Decency in the captain's daughter. Composition: Honor in Pushkin's The Captain's Daughter. Several interesting compositions
One of the main themes in Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" is the theme of honor and duty. This theme is already set by the epigraph to the work - the Russian proverb "Take care of honor from your youth." The father gives the same parting words to Petrusha Grinev, seeing off his son to military service.
And the very act of Andrei Petrovich Grinev, who instead of St. Petersburg sends his son to the "deaf and distant side" so that Petrusha becomes a real officer, characterizes him as a man of honor and duty. The Grinevs are an old noble family. Pushkin emphasizes the severity of Andrei Petrovich's morals, his wisdom, self-esteem.
It is characteristic that the concept of "honor and duty" in the story is ambiguous. In the history of Petrusha Grinev's acquaintance with Zurin, when a young man lost a hundred rubles to his new acquaintance, we are talking about noble honor. Petrusha's money was kept by Savelich, and the young man had to quarrel with his uncle in order to get the required amount. Amazed at the size of this amount, Savelich tries to dissuade Grinev from paying the debt. “You are my light! listen to me, the old man: write to this robber that you were joking, that we don’t even have that kind of money, ”he persuades his pupil. However, Grinev cannot but pay the billiard debt - for him it is a matter of noble honor.
The theme of honor is also realized in the history of Grinev's relationship with Masha Mironova. Defending the honor of his beloved girl, the hero challenges his rival Shvabrin to a duel. However, the intervention of the commandant prevented the duel, and only then it was resumed. Here we are talking about the honor of the lady, about the duty to her.
Having fallen in love with the daughter of Captain Mironov, Grinev feels responsible for her fate. He sees his duty in protecting and preserving his beloved girl. When Masha becomes a prisoner of Shvabrin, Grinev is ready to do anything to free her. Not finding support from the official authorities, he turns to Pugachev for help. And Pugachev helps young people despite the fact that Masha is the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, the daughter of an officer of the enemy troops. Here, along with the theme of knightly honor, the motive of male honor arises. Rescuing Masha, his bride, from Shvabrin's captivity, Grinev simultaneously defends his male honor.
After the arrest of Grinev, a trial took place. However, defending himself, the hero could not reveal the true state of affairs, as he was afraid to entangle Masha Mironova in this story. “It occurred to me that if I name her, the commission will demand her to answer; and the thought of entangling her name between the vile rumors of the villains and bringing her herself to a full-time bet with them - this terrible thought struck me so much that I hesitated and confused. " Grinev prefers to suffer an undeserved punishment than to offend the good name of Marya Ivanovna. Thus, in relation to Masha, the hero behaves like a true knight, protecting his lady.
Another meaning of the concept of "honor and duty" in the story is military honor, loyalty to the oath, loyalty to duty to the Fatherland. This theme is also embodied in the history of relations between Grinev and Pugachev. After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Pugachev saved the hero from the death penalty, pardoned him. However, Grinev cannot recognize the sovereign in him, since he understands who he really is. “I was again taken to the impostor and put on my knees in front of him. Pugachev held out his sinewy hand to me. "Kiss the hand, kiss the hand!" - they said near me. But I would prefer the most cruel execution to such a dastardly humiliation, "Grinev recalls. However, this time everything worked out: Pugachev only joked that the young man was" stupid with joy ", and let him go.
However, further the drama and tension in the story increases. Pugachev asks Grinev whether he recognizes his "sovereign", whether he promises to serve him. The position of the young man is very ambiguous: he cannot recognize an impostor as a sovereign, and, at the same time, he does not want to expose himself to useless risks. Grinev hesitates, but the sense of duty triumphs "over human weakness." He overcomes his own cowardice and frankly admits to Pugachev that he cannot consider him sovereign. A young officer cannot even serve an impostor: Grinev is a natural nobleman who swore allegiance to the empress.
Then the situation becomes even more dramatic. Pugachev is trying to take from Grinev a promise not to act against the rebels. But the hero cannot promise him this either: he is obliged to obey the requirements of military duty, to obey orders. However, this time too, Pugachev's soul softened - he let the young man go.
The theme of honor and duty is embodied in other episodes of the story. Here Ivan Kuzmich Mironov refuses to recognize the impostor as the sovereign. Despite being wounded, he fulfills his duty as commandant of the fortress to the end. He prefers to perish rather than betray his military duty. Ivan Ignatyevich, a garrison lieutenant who refused to swear allegiance to Pugachev, also died heroically.
