Disposal rules. Rules and methods for the disposal of medical waste in the Russian Federation. Reference. Rules for the collection, sorting, transportation and disposal of medical waste

Veterinary waste is a variety of animal remains. They pose a real threat to humans and environment... Disposal of veterinary waste is controlled by such a document as "Veterinary and sanitary rules for the collection and disposal of biological waste." Bio-waste is hazardous and extremely hazardous.

Veterinary waste belongs to biological - it is the remains of animals and birds, as well as materials of animal origin. All of them must be destroyed in accordance with sanitary rules and regulations. This is controlled by the Rosselkhoznadzor.

Hazard Class

Biological waste represents hazard classes 1 and 2. The assignment to a particular category depends on the level of risk. Waste of hazardous classes cannot be recycled. Disposal of biological waste is carried out by burial or incineration.

Class 1 bio-waste:

• Homeless animals and pets.
• Experimental laboratory animals.
• Farm animals.

The 2nd hazard class from veterinary waste includes the discharge of animals infected with viruses. It is also food and any materials that have been in contact with them. Today, crematoria are used for the safe disposal of hazardous biowaste.

Terms of reference

According to the rules, hazardous biowaste can be disposed of by providing it to factories that are engaged in processing, as well as incineration and burial in specially designated areas, cattle burial grounds.

The method of disposal is chosen by the veterinarian, who arrives on site to assess the hazard of the waste. A doctor is also needed to determine diseases in which livestock requires killing with subsequent disposal.

Reference! The rules for the disposal of biowaste in veterinary medicine control the process from the moment of waste formation to complete destruction.

Collection and transportation

The owner of a farm, veterinary or barnyard must deal with waste collection, proper storage and transport to the disposal site. After the death of the animal, the person in charge must report this to the veterinary service. The latter will determine further destiny waste.

For the subsequent removal of biowaste, a special transport with a sealed box is hired, in which the transportation will be carried out. Tools, containers and machine used for transportation hazardous waste cannot be used for other purposes.

Reference! Disposal takes place at a processing plant, crematorium or burial site.

Disposal methods

Depending on the type of waste and the cause of death of the animal, there are several types of disposal and complete destruction. Some biowaste can still be recycled if approved by a veterinarian. Meat and bone meal is obtained from them.

All methods of disposal of biowaste:

• Incineration in pits or crematoria.
• Burial in special cattle burial grounds.
• Recycling to obtain recyclable materials.

Incineration is carried out directly on the farm (if there are conditions necessary for this) or in crematoria. This method of disposal is necessary when an animal is infected with dangerous viruses.

Large volumes of biological waste are incinerated in large cremators, which are ovens that heat up to 800 degrees. Also, destruction by fire can be carried out in pits that are equipped for this.

Non-hazardous veterinary waste is processed in factories that are equipped with special workshops. Other types of recyclable materials cannot be processed on their territory. As a result of such utilization, feed additives are obtained in the form of flour.

Reference! With the permission of the supervisory authorities, biowaste can be disposed of. For disinfection, active chlorine is poured into the pit before being buried.

Types of technological processes and equipment

Factories equipped with crematoria can dispose of hazardous veterinary waste. Special ovens are used exclusively for this activity. Such objects work according to certain rules.

Currently, cremation is considered the most economical method of destruction. The downside will be significant air pollution.

Reference! During combustion, the temperature reaches about 800 degrees, and with the use of modern technologies it can be raised to 1200 degrees.

The temperature method for neutralizing hazardous biowaste complies with sanitary standards. The disposal process is supervised by a veterinarian.

Requirements for burial grounds

The first thing that is important when organizing a burial ground with biothermal pits is the choice of a place. This is the task of the local administration and the veterinary service.

The location of the burial ground must meet the following conditions:

• The zone should not be guarded.
• Places should be as elevated and dry as possible.
• The area must be at least 0.6 ha.
• They must be at least 1 km away from residential buildings.
• There should be a two-meter fence around.
• The walls of the holes should be filled with concrete or brick.
• Groundwater should be below 2 meters from the bottom of the pit.
• You can easily drive up to the burial place by transport.

Biothermal pits are set up in areas remote from people. The walls must be lined with waterproof material, and the bottom - with clay or concrete. 20 days after loading the pit, the temperature reaches more than 60 degrees in it. Decomposition after burial occurs within a month and a half, resulting in compost formation.

Danger of biological waste

All biological wastes are classified as classes B and C in terms of radiation, epidemiological and toxicological hazard. These are extremely dangerous and dangerous groups.

