olympic Games, but the latter must leave office no later than at the end of three Olympiads since their last participation in the Olympic Games.
2. NOCs may include as members of an NOC:
2.1. national federations that are members of IFs recognized by the IOC, whose sports are not included in the program of the Olympic Games;
2.2. groups of complex sports and other sports organizations or their representatives, as well as persons of nationality of a given country, who can improve the effectiveness of the NOC, or who have outstanding achievements in sports and Olympism.
3. The voting majority of the NOC and its executive body must be represented by the votes of the National Federations referred to in paragraph 1.2 (see above), or their representatives. When decisions are made on issues related to the Olympic Games, only the votes of the members of these federations and the executive body of the NOC are taken into account. If approved by the IOC Executive Board, the NOC may also include in its voting majority in matters related to the Olympic Games, the votes of the IOC members for their country referred to in paragraph 1.1. above, as well as the votes of active or retired athletes from his country, referred to above in paragraph 1.3
4. Governments or other public authorities may not appoint members of an NOC. However, the NOC may decide at its discretion to elect representatives of these authorities as its members.
5. The territorial jurisdiction of the NOC must coincide with the borders of the country in which it is located and sits.
National federations
To be recognized by an NOC and to be accepted as a member of that NOC, a national federation must be engaged in specific, real and long-term sporting activities, be a member of an IF recognized by the IOC, be governed and comply in all aspects with the Olympic Charter, as well as the rules of its IF.
Country and name of the NOC
1. In the Olympic Charter, the expression "country" means an independent State recognized by the international community
2. The name of the NOC must correspond to the territorial boundaries and traditions of its country and be approved by the IOC Executive Board.
NOC flag, emblem and anthem
The flag, emblem and anthem adopted by the NOC for use in their activities, including the OI, must be approved by the IOC Executive Board.
Chapter 5. Olympic Games
The cultural program
The OCOG must organize a cultural program that should cover at least the entire period of operation of the Olympic Village. Such a program must be submitted in advance for approval to the IOC Executive Board.
Age restrictions
At the Olympic Games, there can be no age restrictions for participants other than those provided for in the competition rules of the IFs and approved by the IOC Executive Board.
Youth camp
With the permission of the IOC Executive Board, the OCOG may, on its own responsibility, organize an international youth camp on the occasion of the Olympic Games on the occasion of the Olympic Games.
49. Media coverage of the Olympic Games *
1. The IOC assumes the responsibility to provide the Olympic Games with widespread media coverage and, if possible, the largest audience in the world.
2. All decisions regarding the coverage of the Olympic Games in the media are within the competence of the IOC.
IV. PROTOCOL
Protocol
1. During the entire period of the Olympic Games, only the IOC Executive Board has the authority to determine the protocol applicable to all venues under the responsibility of the OCOG.
2. At all Olympic events held during the Olympic Games, seniority belongs to the Members, the Honorary President and Honorary Members of the IOC in the order of their election to the IOC, headed by the President and Vice-Presidents, then to the OCOG members, IFs Presidents and NOC Presidents.
3. The OCOG, IFs and NOCs, as well as all other accredited persons participating in the Olympic Games in any capacity, must comply with the rules of the IOC Protocol Regulations, as well as all other instructions of the IOC Executive Board that relate to the matters set out in this Rule. ...
Honorary List
The IOC and OCOG do not maintain any large-scale country-by-country registers. The OCOG draws up a list of honor, indicating all the names of the medalists and awarded diplomas for each sport. The names of the medalists must be displayed in a good conspicuous place at the main stadium at all times.
V. ARBITRATION
Disputes - Arbitration
All disputes arising from and in connection with the Olympic Games must be resolved exclusively by the International Court of Arbitration for Sport in accordance with the Code of Arbitration for Sport.