Thus, the theme of honor and duty is embodied in the most diverse way in Pushkin's story. This is noble honor, knightly honor and the honor of a lady, male honor, military honor, human duty. All these motives, merging together, form semantic polyphony in the plot of the story.
Honor and dishonor
Quotes and epigraphs
Honor is the cornerstone of human wisdom.
V. G. Belinsky
Honor is the desire for honor; to honor one's own means not to do anything that would be unworthy of honor.
F. Voltaire
He who is not ready to die for his own honor will find dishonor.
B. Pascal
Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost.
A. P. Chekhov
Honor is an outer conscience, and conscience is an inner honor.
A. Schopenhauer
The concept of honor in our time
In our cruel age, it seems that the concepts of honor and dishonor have died. There is no particular need to preserve honor for girls - striptease and viciousness are paid dearly, and money is much more attractive than some ephemeral honor. I remember Knurov from Ostrovsky's "Dowry":
There are boundaries beyond which condemnation does not go: I can offer you such an enormous content that the most evil critics of someone else's morality will have to shut up and open their mouths in surprise.
Sometimes it seems that men have long ceased to dream of serving for the good of the Fatherland, protecting their honor and dignity, and defending their Motherland. Probably, the literature remains the only evidence of the existence of these concepts.
The most cherished work of A.S. Pushkin begins with the epigraph: "Take care of honor from your youth" - which is part of the Russian proverb. The whole novel "The Captain's Daughter" gives us the best understanding of honor and dishonor. The main character Petrusha Grinev is a young man, almost a youth (at the time of his departure for the service he turned "eighteen" years old according to the testimony of his mother), but he is so determined that he is ready to die on the gallows, but not tarnish his honor. And this is not only because his father bequeathed to him to serve in this way. Life without honor for a nobleman is like death. But his opponent and envious Shvabrin acts in a completely different way. His decision to go over to the side of Pugachev is determined by the fear for his life. He, unlike Grinev, does not want to die. The outcome of the life of each of the heroes is logical. Grinev lives a dignified, albeit poor, landowner life and dies with his children and grandchildren. And the fate of Alexei Shvabrin is understandable, although Pushkin does not say anything about this, but most likely death or hard labor will cut off this unworthy life of a traitor, a man who has not retained his honor.
War is a catalyst for the most important human qualities, it shows either courage and courage, or meanness and cowardice. We can find proof of this in the story "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov. The two heroes are the moral poles of the story. A fisherman - energetic, strong, physically strong, but courageous? Once captured, on pain of death, he betrays his partisan detachment, betrays its deployment, weapons, strength - in a word, everything in order to eliminate this hotbed of resistance to the Nazis. But frail, sickly, puny Sotnikov turns out to be courageous, endures torture, and resolutely ascends to the scaffold, not doubting the correctness of his deed for a second. He knows that death is not as terrible as the remorse of betrayal. At the end of the story, Rybak, who escaped death, tries to hang himself in the outhouse, but cannot, since he cannot find a suitable tool (the belt was taken from him during his arrest). His death is a matter of time, he is not a completely fallen sinner, and living with such a burden is unbearable.
Years pass, in the historical memory of mankind there are still samples of acts of honor and conscience. Will they become an example for my contemporaries? I think yes. The heroes who died in Syria, rescuing people in fires, in disasters, prove that there is honor, dignity, and there are bearers of these noble qualities.
Total: 441 words
Honor and dishonor
What does honor mean today? Everyone will interpret this concept in their own way. For some, it is a set of higher moral principles, respect, honor, recognition of other victories. For others it is "land, cattle, sheep, bread, commerce, profit - this life!" For me, honor and dignity is not an empty phrase. It is too early to say that I live by honor. But I hope that these concepts will always serve as a life guide for me.
In our time, it already seems that the concepts of "honor and dignity" are outdated, having lost their original, true meanings. But earlier, in the days of valiant knights and beautiful ladies, they preferred to part with life rather than lose honor. And it was customary to defend one's own dignity, the dignity of those close to them and simply dear to the heart in fights. Let us at least remember how, defending the honor of his family, A.S. died in a duel. Pushkin. “I need my name and honor to be inviolable in all corners of Russia,” he said. Favorite heroes of Russian literature were people of honor. Let us recall what instruction the hero of the story "The Captain's Daughter" receives from his father: "Take care of honor from a young age." The father did not want his son to become a secular buffoon and therefore sent him to serve in a distant garrison. Meeting people devoted to duty, Motherland, love, for whom the honor of the uniform was above all, played a decisive positive role in Grinev's life. He passed with honor all the trials that fell to his lot, and never once dropped his dignity, did not compromise his conscience, although there were plenty of reasons.