Important! Biological waste can be contaminated with deadly infections, including SARS, rabies, anthrax and many others. In case of accidental detection of biological waste, you need to call the veterinary service. It is strictly forbidden to do anything with them yourself.

The owner, who found the remains on his territory, must contact the veterinary inspector within 24 hours from the date of discovery. A specialized company will arrive at the site, inspect the waste and decide on the method of disposal.

Safety regulations

The owner of the land does not have the right to carry out the disposal of biowaste on his own. The territories are checked regularly for the presence of unauthorized dumps. Biothermal pits and burial grounds are inspected annually for compliance with the rules.

Biological waste, if handled incorrectly, can significantly harm people who live in the surrounding areas, not to mention the danger to animals, soil, water and air.

Timely and correct transport under the supervision of a veterinarian protects against the irreversible effects of the decay of hazardous waste. Any impromptu burial is a potential source of infection and harmful substances that threaten wildlife.

Slaughter waste extrusion line (2 videos)

Disposal of veterinary waste (16 photos)

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In the generally accepted concept, recycling is the safe destruction of an object or item, with the aim of its further processing and use of a secondary resource. The same goes for car disposal. If the car cannot be used for its intended purpose, then it must be properly destroyed. This is necessary so that the materials from which it is made do not harm the environment and can be further recycled and reused.

For example:

• metal parts of transport are remelted to obtain metal alloys. Scrap metal is known to be a valuable source for the automotive and metallurgical industries;
• automotive glass is converted into glass wool, filtering and abrasive materials, used in the production of reflectors, in road construction;
• plastic, which makes up about 10 percent of the weight of the car, finds its secondary use in ferrous metallurgy, production of building materials and packaging;
• automotive rubber after processing is used for the manufacture of rubber asphalt (we see them mainly at level crossings), sports surfaces, floor mats, conveyor belts, as well as for the manufacture of modern roofing and soundproof materials. In cement production, automobile rubber is used to obtain fuel that prevents harmful emissions into the atmosphere due to high temperatures melting;
• technical auto-fluids pose the greatest threat to the environment, especially to soil and water. Their technological processing consists in regeneration (purification and production of new materials with similar chemical properties), as well as in their use as an alternative fuel in various industries. Part of automotive fluids is burned in a special way, without harm to humans and nature.

Thus, each car that has been scrapped can bring many benefits and gain many new "lives".

Reasons for car disposal

How do I get my car scrapped? What should be the reasons for this?

There are the following reasons on the basis of which it is possible and necessary to dispose of a vehicle:

• your vehicle is badly worn out, old or cannot be restored after a road accident;
• your vehicle is hijacked and all hope that it will be found and returned to you has disappeared. In this case, you will have to state in writing the details of the theft and search actions and declare your desire to get your hands on certificates for the remaining parts, documents and numbers (if any);
• after the sale, your vehicle was not reissued to the new owner within the prescribed time frame. Accordingly, transport tax and fines continue to come to your name, and new owner does not make contact.

Step by step disposal procedure

How to dispose of a car in 2020 within the framework of the current legislation of Russia? The vehicle recycling procedure includes physical and legal culling. Moreover, these two constituent elements can be applied to a car both jointly and separately. For example, if a car is worn out or irretrievably damaged, but as an object physically exists and is in the possession of the car owner, then first actions are required from him for legal rejection, and then you can think about putting it into scrap. And if the car is physically absent, for example, it is stolen or is in the possession of another person who is not documented its owner, then we are talking only about the fact that disposal will take place only from a legal point of view, on paper.

In one case or another, the legal procedure will be as follows:

1. The person who owns the vehicle personally visits the traffic police department in order to declare in writing his desire to carry out the disposal procedure, explains the reason for his decision. Depending on the reason, you need to submit explanatory notes addressed to the head of the MREO traffic police.
2. The car owner receives a certificate of the perfect legal action - the deregistration of the vehicle for the purpose of disposal.

List of required documents

If the car can no longer be used for its intended purpose due to physical disrepair, it was stolen or is in the possession of a third party who, after purchasing (or donating) this vehicle, did not re-register it in its name, then the owner of the vehicle must submit the following documents to the traffic police:

• personal passport as a document confirming the identity of the vehicle owner;
• a written statement on the removal of the vehicle from the register (obligatory with an indication of the reason for its decision);
• an explanatory note addressed to the head of the territorial department of the State Traffic Inspectorate about the reasons for the disposal;
• auto documents (STS, PTS, car alienation agreement, state registration numbers) if available. If there are no documents on hand, for example, a car was stolen along with papers on it, then this fact should be described in an explanatory note. And you also need to write that if they are found, you undertake to return them to the traffic police. If the contracts under which the car was sold are lost, then you can order an extract from the register in the same traffic police department, in which the contract data will be indicated.