INTERNATIONAL
OLYMPIC
THE COMMITTEE
OLYMPIC CHARTER
© International Olympic Committee
Chateau do Vidi - C.P. 356 - CH-1007 Lausanne / Switzerland
Tel .: +41 21 621 61 11 - Fax: +41 21 621 62 16
All rights reserved
Abbreviations used in the Olympic Movement. four
Preface to the Olympic Charter. four
Preamble. five
Fundamental principles of Olympism. five
Chapter 1. The Olympic movement and its activities. 6
1. Composition and general organization of the Olympic Movement. 6
2. Tasks and role of the IOC *. 6
Bye-law to Rule 2. 6
Olympism is a philosophy of life that uplifts and integrates the virtues of body, will and mind into a balanced whole. Combining sport with culture and education, Olympism seeks to create a way of life based on the joy of effort, the nurturing role of good example, and respect for universal basic fundamental ethical principles.
The goal of Olympism is to place sport at the service of harmonious human development, contributing to the creation of a peaceful society that cares about respect for human dignity.
The Olympic Movement is a concerted, organized, universal and permanent action carried out under the supreme authority of the IOC by all individuals and organizations who are inspired by the values \u200b\u200bof Olympism. It covers five continents. It culminates in the unification of the world's athletes at the greatest sporting event, the Olympic Games. Its symbol is five intertwined rings.
Sports are a human right. Everyone should be able to play sports without discrimination, without discrimination of any kind, and in an Olympic spirit based on mutual understanding, friendship, solidarity and fair play. The organization, management and administration of sports should be carried out by independent sports organizations.
Any form of discrimination against a country or person on the basis of race, religion, politics, gender or otherwise is incompatible with membership of the Olympic movement.
Belonging to the Olympic Movement requires acceptance of the Olympic Charter and recognition by the International Olympic Committee.
Olympic symbols are attributes of the Olympic Games used by the International Olympic Committee to promote the idea of \u200b\u200bthe Olympic movement throughout the world.
Olympic symbols include the flag (rings), anthem, oath, slogan, medals, fire, olive branch, salute, talismans, emblem. Any commercial use of Olympic symbols is prohibited by the Olympic Charter. -five-
The flag is a white silk cloth with the Olympic emblem (five intertwined rings that symbolize the union of the five continents and the meeting of athletes from all over the world at the Olympic Games) embroidered on it. The emblem was invented by Pierre de Coubertin in 1913 and adopted at the Paris Congress in 1914.
The Olympic emblem and the Olympic flag were first introduced at the VII Summer Olympics in Antwerp in 1920. The 1920 flag, introduced at the Antwerp Olympics, was changed to a new Olympic flag in 1988, presented at the 24th Olympic Games in Seoul. The old flag is now kept in the Olympic Games Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland.
The flag of the Olympic movement is a white field, in the center of which is placed the Olympic emblem: intertwined rings arranged in two rows (three in the upper, two in the lower). Ring colors (from left to right): blue, black, red; yellow, green.
The rings symbolize the union (unity) of the five continents and the worldwide character of the Olympic Games. The rings are connected in a chain, in the shape of the letter W, with the extreme (blue, red) intersecting each, only with one other ring, and located in the center - each with two rings.
Until 1951, the official guide claimed that the colors of the rings correspond to different continents: Europe - blue, Asia - yellow, Africa - black, Australia - green, and America - red. However, later it was removed from there, since there is no evidence that Pierre de Coubertin meant this color distribution.
The anthem of the Olympic Games is performed when the Olympic flag is raised during the opening of the regular Games, as well as after their completion and on some other occasions.
The name of this symbol is: "Children of Fortune", or "Fuwa" - the goddess of well-being.
One of the outstanding athletes takes an oath of fairness in the competition on behalf of all competitors. Then one of the judges takes an oath of honest and objective judgment. The oath was proposed by de Coubertin in 1913. Revives an oath-making similar to the ancient one. It was first officially pronounced in 1920 at the VII Summer Olympics in Antwerp.