“Honor is like a precious stone: the slightest speck takes away its luster and takes away all its value from it,” Edmond Pierre Beauchene once said. Yes, it really is. And sooner or later everyone will have to decide how to live - with or without honor.
Honor of a woman
Every newborn is given a name. Together with the name, a person receives a history of his kind, the memory of generations and an idea of honor. Sometimes the name obliges to be worthy of its origin. Sometimes you have to wash off your actions, correct the negative memory of your family. How not to lose your dignity? How to protect yourself in the face of the emerging danger? It is very difficult to be prepared for such a test. Many examples of this can be found in Russian literature.
In the story of Viktor Petrovich Astafiev "Lyudochka" there is a story about the fate of a young girl, yesterday's schoolgirl, who came to the city in search of better life... Growing up in the family of a hereditary alcoholic, like frozen grass, all her life she tries to preserve honor, some kind of female dignity, tries to work honestly, build relationships with people around her, not offending anyone, pleasing everyone, but keeping her at a distance. And people respect her. Respects for her reliability and hard work her landlady Gavrilovna, respects poor Artyom for her severity and morality, respects in her own way, but for some reason is silent about it, stepfather. Everyone sees her as a person. However, on her way there is a disgusting type, a criminal and a scum - Strekach. He does not care about a person, his lust is above all. The betrayal of the "boyfriend-friend" Artyomka turns into a terrible ending for Lyudochka. And the girl is left alone with her grief. For Gavrilovna, there is no particular problem in this:
Well, they ripped off the plonba, you think, what a disaster. But this is not a flaw, but now they get married at random, ugh, now for these things ...
The mother generally withdraws and pretends that nothing has happened: an adult, they say, let her get out of it herself. Artyom and "friends" are calling to spend time together. And Lyudochka does not want to live like this, with a soiled, trampled honor. Seeing no way out of this situation, she decides not to live at all. In her last note, she asks for forgiveness:
Gavrilovna! Mum! Stepfather! What is your name, I didn’t ask. Good people, sorry!
The fact that Gavrilovna, and not her mother, is in the first place here, testifies to a lot. And the worst thing is that no one cares about this unfortunate soul. In the whole world - no one ...
In the epic novel "Quiet Flows the Don" by Sholokhov, each heroine has her own idea of honor. Daria Melekhova lives only with the flesh, the author says little about her soul, and the heroes in the novel do not perceive Daria at all without this base beginning. Her adventures, both during her husband's life and after his death, show that honor does not exist for her at all, she is ready to seduce her own father-in-law, just to satisfy her desire. It is a pity for her, because a person who has lived his life so mediocre and vulgar, who has not left any good memory of himself, is insignificant. Daria remained the embodiment of a base, lustful, dishonorable female gut.
Honor is important to every person in our world. But especially the honor of women, girlish remains a visiting card and always attracts special attention. And let them say that in our time morality is an empty phrase, that “they will marry at random” (according to Gavrilovna), it is important who you are for yourself, and not for those around you. Therefore, the opinions of immature and narrow-minded people are not taken into account. For everyone, honor has been and will be in the first place.
Total: 463 words
What is honor
(no literary example)
What is honor and why has it been so valued at all times? The folk wisdom speaks about it - "Take care of honor from the youth", it is sung by poets, philosophers reflect on it. They died for her in duels, and, having lost her, they considered life over. In any case, the concept of honor is based on the desire to moral ideal... This ideal can be created by a person for himself, or he can accept from society.
In the first case, in my opinion, this is a kind of inner honor, which includes such individual qualities of a person as courage, nobility, justice, honesty. These are the beliefs and principles that form the basis of human self-esteem. This is what he himself brings up and values in himself. A person's honor delineates the scope of what a person can afford to himself, and what attitude he can accept from others. Man becomes his own judge. This is what constitutes human dignity, therefore it is important for a person himself not to betray any of his principles.
Another understanding of honor, I would correlate with the more modern concept of reputation - this is how a person shows himself to other people in communication and business. In this case, it is important not to “drop dignity” in the eyes of other people, because few people want to communicate with a rude person, do business with an unreliable person or help a heartless curmudgeon in need. However, a person may at the same time have bad character traits and simply try to hide them from others.