Inspection of vehicles during disposal for the above reasons is not performed!

What if the owner of the car decided that his "iron friend" can no longer drive on the roads, but can bring some income received as a result of selling it in parts? This question quite often arises among car owners who have lost a car as a result of an accident, do not see the point in restoring it, but at the same time have the opportunity to earn money on whole and working parts of the car.

To remove such a car from the register, the owner of the vehicle, in addition to the generally accepted package of documents, will have to submit documents for the car without fail: his passport, certificate and two state documents. sign, pay the state duty, and ensure the delivery of the released units (engine, body, etc.) for inspection at the traffic police. At the same time, in the application and explanatory note, you must list all the details that you plan to sell and be sure to declare your desire to receive certificates for all parts of the car. In practice, however, it is necessary to obtain certificates only for those parts that have personal identification numbers. As a rule, vehicle owners receive documents only for the engine, since registration papers are required when selling or buying it. As a result of such actions, the car owner must receive an extract from the register and certificates for the released units.

If there are no documents for the car, license plate or the car itself

How to hand over a car for recycling if you do not have any documents for it in your hands, and the car itself does not exist either? This usually occurs as a result of theft, physical destruction (for example, the car burned down or drowned) of the car along with the documents that were inside it. And also this situation happens after its alienation (sale or donation), and the refusal of the new owner to re-register the transport for himself. Culling a car and legal actions to remove it from registration can be carried out without submitting original documents for the car and its inspection. To carry out legal measures for its documentary destruction, the owner's personal passport, a statement and a written explanation of the reason are enough.

However, if there are documents, it is better to submit them (even if the documents are not all available or they are damaged). This will save the applicant from a lot of controversial issues on the part of employees in uniform, and will ensure the smooth implementation of the intended goal.

Disposal cost

The state service for removing a car from the register is free of charge. The state duty is taken only for the issuance of a certificate for the released units (for the sale of the vehicle in parts). It is 200 rubles per document.

From the moment a car is removed from the register, it has no right to move on its own on the roads. Therefore, if you decide to turn it over for scrap at a special collection point or use the state recycling program, then its delivery to the final station can be carried out only by a tow truck. Its cost is paid according to the rates in your city.

You should also consider that there is such a thing as. For all cars purchased before 2012 in the Russian Federation, it is considered automatically paid. And when you return the car to a specialized point for the disposal of the vehicle, the fee will not be charged. The owners of all other cars must pay this fee on their own and according to the price list of the selected company.

Is it possible to return a car from scrap?

Some car enthusiasts want to know: is it possible to restore their registration rights to a car after it has been removed from the register due to scrapping? The answer to this question is regulated by clause 13 of the Rules of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on registration actions with vehicles:

• in the event that the car is removed from the traffic police register due to disposal, but has not yet been physically disposed of, then it is possible to restore the registration rights to it;
• and if the car is removed from the register and physically scrapped, then it is impossible to restore its registration.

State recycling program

Almost 8 years ago, a working model for supporting the domestic auto industry appeared in our country - a vehicle recycling program. Also, this program is designed to improve the overall state of the environment and reduce the number of old, hazardous vehicles on our roads.

Any car owner can enter the program if he owns a car weighing up to 3.5 tons, for a period of more than 1 year, and its age is more than 10 years. For many people, scrapping an old car and getting a discount on buying a new car has become a dream come true for a new car. The current list of cars that can be bought under this state program is constantly updated and is located on the website of the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

Initially, the program was planned for a period of 1 year (calendar year 2010), then it was extended until the end of 2011. However, the rapidly declining demand in the Russian automotive market predetermined the renewal of the program from 2014 to the present.

How do I know if my car has been scrapped?

If you know the VIN-number of any car (not even your own, for example, before buying) and have access to the Internet, then using the official website of the traffic police you can find out the entire history of registration actions with it for free. At the same time, for the safety and confidentiality of citizens, the report will indicate the periods of ownership of the vehicle without specifying names and surnames.

A similar check can be made by residents of the capital and its environs on the Autocode. RU". This specialized service reflects data on the theft, disposal, seizures, bail, as well as work in a taxi of those cars that are registered in the Moscow region. You can buy and get a detailed report in in electronic format.