The Oath of the Athletes:
"On behalf of all athletes, I promise that we will participate in these Games respecting and observing the rules by which they are held, in a truly sporting spirit, for the glory of sport and for the honor of our teams."
Oath of Judges:
“On behalf of all judges and officials, I promise that we will carry out our duties during these Olympic Games with all impartiality, respecting and abiding by the rules by which they are held, in a truly sporting environment.”
The slogan is "Faster, Higher, Stronger", which is a translation of the Latin expression "Citius, Altius, Fortius". The slogan was coined by the French priest Henri Didon and proposed by Pierre de Coubertin at the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894 and presented at the VIII Summer Olympic Games in Paris in 1924.
There is also an unofficial motto "The main thing is not victory, but participation", the authorship of which is erroneously attributed to de Coubertin. In fact, this phrase is connected with the tragedy of the runner Pietri Dorando, who was disqualified from running the marathon distance (London, 1908) due to outside help provided to him at the finish line. Help he didn't ask for. The next day, a solemn ceremony of awarding prizes took place. One of the members of the royal family invited the Italian to the podium and presented him with a gold trophy for outstanding sporting achievement. On this day, the Pennsylvania bishop spoke from the pulpit of St. Peter's Cathedral the following words: "At the Olympics, the main thing is not victory, but participation." Participation in the sense of empathy for an athlete who fought with all his might, but could not win.
Olympic medals: gold, silver and bronze are awarded to the three athletes who have shown the best results in the competition. In team sports, medals of equal value are awarded to all team members.
The design of the medals awarded to athletes at the first eight Summer Olympic Games was completely different and was developed by each Organizing Committee independently. From 1920 to 2000, a standard design was used for the obverse of the Olympic medals. Goddess Nika with a palm branch in right handhonoring the winner. The reverse of the medal changed depending on the wishes of the country where the Games were held. Since 2004, this tradition has been abandoned, and both sides of the medal are made according to the unique design of the organizers of the Games. The diameter of the 2008 Games medal was 70 mm and the thickness was 6 mm.
Gold medals are usually made mostly of silver. So, at the 2008 Games, the gold medal weighed about 150 grams, which included about 6 grams of gold. Silver medals are made from silver, bronze from copper.
At the games of 1896 and 1900, only athletes who took 1st and 2nd places were awarded medals. There was no gold medal then, and only silver and bronze were awarded. Moreover, at the 1900 Games, many types of medals were not awarded at all, and instead, the organizers awarded the participants with cups and diplomas. However, for a uniform approach in reference books, gold, silver and bronze medals are used for these games as well.
Until 1960, medals were made without fasteners and awarded to the winners directly into their hands. For the first time, the organizers of the 1960 Games in Rome made thin bronze chains in the shape of an olive branch so that medals could be hung around the neck of athletes. It is interesting that, introducing an innovation that was not provided for by the rules, the organizers made sure and handed the girls who were carrying out medals for awards with scissors to quickly cut the chains in case of objections. However, I liked the idea, and since then, chains or ribbons have been attached to the Olympic medals.
For the first time, the Olympic flame was lit at the IX Summer Games in Amsterdam (Netherlands). The Olympic flame is lit on the territory of the ruins of the temple of the goddess Hera in ancient Olympia in Greece from a parabolic mirror. The torch fire is passed from athlete to athlete during the multi-day symbolic relay race that runs across all 5 inhabited continents of the Earth. The fire arrives at the venue of the Olympic Games on their opening day. The finalist of the relay lights the flame of the Olympic bonfire with a torch. This symbolizes the beginning of the games. At the end of all competitions, the Olympic fire is extinguished to symbolize the closing of the games.
The first Olympic torch relay from Olympia and the Olympic bonfire lighting ceremony were held at the XI Summer Olympic Games in Berlin (Germany) in 1936. The fire was lit at Olympia on July 20, 1936, and the relay ended in Berlin on August 1, 1936.