In any case, the loss of honor leads to negative consequences - either a person is disappointed in himself, or becomes an outcast in society. Honor, which I defined as reputation, has always been considered the business card of a person - both a man and a woman. And sometimes it hurt people. For example, when they were considered unworthy, although they were not to blame, but gossip and intrigue. Or rigid social boundaries. I have always had a surprisingly accepted condemnation in the Victorian era of a young woman who was filming mourning for her husband and wanted to start a new life.
The main thing that I realized is that the word "honor" is related to the word "honesty." You need to be honest with yourself and people, to be, and not to seem, a worthy person, and then you are not threatened with either condemnation or self-criticism.
The theme of honor in the story "The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin
After reading the story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", you understand that one of the themes of this work is the theme of honor and dishonor. In the story, two heroes are opposed: Grinev and Shvabrin - and their ideas about honor. These heroes are young, both of them are nobles. YES, and they do not fall into this backwater (Belogorskaya fortress) of their own free will. Grinev - at the insistence of his father, who decided that his son needed to "pull the strap and sniff the powder ..." We know that for a nobleman, a duel is a way to defend his honor. And Shvabrin, at the beginning of the story, seems to be a man of honor. Although from the point of view of an ordinary person, Vasilisa Yegorovna, a duel is “murder”. Such an assessment allows the reader who sympathizes with this heroine to doubt Shvabrin's nobility.
You can judge a person by his actions in difficult times. For the heroes, the challenge was the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. Shvabrin saves his life. We see him "trimmed in a circle, in a Cossack caftan, among the rebels." And during the execution, he whispers something in Pugachev's ear. Grinev is ready to share the fate of Captain Mironov. He refuses to kiss the hand of the impostor, because he is ready "to prefer a fierce execution to such humiliation ...".
They also treat Masha differently. Grinev admires, respects Masha, even writes poetry in her honor. Shvabrin, on the contrary, mixes the name of his beloved girl with mud, saying "if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender rhymes, give her a pair of earrings." Shvabrin slanders not only this girl, but also her relatives. For example, when he says “as if Ivan Ignatyevich was in an impermissible connection with Vasilisa Yegorovna ..” It becomes clear that Shvabrin, in fact, does not love Masha. When Grinev rushed to free Marya Ivanovna, he saw her "pale, thin, with disheveled hair, in a peasant dress." to her rebels.
If we compare the main characters, of course, Grinev will cause greater respect, because, despite his youth, he managed to behave with dignity, remained true to himself, did not disgrace the honest name of his father, defended his beloved.
Probably, all this allows us to call him a man of honor. Self-esteem helps our hero at the trial at the end of the story to calmly look into the eyes of Shvabrin, who, having lost everything, continues to fuss, trying to slander his enemy. Long ago, while still in the fortress, he overstepped the boundaries defined by honor, wrote a letter - denunciation to Father Grinev, trying to destroy the only incipient love. Having acted dishonestly once, he cannot stop, he becomes a traitor. And that is why Pushkin is right when he says "take care of honor from your youth."
About honor
(no literary example)
Concepts such as "honor" and "conscience" somehow lost their relevance in modern world indifference and cynical attitude to life.
If earlier it was a shame to be called a shameless person, today such a “compliment” is treated lightly and even with bravado. The pangs of conscience - today this is something from the realm of melodramas and is perceived as a movie plot, that is, the audience is indignant, and at the end of the film they go and, for example, steal apples from someone else's garden.
In our time, it has become a shame to show mercy, compassion, sympathy. Now it is "cool", under the approving hooting of the crowd, to hit the weak, kick the dog, insult the elderly man, get nasty at the passer-by, and so on. Any filth created by one bastard is perceived almost as a feat by the immature minds of adolescents.
Honor is one of the most important human values. To act honestly means to listen to the voice of conscience, to live in harmony with oneself. Such a person will always have an advantage over the rest, since no circumstances can lead him astray. He values his beliefs and remains faithful to them to the end. A shameless person, on the contrary, sooner or later suffers defeat, if only because he betrayed himself. The liar loses his dignity and experiences moral decline, and therefore he does not have the spiritual strength to defend his position to the end. As stated in famous quote from the movie "Brother": "The Power is in Truth."