You can also check the car directly by requesting information from the traffic police. This is possible only on behalf of the vehicle owner and in writing.

Conclusion

If you hand over an old car for recycling, you can not only get rid of the old car, but also purchase a new one under the program.

Let's consider how to dispose of a car, how to do it correctly, what is the algorithm of action. Let's get acquainted with all the necessary information.

Disposal of a vehicle is its safe destruction. Machines are made from metal, plastic, glass, technical fluids. If you leave it and forget about it, over time, harmful substances will begin to enter the soil and atmosphere.

Disposal involves the safe recycling of the vehicle. The car is disassembled by employees of a special organization, materials are sorted, sent for further processing.

To dispose of a car, you must:

1. Remove the vehicle from the traffic police register. Most of the collection points for a vehicle for scrap require a certificate of deregistration of the vehicle.
2. Return the car to a collection point. It is necessary to conclude a disposal agreement with the organization.

There are quite a few recycling companies. The service is provided free of charge. But sometimes a fee is charged for accepting a vehicle with a low mass (less than 800 kg).

To remove a car from the register, you need documents:

• russian passport;
• vehicle registration certificate, vehicle passport, license plates;
• application in the prescribed form;
• the vehicle is not provided for inspection.

Disposal conditions:

• aging and wear of the vehicle;
• The vehicle was sold under a general power of attorney, but the new owner does not appear in the traffic police to re-register the car for himself (in order not to pay further transport tax, the seller of his car has to deal with an extreme measure - the disposal procedure);
• car theft;
• removal of accidents on the roads due to the difficult movement of the old car along them.

Remember: if your car was removed from the traffic police register, you no longer have the right to drive it. Only transport the car with a tow truck.

Conditions for removing a car from state registration:

• recycling according to the state program;
• illegal actions in relation to the car, theft;
• if the buyer of the car has not registered the car for himself and is not going to do so;
• leaving the country for a long time (hereinafter the owner registers the car in the country of residence).

• contact the traffic police in person, enter the electronic queue;
• there is no need to deliver the old car to the traffic police for inspection;
• submit a completed application, documents;
• the car owner is given the necessary certificate.

The conditions and cost of the service are specified in each company separately. Representatives will be asked to provide them with a certificate from the traffic police.

Sample application

Consider a sample of filling out an application for scrapping a car at the traffic police:

• indicate the exact name of the traffic police department where you are going to submit documents;
• underline the appropriate wording of the reason for the termination of the vehicle registration (in connection with the disposal);
• enter into the form from the vehicle passport information about the brand, car model, VIN number, state signs, year of issue;
• enter the passport details of the car owner, fill in the information about the owner;
• rewrite the information about the vehicle in the required lines.

Power of attorney - required document to remove the car from the register if the car owner cannot visit the traffic police department himself. The document must be drawn up correctly.

In a power of attorney from legal entity indicate:

A car owner who wants to hand over a vehicle for scrap can only submit a passport and an application for recycling. But if for some reason he cannot deal with the procedure himself, he issues a power of attorney for his representative. Then the document is certified by a notary.

In a power of attorney from natural person indicate:

• place, date of compilation;
• Full name, passport data, address of the principal and authorized person;
• registration department of the traffic police;
• vehicle data;
• car passport numbers and registration certificate;
• validity period of the power of attorney;
• signatures of the parties.

Consider how to hand over a car for recycling according to a special program, what documents are needed.

This special program was launched in 2010, but is still in effect. The goal of the state program is to increase the growth of sales of domestic cars by providing subsidies for the purchase of new vehicles to replace old ones.

The main condition for participation in the program: you can spend the funds that you receive from the delivery of the vehicle for processing, you can only buy a new car.

Other conditions in 2020:

• you must have owned a car for at least six months;
• individuals and legal entities can participate in the program;
• new cars are not handed over for scrap;
• the participant must have a Russian passport;
• the car is not handed over for recycling without a specially hired dealer (services can cost about 10,000 rubles).

According to the program, you can exchange a car, a large car, a jeep, or a bus. The maximum discount amount is 50-350 thousand rubles.

The minimum amount for cars, the maximum for trucks. As part of this program, it has already been possible to sell about 130,000 cars.

Only a limited number of models can be purchased under the program: AvtoVAZ, GAZ, UAZ, several models of Volkswagen, Opel, Nissan, Ford, SsangYong, Renault.

All documents are drawn up by the dealer, he also concludes an agreement with the client for the purchase of a new car.