The author and founder of the relay race tradition, as well as the author of the idea of \u200b\u200blighting the torch in Greece, is Karl Diem, a sports official in Germany and general secretary of the Organizing Committee of the XI Games. Diem conceived the idea of \u200b\u200bthe relay in preparation for the VI Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, canceled in connection with the First World War.
The olive branch, or "cotinos," is a wreath-shaped branch that is presented to the winner along with a gold medal. The tradition of its presentation was revived at the XXVIII Summer Olympic Games in Athens in 2004.
The mascot for each Olympiad is chosen by the host country at its own discretion. Usually, an animal or other stylized image is chosen as a talisman, associated in the minds of most people with the host country.
Initially, the revived Olympic Games only had an emblem and a flag. Talismans appeared quite recently, in 1968. Moreover, some believe that the progenitor of all Olympic mascots was the funny skier Schuss, who became the symbol of the White Olympics in Grenoble. Others are convinced that the first jaguar mascot appeared at the Olympic Games in Mexico City.
Whatever it was, but the first official mascot was the Waldi dachshund, born in 1972 at the Summer Olympics in Munich. Waldi (male name, because in German the word "dachshund" is masculine) was chosen as the talisman of the games because, as it is written on the website of the International Olympic Committee, "he has the qualities of a real athlete: stamina, perseverance and dexterity." Waldi is also famous for the fact that he is the only pet that has become the mascot in the entire history of the Olympic Games.
Each Olympic Games has its own unique emblem symbolizing the host city and country. Typically, but not always, the Olympic rings are part of the emblem. The official Olympic emblem consists of the Olympic symbol and the Olympic motto: the symbol is five interlaced colored rings on a white background, and the official motto is “Citius, altius, fortius” (“Faster, higher, stronger!”), Which is recent Games changed, or we can say, in addition to the official one, they came up with another. Only the IOC and the NOC are authorized to use the Olympic emblem. National Olympic Committees each time had their own emblem. This is written in the Olympic Charter, as well as the fact that the use of the emblem by other organizations for any commercial purposes without the permission of the IOC is prohibited.
For special services to the Olympic movement, the International Olympic Committee in 1974 awarded the Olympic Order. Initially, the order had three degrees: the Golden Olympic Order, the Silver Olympic Order, and the Bronze Olympic Order. Since 1984, only two degrees have been awarded - the Golden Order and the Silver Order.
The Order is a personal honor awarded on behalf of the IOC for special services to the Olympic movement. The current IOC members will not be awarded an order.
Since 2002, additional restrictions have been introduced on awarding the order:
the rewarding of athletes who have won Olympic medals has been discontinued, since they already have the most prestigious award in the Olympic movement;
the number of awards given to figures of one country is limited: no more than one order per year.
Anatoly Karpov, Vladimir Vasin, Arkady Vorobyov, coaches Alexander
Gomelsky, Vladimir Maksimov, Leonid Arkaev, Konstantin Beskov, Viktor Tikhonov, Viktor Ivanov, doctor Zoya Mironova, journalist Nikolai Ozerov, chairman of the organizing committee of the Games of the XXII Olympiad in 1980 in Moscow Ignatiy Novikov, first mayor of St. Petersburg Anatoly Sobchak, vice-mayor of Moscow Valery Shantsev, head of the Rostov region Vladimir Chub, statesmen Genrikh Yushkevichus, Vitaly Ignatenko, sports leaders Konstantin Andrianov, Andrey Starovoitov, Valery Sysoev, Vyacheslav Koloskov, Anna Sinilkina, Alexander Kozlovsky, Lev Kofman, Alexander Kozhukhov, Yuri Kopylov, Evgeny Polikanin, Vladimir Rodichenko, Vladimir Aleshin, Leonid Miroshnichev, Valentin Yuri Bychkov, Vladimir Panteleev, Boris Kabargin, Leonid Tyagachev, journalist Alexander Ratner.