In AS Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", the theme of truth is central. As an epigraph, the author takes the well-known proverb “Take care of your dress again, and honor from your youth” and develops this idea throughout the entire work. In the story we see a "confrontation" between two heroes - Grinev and Shvabrin, one of whom chose to walk the path of honor, and the other turned from this path. Petrusha Grinev defends not only the honor of the girl slandered by Shvabrin, he defends the honor of his Motherland and his empress, to whom he swore the oath. Grinev, who is in love with Masha, challenges Shvabrin to a duel, who has offended the honor of the girl, allowing himself inadmissible hints about her. During the duel itself, Shvabrin again acts dishonestly and injures Grinev when he is distracted. But the reader sees who Masha chooses.
The arrival of Pugachev to the fortress is another test for the heroes. Shvabrin, pursuing his interests, goes over to the side of Pugachev and thereby betrays both himself and the Motherland. And Grinev, even on pain of death, remains true to his convictions. And Pugachev, a robber and revolutionary, leaves Grinev alive, because he is able to appreciate such an act.
War is also a test of honor. In the story "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov, we again observe two opposite characters - partisans Sotnikov and Rybak. Sotnikov, despite his illness, volunteers to go in search of food, "because others refused." He single-handedly fires back from the police, while Rybak runs away and abandons his comrade. Even after being captured, during interrogation, under severe torture, he does not reveal the location of his squad. Sotnikov perishes at the gallows, but retains both honor and dignity.
The seemingly noble return of Rybak for a lagging comrade has low motives: he is afraid of the condemnation of those around him and does not know how to explain his treacherous act in the detachment. Then, in captivity, when they are being taken to execution, Rybak agrees to go into the service of the Germans in order to save his life. However, having lost the last hope to escape, he comes to the conclusion that death is his only way out. But he fails to commit suicide, and this cowardly, weak-minded person is forced to suffer all his life under the blows of conscience.
In conclusion, I would like to say that we must cultivate and preserve the habit of acting honestly and conscientiously. This is one of the foundations on which society is built. Even now, when the days of knights and duels are long gone, one must not forget the true meaning of the concept of "honor".
Interesting? Keep it on your wall!Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter" touches upon many problems, one of which is the problem of honor and duty. It is based on a real historical event - the uprising led by Pugachev. On the background this event the theme of honor and duty to the Motherland is clearly visible. Two characters: Pyotr Grinev and Shvabrin react differently to the uprising, during which it becomes clear who is ready to defend their native land from the enemy, and who wants only benefit and has shown himself to be a coward.
Pyotr Grinev is a nobleman, his father was engaged in his training, it was he who insisted that his son go to the service. Pyotr Grinev's father also gives him guidance, which will play a key role in the protagonist's decision-making. "Take care of honor from a young age, and the dress again" - the words of the protagonist's father.
Petr Grinev puts his own understanding of "honor", for him it is not only related to service, but also a personal, broader concept.
Opposed to Pyotr Grinev Shvabrin. Shvabrin is a typical example of a deceitful, envious person capable of various meanness and nasty things. Shvabrin is far from the Russian people, he does not understand Pugachev's rebellion, and the hero also considers himself the best, so his behavior is promiscuous and defiant. Shvabrin has no concept of honor. This can be understood from the situation with Masha Mironova. Shvabrin insults and humiliates an innocent girl in pursuit of his personal interests. Pyotr Grinev, on the contrary, was able to defend the honor of a young girl with whom he is really in love.
The uprising of Pugachev helps to understand the essence of the two main characters. Shvabrin, having surrendered under threats, hastens to swear allegiance to the leader of the uprising. Grinev, having thought well, even under the threat of death, does not commit an erroneous act and remains faithful to the empress, and therefore to his country.
The work also shows another kind of honor - Savelich's devotion. He was faithful to his master in any situation, never lied, was capable of great deeds for the sake of Father Pyotr Grinev.
Thus, in his work, Pushkin shows the main quality inherent in a Russian person, it is loyalty, honesty and the ability to stand up not only for oneself, but also for the homeland, a loved one, a friend.
Option 2
This problem is one of the main ones in the work. Using the example of heroes, the author shows different variants behavior of a person in an extreme situation.
First of all, a model for following honor is main character Peter Grinev. Under the threat of execution for refusing to go to the rebels, he does not violate the oath of allegiance to the empress. Only a coincidence of circumstances and the respect caused by his behavior on the part of Pugachev save his life.