He issues a discount on the purchase of a vehicle in the form of a certificate or cash. Contact those car dealers who participate in the program and return your old car to him.

Algorithm of actions:

• issue a power of attorney to the dealership to transfer the old car to the scrap;
• conclude an agreement with the dealer, which will stipulate that you hand over the car to the dealer for deregistration and disposal;
• give the power of attorney and the car, get the vehicle acceptance certificate.

The recycling program is only suitable for those who own an old car, no one uses it. You can get a pretty impressive amount for it.

The state has allocated about 10 billion rubles for disposal... The program is valid for a limited time, so it is worth applying early.

How to dispose of a car without documents and numbers? If you are the owner of a car, you have the right to write it off for scrap only with your passport. Other documents, including license plates, are provided, if any.

How to dispose of a car in the traffic police without a car? The practice of selling a vehicle has its drawbacks. Quite often, the new owner to whom you sold your car does not seek to pay transport tax, and does not re-register the car for himself within ten days.

Then an invoice for payment of transport tax will come to you, since you will remain the actual owner.

By registering disposal for a car in the traffic police, you can get rid of unnecessary tax obligations. Go to the traffic police, write a statement of intent to hand over the car for scrap.

After that, the car, which will be driven by a negligent buyer, who refused to reissue the car to himself, will be stopped at the traffic police post, punched through the base and sent to the penalty area.

After removing the vehicle from the register for disposal, it is impossible to register it again.

Public services

You can dispose of the car using the State Service Portal (https://www.gosuslugi.ru/category). Select "Vehicle registration", then "Deregistration", "Deregistration due to disposal".

The application is filled out electronically. Enter the document data into it:

• rF passports;
• a notarized power of attorney (for representatives);
• vehicle passports;
• certificate of registration or TP of a motor vehicle or trailer;
• a document certifying the ownership of the vehicle or trailer.

The application should be printed, taken to the traffic police along with the state registration marks of the car. You need to choose a convenient traffic police department, date, time, make an appointment.

Do not be late for the appointed time, otherwise you can skip the line. Do not forget to take the original documents, the details of which were indicated in the application.

After the employee checks the documents, the vehicle will be removed from the register for subsequent disposal.

Do I need to pay a state fee for the procedure? No, this service is provided free of charge.

But you cannot drive a car that has been removed from the register. Therefore, you will have to spend money on a tow truck to the car reception area.

According to Law No. 89, the recycling service is provided free of charge by licensed acceptance centers if a recycling fee has been paid for this vehicle.

But it must be remembered that the utilization fee is not paid for the vehicle, the TCP for which was issued before 2012.

If the fee has not been paid, the owner will have to pay for the service at the company's rates.

Used cars

Can I buy a used car under the recycling program? New cars are an expensive pleasure, and discounts on their purchase under the recycling program are small. But used cars are not included in the program.

The government finances the purchase of only new vehicles, as it supports the main goal of the program: to stimulate the sale of domestic manufacturers, who increase the number of cars sold, increasing tax payments to the budget.

And then the recycling program is financed from it. For this reason, it is impossible to purchase a used vehicle under the recycling program..

If you are going to buy a car, do not forget to check it for recycling.

The procedure for deregistration in connection with disposal is quite a popular phenomenon among those who want to avoid the transport tax on cars that are not in use.

You can check the car for disposal:

• through the traffic police website;
• Autocode;
• various internet portals.

For verification you may need:

• VIN code;
• body / chassis number;
• registration numbers.

Services can fail, since sometimes data is not entered into the database. Therefore, checking online is not always a reliable way to find out if a car has been scrapped, since sometimes the vehicle is returned from scrapping. Then contact the traffic police immediately.

This is an important step for the ecological state of the country and the management system.

Previously, the state worked according to an old document from 1995. Since then, other processing and disposal technologies have appeared, and new animal diseases have been identified.

Processing equipment is hopelessly outdated, and the operation of cattle cemeteries, once so popular, is now dangerous and unprofitable... Therefore, the regulatory legal acts regarding biological waste have become unsuitable for modern times.

The project was pending until June 25, 2019. The rules for the disposal of biological waste have undergone some changes, which we will talk about in this article.

According to the new rules, the following wastes are biological:

• carcasses of animals (mammals, fish, birds, insects, aquatic organisms);
• incubator waste, abortion material and stillborn fetuses, placenta;
• biowaste, that is, fragments of organs and tissues obtained as a result of experiments or in veterinary medicine, laboratory samples;
• waste processing of raw materials of animal origin;
• veterinary confiscations;
• feed with the addition of animal products.