Bronze Order (no longer awarded)
athletes Irina Rodnina and Lyudmila Turishcheva, doctor Zoya Mironova
Among those awarded with the Olympic Order there are also residents of the Middle Urals.
The first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin.
Awarded with the Silver Order:
basketball player S.A. Belov (CSKA, Moscow - Uralmash, Sverdlovsk)
weightlifter A.N. Vorobiev (Moscow region - SKA, Sverdlovsk)
gymnast B.A. Shakhlin (Kiev, Ukraine - STFK, Sverdlovsk)
Demo option
Test for certification of pedagogical and executive employees of the Bryansk region to confirm compliance with the position
Trainer-teacher of the Children's and Youth Sports School
1. The annual cycle of sports training is divided into the following periods:
A) preparatory, competitive, transitional;
B) retractive, basic, restorative;
B) training and competitive;
D) autumn, winter, spring, summer.
^ 2. The mesocycle of training usually includes:
A) from 2 weeks to 6 weeks;
B) from two to several sessions;
C) from 3 months to 4 months;
D) from 6 months to 1 year.
^ 3. A set of measures allowing to determine a high degree of a child's predisposition to a particular kind of sports activity (sport) is called:
A) sports selection;
B) sports orientation;
C) pedagogical testing;
D) diagnostics of achievement and development.
^ 4. The fundamental principles of modern Olympism are set forth in ...
A) the Olympic Charter;
B) the Olympic oath;
C) Regulations on Olympic Solidarity;
D) IOC clarifications.
^ 5. Olga Danilova, Galina Kulakova, Larisa Lazutina, Raisa Smetanina, Vyacheslav Vedenin, Vladimir Smirnov - Olympic champions in ...
A) cross-country skiing;
B) biathlon;
C) gymnastics;
D) swimming.
^ 6. The structure of the process of teaching motor actions is due to ...
A) patterns of motor skills formation;
B) biomechanical characteristics of motor action;
C) the ratio of teaching and upbringing methods;
D) the individual characteristics of the student.
^ 7. In accordance with the stages of formation of abilities and skills in the process of teaching motor actions, it is allocated ...
A) three stages;
B) two stages;
B) four stages;
D) from two to four, depending on the complexity of the action.
^ 8. What element is not included in the blood:
A) myosin;
B) globulin;
C) albumin;
D) fibrinogen.
9. Indicate an extra word not included in the general concept of "Stages of ontogenesis" ...
A) compensated;
B) postnatal;
C) prenatal;
D) pubertal.
^ 10. Does not apply to mediators of the central nervous system ...
A) corticotropin;
B) acetylcholine;
D) adrenaline.
11. Choose the correct answer. Radiculitis is:
A) inflammation of the roots of the peripheral nerves;
B) back pain;
C) curvature of the spine;
D) contusion of the spine.
^ 12. One of the following actions to stop bleeding is incorrect ...
A) lower the damaged part;
B) press the bleeding vessel;
B) apply a pressure bandage;
D) apply a tourniquet.
^ 13. this is information processed in a computer programmatically. "
Insert the corresponding word instead of ellipsis:
A) Information
B) Values
D) Data
^ 14. The means of technical training of an athlete are:
A) general preparatory exercises, special preparatory exercises and competitive exercises;
B) general developmental exercises;
B) specially preparatory exercises;
D) competitive exercises.
^ 15. The magnitude of the physical exercise load is due to ...
A) a combination of the volume and intensity of motor actions;
B) the degree of difficulties overcome during their implementation;
C) fatigue arising from their implementation;
D) heart rate.
^ 16. Indicate what the training cycles are called (depending on the time scale), on the basis of which the process of sports training is built:
A) microcycles, mesocycles, macrocycles;
B) training, competitive, transitional;
B) operational, current, staged cycles;
D) preparatory, basic, final.
^ 17. The complexity of control does not include the following group of indicators:
A) indicators of physical development;
B) indicators of training and competitive influences;
C) indicators of the athlete's functional state and preparedness, registered in standard conditions;
D) indicators of the state of the external environment.