Even before the uprising, Grinev behaved in strict accordance with the principles of noble honor. He stands up for Masha, offended by Shvabrin, and does not try to avoid the resumption of the duel, caused by the accidental intervention of outsiders. During the duel, Pyotr Grinev behaves in strict accordance with the ideas of how an officer and a nobleman should act.
The negative hero and enemy of Grinev Shvabrin, although he is also a nobleman in the officer's rank, therefore, society imposes the same requirements on him, is an example of unworthy behavior. Even before the start of the riot, Shvabrin violates the unwritten code of honor. His gossip about Masha Mironova was an unacceptable act, which was to be followed by a duel. During the fight, he takes advantage of the fact that Grinev deflected and inflicts a wound on him. This was not a formal violation of dueling rules and customs, but, of course, was interpreted by everyone as a dishonest and immoral act. In an extreme situation, Shvabrin shows that life is more important for him than any principles, going into the service of Pugachev. He is shown to be an adherent of fashionable French "freedom-loving" ideas, which replace the core, without which an honest and respectable person is unthinkable.
An example of following the duty and the principles of officer honor is Masha's father, Ivan Kuzmich. Unlike Shvabrin, he is not a hereditary nobleman, he became the commandant of the fortress, currying favor from the lower ranks. However, he does not make a deal with his conscience and refuses to serve Pugachev, knowing full well that for this he will have to pay with his life. Mironov is opposed to Shvabrin by the fact that his ideas about honor and duty are based on personal qualities. He is really honest and kind person for whom betrayal is something disgusting.
The contrast between the free-thinker Shvabrin and the common Russian man Ivan Kuzmich shows that the author saw honor and loyalty as integral parts of the human personality, and not as something that can be taught.
Another example of a simple Russian person who honestly fulfills his duty is Grinev's servant Savelich, honestly, without reasoning, caring about his master.
Grinev, Mironov and Savelich did not think about honor and duty, but simply had firm principles.
Composition 3
The work "The Captain's Daughter" tells about a peasant uprising, the head of this protest of the peasants Emelyan Pugachev. This story is told by a person who was a participant in these events.
In this work, the author very vividly expressed the idea of honor and dignity of every common person. So Peter Grinev remains in the service of the empress, helps Maria Mironova. He does not even imagine how he could have acted differently, because he swore an oath of faithful service to the empress.
Shvabrin does not support his moral principles, goes over to the side of Pugachev. He does not support the peasants at all, he just wants to be in an advantageous place in order to receive all the privileges from the service.
The servant of the young Grinev remains faithful to his master, because Savelich knows no other life than helping the young aristocrat in everything. It was not in his thoughts to go over to the side of Pugachev. During the conflict, when Pugachev wanted to shoot Grinev, Savelich offers himself instead of his pupil.
But Pugachev naturally does not dare to kill the old man. Peter Grinev, on the instructions of his father, just as sincerely and honestly fulfills his duty. Once in captivity, and rescuing Mironov from captivity, he still remains on the side of the empress. After all, his father always taught Peter to be honest and fair in all situations.
That is why the most important hero of this work can be called Peter, because it was he who carried faith in his service through all the troubles of life. He does not agree to Pugachev's offers to receive a worthy service, because this service will be on the side of the uprising, while the peasants wanted to overthrow the empress.
Shvabrin is completely different in character, he ended up in the Belgorod fortress due to the fact that he killed a man. He constantly tries to slander everyone around him, hates the peasants. Due to the fact that he wanted to marry Masha Mironova, but she refused him, he began to talk about her different stories which did not exist in reality.
In addition to the fact that Shvabrin went over to the side of the insurgent peasants, he still manages to give false testimony against Pyotr Grinev. This is such a deceitful and hypocritical hero that in the work he appears as the antipode of honor and dignity. Since he simply does not have them.
Masha's father, Ivan Kuzmich, does not agree to go over to the side of the rebellious peasants, for this he is killed by Pugachev. But his last words were, you are not our king and not our head, but an impostor. Many military men did this, they remained faithful to their service.
But many people went over to the side of Pugachev, therefore, carefully reading this novel, one can understand how much there are people with pure hearts who keep honor and dignity. Throughout life, even in the most severe life circumstances.
Several interesting compositions
There are many growing in the park different trees... In autumn, all leaves turn red, yellow and brown. Some are still green. All trees are bright and colorful. This is so beautiful! Part of the leaves falls to the ground.
It's a shame to me that the word "honor" is forgotten,
And what is in honor of slander for the eyes.V. Vysotsky
In the Belogorskaya fortress, where the young officer was sent to serve, he met. He was a more experienced officer who had once served in the guard, but was exiled to the outskirts for participating in a duel. Russian Empire... The theme of honor and dishonor in "The Captain's Daughter" is most sharply expressed in the actions of this literary hero.
The young people made friends. The service did not burden them, there were no exercises, no reviews. Shvabrin and Grinev met often, spent time in conversations and games. Grinev took from Shvabrin to read French novels and even tried his hand at poetry. In his first love poem, he mentioned Masha. Shvabrin was critical of the poetry of the novice writer, and did not miss an opportunity to offend. He always spoke impartially about the girl and even managed at first to create a bad opinion of her in the eyes of Grinev.
True, Pyotr Andreevich very quickly realized that Shvabrin was in vain slandering a girl who was a smart and impressionable young lady. But he, not knowing that Shvabrin was not indifferent to Masha, did not understand why Shvabrin behaved this way towards the daughter of the commandant of the fortress. And when Shvabrin once again slandered the girl, Grinev sharply accused his friend of lying and slander. Shvabrin challenged Grinev to a duel.
People are especially vivid in critical situations. The experienced duelist Shvabrin insisted on a duel. The first duel was thwarted because the ingenuous Grinev asked Ivan Ignatyich to be his second. To which Ivan Ignatyich not only refused, but upset the satisfaction. Shvabrin was still striving for a duel, although he perfectly understood that Grinev had rightly accused him, but he wanted to use it for his own purposes. The second time, the duelists went down to the river.
Grinev had a good command of the sword, and Shvabrin had to defend himself. Here, luckily for Shvabrin, Grineva called out. He turned around, and Shvabrin, taking advantage of the moment, pierced the young man's shoulder. It was Shvabrin's dishonorable act, since he had to wait for Grinev to get into a fighting pose.
While Grinev lay unconscious for several days, Shvabrin wrote a denunciation against Pyotr Andreyevich to his father. He hoped that his father would achieve a transfer to another fortress, or even recall his son from service. Grinev received a strict rebuke from his father and refused a blessing for marriage with Masha, but remained in the fortress.
The nobility in Russia stood out among other estates. The first principle of the noble worldview was the belief that the high position of a nobleman obliges him to be a standard of high moral qualities. "To whom much has been given, from that much will be demanded." The upbringing of a noble offspring was aimed at improving moral qualities: he should be brave, honest, enlightened not in order to reach any heights (fame, wealth, high rank), but because he is a nobleman, because he has already been given a lot, and it should be that way.
Such were Grinev's notions of honor, and he expected Shvabrin to be the same, because he is also a nobleman. He could not believe in the dishonorable deeds of his comrade, but the facts spoke of something else. Shvabrin shamelessly stepped over the concept of noble honor.
Grinev will again be convinced of this after a while, when he attacks the fortress. Shvabrin will forget about the oath of allegiance to the imperial court and will be one of the first to swear allegiance to the impostor, to serve with him, while Grinev, on pain of death, will refuse to serve the chieftain, no matter what arguments Savelich brings. The scene looked especially disgusting in Grinev's eyes when Shvabrin was lying at Pugachev's feet, begging for mercy.
Pyotr Andreevich behaves with dignity before the robber, answers him honestly, as he thinks. And Pugachev has genuine respect for the young man. Communicating with him, Grinev does not forget about the oath for a minute, and even tries to persuade Pugachev to surrender at the mercy of the Empress. But the chieftain refuses.
When Shvabrin, who was under investigation, spoke about friendships during interrogation, he kept silent about Captain Mironov's daughter. But he did this not out of love for Masha, and not out of a desire to protect the girl from interrogation, but because he understood that Masha was the only witness capable of testifying in defense of Grinev. Grinev himself did not want to involve Masha in the process, trying to protect her from the investigation, and was ready to go to hard labor for the sake of her peace of mind. It would seem that the act is one, but the thoughts turned out to be different. The honor and dishonor of Grinev and Shvabrin pass in contrast through the entire work.
Thus, Grinev, despite his young age, under any, the most difficult and critical circumstances, behaved with dignity, proving by his actions that he belonged to the nobility. The dishonest man Shvabrin, on the contrary, has long forgotten about the noble morality. He showed his pride, and remembered belonging to the class when he needed an extra reason for a duel.