Depending on the hazard class, biowaste divided into the following groups:

• especially dangerous, infected with rapidly spreading diseases that can cause a massive epidemic;
• moderately dangerous;
• radioactive.

Why is recycling necessary?

This waste class poses a great danger to the environment and human health.

Failure to comply with the disposal rules deplorably affects the ecological situation:

• when corpses decompose, biogas and liquids are formed, which are dangerous to all living things;
• unauthorized bio-waste dumps attract scavengers that spread rabies and other dangerous diseases;
• the state loses the potential profit that could be obtained from the processing of such waste for feed to farm animals and vivarium inhabitants;
• improper disposal of infected corpses entails consequences in the form of epidemics among humans and animals.

The problem of utilization of biological waste has become very acute. This happened not only because the code of laws on the management of biowaste is outdated, but also because, unfortunately, in our country they do not monitor well enough who and how they dispose of them.

Consequently we have a disappointing result:

• animal corpses are dumped in unauthorized dumps or buried in the ground, which is strictly prohibited;
• enterprises for the processing of biowaste, founded in the days of the USSR, are out of order or equipped with equipment that is no longer used in modern times;
• high-tech enterprises exist in small numbers and simply cannot cope with the flow of biological waste.

New veterinary and sanitary rules governing the collection of biowaste

Section II of the draft veterinary and sanitary rules "Storage of biological waste" contains the following collection standards.

First, for storage and collection you need to use sealed containers or special packagingexcluding contact of tissue fragments and organs with the environment.

Tanks must be labeled with the characteristics of the contents, be easy to disinfect, and must not come into contact with veterinary-tested products.

In the absence of such waste, biomass must be moved to special refrigerating chambers designed for this purpose. The temperature in such chambers should vary from 0 degrees Celsius and below. The storage period is set depending on it - 7-30 days.

The new veterinary sanitary rules for the collection and destruction of biological waste allow the storage of corpses on moisture-proof sites prior to removal for disposal, but for a period not exceeding 24 hours.

In case the waste is contaminated with dangerous diseases, their shelf life without the use of refrigerators is determined by an emergency commission... However, they cannot be stored for more than 168 hours.

Unauthorized persons should not come into contact with biological waste. The same goes for the rest of the potential vectors. The owner of the enterprise, farm or household where this waste was generated is responsible for the preservation and handling of biological waste of animal origin before it is transported to the place of processing or destruction.

Changed export standards

Export and transportation biological waste carried out in accordance with the following standards:

1. Proper transportation is ensured by the owner. If this is not the case, it is considered the owner of the territory in which the waste was found.
2. Moving without special veterinary documents is prohibited.
3. Transportation is carried out using specially equipped transport, excluding contact with external environment... Otherwise, hazardous elements may scatter and harm others. It is strictly prohibited to use such transport for other purposes without proper disinfection.
4. The soil where the waste was lying is covered with bleach, the inventory and overalls are disinfected each time after use. Additional processing and issuance of specific equipment is provided if the waste belongs to groups 1 and 3.

How are they recycled?

Correct and timely processing is the key to obtaining valuable recyclable materialsthat can be used for various needs. But this process has its own nuances.

First, biowaste is first sorted and then crushed. Secondly, heat treatment is required for them.

In this regard, there are separate rules for each type of waste. It all depends on their mass, origin and purposes, in which the resulting recyclable materials are then used.

Bio-waste is a must sterilized in one of the following ways:

• in the extruder;
• by boiling in vacuum boilers;
• compost in special closed containers;
• using conventional cooking in open or closed boilers (this type of processing is available only if the resulting feed is used in the same farm).

If the enterprise is equipped with a special recycling workshop, it has the right to use it only in relation to its by-products.

Reception of "other people's" waste is prohibited.

All biowastes of animal origin belonging to group 2 are subject to recycling. Thus, they receive feed for agricultural institutions, meat and bone and bone meal, fertilizers, etc.

Animal skins are also used. They are removed, processed, and then used in the leather industry. Processing of the remains and skinning of carcasses belonging to groups 1 and 3 is not allowed - they are destroyed.

Destruction

Waste of the 3rd group is subject to the same treatment as radiation. All 1 group of biological waste, according to the rules, is subject to mandatory destruction in several ways.