^ 18. The set of personality traits, corresponding to the objective conditions and requirements for a particular activity and ensuring its successful implementation, is called:
A) abilities;
B) natural inclinations;
C) talent;
D) individual characteristics.
^ 19. In what year were the Olympic Games held in our country?
A) in 1980, the XXII Olympic Games were held in Moscow;
B) in 1976, the XII Winter Olympic Games were held in the Caucasus in Krasnaya Polyana;
C) the Olympic Games were planned to be held in 1944, but they were canceled due to World War II;
D) the Olympic Games have not yet been held in our country.
^ 20. Health is
A) human behavior aimed at harmonizing physical and mental development;
B) the state of physical well-being and the absence of disease;
C) a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease;
D) the state of mental and social well-being.
^ 21. The main factor in human longevity is:
A) playing sports and leading an active lifestyle;
B) rational nutrition;
C) nutrition that excludes various types of proteins;
D) eating foods containing carbohydrates;
E) maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
22. Immunity is:
A) education of a culture of health;
B) the body's defenses;
B) preventive preventive vaccinations;
D) an infectious disease.
^ 23. Hypodynamia can be defined as
A) vascular damage;
B) inflammation of the gastric mucosa;
C) decreased physical activity due to a sedentary lifestyle;
D) violation of posture.
^ 24. The following statement of the teacher to the students belongs to the reaction "I-remark":
A) "I have already told you about this several times, and you do not want to listen carefully";
B) “I will definitely ask those who are not listening to me now”;
C) “It is difficult for me to speak when someone is talking in the classroom at this time”;
D) "I'm tired of making comments to you."
^ 25. The main task of psychological and pedagogical support of students in the pre-profile period of study (grades 8-9) is:
A) development of educational activities;
B) development of special abilities;
C) development of general abilities;
D) activation of self-determination processes.
^ 26. To protect the contents of the e-mail from unauthorized acquaintance is used
A) antivirus tool
B) message encryption
B) electronic digital signature
D) firewall
^ 27. To edit incorrectly typed characters, use the keys:
A) Backspace, Delete, Insert
B) Home, End, Insert
D) Backspace, Delete
28. The individual development of an organism from zygote to death is called:
A) embryogenesis;
B) phylogenesis;
C) ontogenesis;
D) aromorphosis.
^ 29. The causative agent of enterobiasis are:
A) roundworm;
B) pinworm;
C) bovine tapeworm;
D) echinococcus.
30. A rational schedule of lessons at school is drawn up
a) taking into account the dynamics of changes in the performance of students, the difficulty of subjects;
b) taking into account the characteristics of the biological rhythms of students;
c) based on the needs and wishes of the school administration;
d) based on the wishes of parents and students.
31. One of the most important biological and aesthetic criteria for the physical development of a person, used to characterize and assess the external state of the body, is
A) posture;
B) physique;
B) the volume of the chest;
D) rational nutrition.
^ 32. Childhood infections include:
A) dysentery, salmonellosis, foodborne diseases, botulism;
B) chickenpox, measles, mumps, polio, whooping cough;
C) scab, ringworm, epidermophytosis;
D) head lice, ascariasis, enterobiasis.
^ Key trainer-teacher of CYSS
| № | Option 2 |
| 1 | and |
| 2 | and |
| 3 | and |
| 4 | and |
| 5 | and |
| 6 | and |
| 7 | and |
| 8 | and |
| 9 | and |
| 10 | and |
| 11 | and |
| 12 | and |
| 13 | r |
| 14 | and |
| 15 | and |
| 16 | and |
| 17 | r |
| 18 | and |
| 19 | and |
| 20 | in |
| 21 | d |
| 22 | b |
| 23 | in |
| 24 | in |
| 25 | r |
| 26 | in |
| 27 | r |
| 28 | in |
| 29 | b |
| 30 | and |
| 31 | b |
| 32 | b |