According to the new rules, this can be organized by:

1. Incineration in cremators or incinerators. The resulting ash is subject to further disposal as a production waste (7 47 800 00 00 0 according to FKKO).
2. Burning in the open or in special pits or trenches, but only under the supervision of a veterinarian.
3. The use of cattle burial grounds, but this is an extremely undesirable measure... It becomes available as a result of the decision of the emergency commission, when other methods of destruction are impossible.

Burial in cemeteries is strictly prohibited. The exception is mass death animals due to natural disasters, when transportation or burning is impossible. But such a decision is made only by the Extraordinary Anti-Epizootic Commission.

Related Videos

The process of secondary processing of biological waste of the 2nd group into bone meal is presented in the video:

Conclusion

If in Russia there are capacities for processing bio-waste, and manufacturers follow all the new veterinary rules for its collection and disposal, then recycling of biological waste will provide significant savings in the agricultural sector.

There will be an additional financial inflow, and the ecological situation in the country will improve. However, this is possible only with strict control over compliance with the letter of the law.

A special bonus of the new project is the long-awaited rejection of mass construction and operation of cattle burial grounds. This is another significant step towards development modern system waste management.

In contact with

In accordance with the Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN) 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical and preventive institutions", all healthcare waste is divided according to the degree of their epidemiological, toxicological and radiation hazard into five hazard classes:

Class A. Non-hazardous waste from healthcare facilities

Waste that does not have contact with the biological fluids of patients, infectious patients, non-toxic waste. Food waste from all departments of all departments of medical and preventive institutions (LPI), except for infectious (including skin and venereal), phthisiatric. Furniture, inventory, faulty diagnostic equipment that do not contain toxic elements. Uninfected paper, construction garbage etc.

Class B. Hazardous (risky) waste of medical institutions

Potentially uninfected waste. Materials and tools contaminated with secretions, including blood. Pathological waste. Organic operating waste (organs, tissues, etc.). All waste from infectious disease wards, incl. food. Waste from microbiological laboratories working with microorganisms of 3-4 pathogenicity groups. Biological waste from vivariums.

Class B. Extremely hazardous waste from health care facilities

Materials in contact with patients with especially dangerous infections. Waste from laboratories working with microorganisms of 1-4 pathogenicity groups. Waste from phthisiatric and mycological hospitals. Waste from patients with anaerobic infection.

Class D. Waste from medical and preventive institutions, in composition close to industrial

Expired medicines, waste from medicines and diagnostic products, disinfectants that cannot be used, with an expired shelf life. Cytostatics (drugs that block cell division are used mainly in oncology) and other chemicals. Mercury-containing items, devices and equipment.

Class D. Radioactive waste from medical institutions

All types of waste containing radioactive components.

The waste of medical facilities, depending on their class, has different requirements for collection, temporary storage and transportation.

Class A waste collection is carried out in reusable containers or disposable bags. Disposable bags are placed on special trolleys or inside reusable containers. Filled reusable containers or disposable bags are delivered to the places of installation of (inter) body containers and reloaded into containers designed for collection of waste of this class. Reusable containers after collection and emptying must be washed and disinfected.

Bulky waste of this class is collected in special bins for bulky waste. The surfaces and aggregates of bulky waste that have come into contact with infected material or patients are subject to mandatory disinfection.

Class A waste can be disposed of in conventional solid waste landfills.

Class B waste after mandatory disinfection (by immersion in a disinfectant solution prepared in a container specially allocated for this purpose) is collected in a disposable sealed package.

Soft packaging (disposable bags) is fixed on special racks (trolleys).

After filling the bag, about 3/4 of the air is removed from it and the person responsible for collecting waste in this medical unit seals it. Removal of air and sealing of a disposable bag is carried out in a gauze bandage and rubber gloves.

Organic waste generated in operating rooms, laboratories, microbiological cultures and strains, vaccines, virologically hazardous material after disinfection are collected in a disposable solid hermetic package.

Collection of disinfected sharp instruments (needles, pens) is carried out separately from other types of waste in a disposable solid package.

Transportation of all types of class B waste outside the medical unit is carried out only in single-use packaging after it has been sealed.

In established places, sealed disposable containers (tanks, bags) are placed in (inter) body containers intended for the collection of class B waste.

The collection of class B waste after mandatory disinfection is carried out in a single-use package. Soft packaging (disposable bags) should be fixed on special racks (trolleys).

After filling the bag by about 3/4, air is removed from it and the employee responsible for waste collection in this medical unit seals it in compliance with safety requirements with pathogens of 1-2 pathogenic groups.

Microbiological cultures and strains, vaccines must be collected in a single-use, firm sealed package.

Transportation of all types of class B waste outside the medical unit is carried out only in single-use packaging after it has been sealed.

In established places, sealed disposable containers (tanks, bags) are placed in (inter) body containers intended for the collection of class B waste.

Waste of classes B and C is destroyed in special installations for the treatment of waste treatment facilities by thermal methods.
Class G waste collection rules depend on the toxicity class.

Used fluorescent lamps, mercury-containing devices and equipment are collected in sealed sealed containers. After filling, the containers are sealed and stored in auxiliary rooms. Exported by specialized enterprises on a contractual basis.

Collection, storage of cytostatics related to waste of 1-2 classes of toxicity is carried out in accordance with the classifier of toxic industrial waste and other applicable regulatory documents.

Wastes of class G, belonging to the 2nd and 3rd classes of toxicity in accordance with the classifier of toxic industrial waste, are collected and packed in hard packaging, 4th class - in soft packaging.

Disposal of G class waste is carried out in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the procedure for the accumulation, transportation, disposal and disposal of toxic industrial waste.

Collection, storage, disposal of class D wastes is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, radiation safety standards, and other applicable regulatory documentsthat regulate the handling of radioactive substances.

Health care waste treatment methods can be divided into two groups.

Liquidation methods:

Disposal at a special landfill, without decontamination, for example, at a toxic waste landfill;

Disinfection by chemical or physical methods and storage at solid waste landfills;

Incineration with subsequent disposal of incineration residues.

Disposal methods (re-use and use as secondary raw materials). Utilization methods, in addition to economic goals, are aimed at limiting the adverse impact of human activities on the environment.

Waste disinfection involves ensuring the biological safety of the material after its processing and destruction by thermal, radiation or other physicochemical effects.

The following disinfection technologies are distinguished: incineration (ashing); autoclave sterilization (steam sterilization); chemical disinfection; pyrolysis; laser processing; microwave disinfection; plasma technology, etc.

The latest WHO recommendations are based on the rejection of the use of technologies associated with chemical disinfection, and the optimal technologies for the disposal of waste from health care facilities suggest considering thermal disinfection technologies, highlighting the autoclaving methods.

Chemical neutralization

Disinfection (disinfection) of epidemiologically dangerous waste from medical and preventive institutions is carried out using disinfectants registered in the established manner. Combination of mechanical grinding with the method of chemical disinfection of potentially infected and infected dangerous medical waste promotes more complete penetration of disinfectants into the waste mass, which increases the reliability and efficiency of disinfection.

In Russia it is most widespread. It is used for reasons of a very limited spread of thermal waste disinfection (in 2007, only 263 installations for the thermal destruction of medical waste were in operation at health care facilities).

Disadvantages:

During the disinfection operation, personnel often experience allergic reactions and skin lesions;

Little changes appearance waste, which does not guarantee their exclusion from reuse (up to illegal sale);

The complete destruction of a possible infectious origin is not guaranteed due to the uneven penetration of the disinfectant and the different sensitivity of some microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs;

When burying waste treated with chemical disinfectants, there is a risk of environmental pollution by compounds, mainly chlorine, (a group of chlorine-containing preparations is more often used to disinfect waste);

The unit costs of disinfectants (per ton of waste), as well as the costs of preventing possible environmental damage, significantly exceed the same costs for other methods of disinfection.

Thermal neutralization

Heat treatment includes incineration (the term "incineration" is also used, from incinerate - to burn, incinerate), plasma methods, thermolysis and pyrolysis.

Medical waste incinerators, pyrolysis plants, gasification and plasma technologies use high-temperature processes that, as a result of chemical and physical transformations, lead to the destruction and decomposition of both organic and inorganic fractions that make up the waste.

Autoclaves

Combined installations are popular in Russia, combining a grinder and a steam sterilizer. By loading the original unsorted class B or C waste, the user receives shredded, unidentifiable and sterile class A waste.

The process has no side waste and emissions that pollute the atmosphere, water and land resources, i.e. environmentally friendly.

Steam kills all known species microorganisms and wastes lose the possibility of reuse due to their mechanical degradation.

Assistive technology

This is a technique that can participate in the process of disposing of hazardous waste, but by itself is not able to provide the entire chain from their generation to a safe product. These are grinders of various kinds, standard steam sterilizers, as well as destructors of injection needles.

Destructors are designed to destroy needles immediately after injection, without removing them from the syringe, which significantly reduces personnel injuries.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources