Tank built on the money of Soviet children. As during the Great Patriotic War, children bought a tank "Baby". The most reliable tank of the Second World War
The fascists called this trophy light tank with "indestructible locust" and were glad to be used in conducting their own special operations, and the unprecedented ataction of the T-60 attack on the frozen Neva gave rise to a breakthrough of Leningrad's blockade.
The history of T-60 tank was so short and ambiguous that the experts of the Great Patriotic War almost do not remember about this double armored person with an automatic aviation cannon. And in vain.
Create a new tank per month
Catastrophic lesions of the first days of the Secondesties forced the leadership of the country to revise the system of ensuring the Red Army and abandon the production of some lung samples of armored vehicles. The first "under the knife" fell a light floating T-40 tank, developed in just two years before the designers of the Moscow Plant No. 37.
The order for the recruitment of the plant for the release of tanks of another model was released on June 25, 1941 and relocate all employees in a deep shock. The fact is that production facilities were not adapted to the release of a heavier T-50 tank, and I did not want to be shot for sabotage.
Then the main designer of the plant № 37 Nikolay Astrov Went to the trick. Within one month, he was able to do with a group of like-minded people on the basis of the T-40, armed with a 12.7-mm machine gun of DShK ( Degtyarev-Shpagina large-caliber) and 7.62 DT machine gun (Degtyareva Tank), create a full tank, pleasantly surprised by the People's Commissioner of the Tank Industry Vyacheslav Malysheva.
The combat vehicle called the T-60 was very cooked and easily merged with the terrain, and the use of aviation automatic 20-mm shvak gun, paired with a machine gun DT, made fire from it very efficient.
Easy barrier
Already in August 1941, the first T-60 samples went to the front, and in just February 1943, 5920 of these combat Great Patriotic War were issued after the legendary "thirty parts"!
It is numerous attacks that weakly protected 35-millimeter armor of double fuels were the real horror of the German motorcycle groups in the Moscow direction, and the paired fire of the automatic aviation gun and the machine gun literally scattered their rows.
To the vast regret, the power of the Boezapaz T-60 was not enough to be guaranteed to deal with the average german tanks Panzerkampfwagen III and Ranzerkampfwagen IV, although easier armored technique was delivered by the full program.
The most reliable tank of the Second World War
In contrast to the legendary T-34, the lighter T-60 tank used a gasoline engine that attached the machine additional quality characteristics. They were very valued by the fascists who fell into the hands of these cars ( soviet soldiers Sometimes they threw them in the forests when scarce gasoline ended).
German command Officially recognized the T-60 most reliable tank of the Red Army. It recommended restoring trophies to be repaired and use them for intelligence purposes either as a tractor.
Few people know, but it is these miniature fighting vehicles that participated in the defense of the Crimea and held the fascists on the approaches to the Caucasus. They played if not decisive, then a very important role in the defense of Leningrad and the breakthrough of his blockades. And 48 of these tanks were a major march of Red Square on November 7, 1941, after which they were thrown into the burned battle for Moscow.
"Immortal" Tank of the Bloodstone Leningrad
Since the spring of 1942, T-60 tanks began to replenish the composition of the 61st Tank Brigade of Colonel V. Khrustitskyholding defenses under Leningrad. Due to the small sizes, these combat vehicles were delivered to Lake Lake by rivers, after which they were sang for coal barges who followed the departed city.
German aviation considered coal barges not the most worthy goals and very often ignored them. Luftwaffe officers would know that under the coal there are new T-60, as a locust crawled on the battlefield and put out the front position of the enemy with a quick fire.
According to one of the versions, the name "Painty Saranscha" the Germans gave this car for her "immortality." Every day the Red Army carried serious losses under Leningrad, among which there was a large number of T-60 tanks. The infantrymen in those weeks even gave them a sad nickname "BM-2" - "Brotherly Mogile-2". But the next day all new and new tanks went to battle, turning the fascists in shock!
The Star Hour T-60 stepped on the night of January 12, 1943, when 140 combat vehicles literally swept on the ice of the Neva and the approach attacked the position of the enemy on the plot from Shlisselburg to Nevsky Dubrovka. The Ice of Neva could withstand the weight of only these baby, and the command decided to go to the unprecedented step in world history, starting an offensive operation with the use of light tanks.
It is the help of "indestructible locust" allowed infantry units to create two bridgeheads depth from one and a half to three kilometers. For several hours, the sperm units erected a few crossings, according to which there was a more powerful armored vehicle to the Neva, including almost invulnerable heavy kV-1 tanks.
Sunset of the Glory and the birth of a new legend
Already in February 1943, the T-60 was removed from production by giving way to a more powerful T-70 tank, but until the very end of the war, served in the armored units of the Red Army, performing secondary tasks.
Many Wistherspiets still consider the T-60 extremely unsuccessful modification of the Soviet tank that did not meet the hopes assigned to it, but it is impossible to not recognize its important role in the reflection of enemy aggression.
At the end of the Great Patriotic War, the development of armored vehicles was aimed at an increase in armor capacity, as a result of which the military began to be mastered from using light tanks. It seemed that the story of T-60 would remain a small but bright point of Soviet history.
But in 1964 she received a completely new turnover. Commander of theun Vasily Marghelov In an ultimative form, I demanded that its fighters of a combat vehicle, capable of landing with parachutes, overcome water obstacles and maintain paratroopers with effective fire.
And after a year, Mytishchinsky machine-building plant presented to the State Commission matter Acent, which fully complied with the requirements. The crew of the BMD consisted of two people, one of which managed arms systems, covering five paratroopers sitting on armor.
During the war of the Soviet people against Nazi Germany, the Little Girly of hell Zhangin sent a letter to the publishing house of the Omsk Pravda newspaper. The girl wanted to give money accumulated on the purchase of toys, to the Defense Foundation for Tank Construction.
The statement that the Soviet Union is poorly prepared for military actions, contradicts the opinion that Stalin himself contributed to the development of hostile relations. Despite such disagreements, it is difficult to deny that the Soviet people sacrificed to many for victory. We are talking about ordinary people who are ready to provide the state everything necessary for the defeat of Hitler.
Famous personalities also provided active assistance, for example, Mikhail Sholokhov and Dmitry Shostakovich donated to the Stalin Prize (about one hundred thousand rubles) to the Defense Fund. The funds were invested in the construction of a merciless tank "merciless", and thanks to the donations of the Orthodox Church, an aviation unit and a well-known column of Tankov named after Dmitry Donskoy were built.
Letter to publishing house
In early 1942, in the "Omsk Pravda" received and immediately published a letter of hell Zangin. Below is the full text.
"I'm hell Zhangin. I am six years old. I write in a printed. Hitler kicked me out of the city of Sychevka in the Smolensk region. I want to go home. Little I, and I know that you need to split the Hitler and then we go home. Mom gave money on the tank. I I gathered on a doll 122 rubles and 25 kopecks. And now I give them on the tank. Dear uncle editor! Write to all children in your newspaper, so that they also gave their money to the tank. And we call him "Baby". When our tank breaks Hitler, we We will go home. Hell. My mom doctor, but dad tanker. "
Six-year-old hell has encouraged other guys to give the funds accumulated on toys to build a tank.
Letter from Comrade Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin sent a response telegram with a letter of thanks:
"I ask to convey to preschoolers of the city of Omsk, who collected 160886 rubles for the construction of a tank, my hot greetings and gratitude to the Red Army. The Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union I. Stalin."
As a result, a separate account was opened in the subdivision of the State Bank to translate donated money. And next year, the process on the assembly of T-60 "Baby" on the Stalingrad Plant "Shiporph" was completed.
"Baby" on the battlefield
Tank Management The long period carried out really brave woman, Catherine Putleuk, Sergeant of the 56th Tank Brigade. Interestingly, due to low growth, it was often called the "baby". By the way, after 30 years, Ekaterina Putleuk and Hell Zhangin finally saw.
Peaceful time
This fact became known thanks to schoolchildren who were found in the 1970s in the archive of the newspaper's letter. The guys in the Smolensk region also wanted to collect money for the production of tractors.
Already at the end in the 1970s, 15 new Tractors "Baby" collected on the Minsk Tractor Plant began to work.
Nowadays, disputes about history with a letter do not subside. Many believe that the money sacrificed parents, and not by good wax.
According to the data, the state was obtained from its citizens 35 billion rubles. This money was spent on the construction of 2,500 aircraft, 9 submarines and other techniques.
For money carried out strictest control.
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Operation "Baby"
Eto the history of the Ophthalmologist from the Elektrostal Elektrostal of Hell of Zhangin (Voronets) really does not remember. After all, the war began when she was five years old. Later, the mother told about the father-tanker who went to the front on the first day of war, on June 22, 1941, on evacuation for the Urals. Polina Terentievna's doctor here transported hundreds of children from orphanages. "And no one fell ill, did not die, did not harm ..."
In the memories of that time, the hell remained only a bourgeois in the wagons and the only stool, which was the entire situation in the extension, where they settled in the Siberian Maryanovka. "Then, in the war, I tried the chocolate for the first time: brought a wounded soldier, whom Mom treated," said Hell. Remembers how the parcels with mittens and socks were collected from the mother. Then the girl copied money on a doll, laying off a penny, repaid from the mother. And I bought a tank ...
In the first year of war in the Omsk Pravda, a note was published in the "Mail of our readers" heading. Hell then read in syllables ... And this letter wrote a simple pencil:
"Hitler drove me from the city of Sychevka Smolensk region. I want to go home. I collected 122 kopecks on a doll. And now I give them to the tank. Dear uncle editor! Write in your newspaper to all children so that they also gave their money on the tank. And let's call him "Baby". When our tank breaks Hitler, we will go home. Hell. My mother is a doctor, but dad tanker. "
The effect of a letter that is carefully kept in the People's Museum of the History of the Children's Movement of the Omsk Region was amazing. Children whom the Nazis deprived at home, literally poured the editors with letters, sent their savings.
"I want to return to Kiev. Money collected on boots - 135 rubles 56 kopecks - for the construction of a tank "Baby". Alik malodov. 6 years".
"Mom wanted to buy me a new coat and accumulated 150 rubles. I poured the old palishko. Tamara Loskutova. "
"Dear unfamiliar girl hell! I am only five years old, and I have already lived without mom for a year. I really want to go home, because I gladly give money to build our tank. Most likely our tank broke the enemy. Tanya Chistyakova. "
Shura Khomenko from Ishim: "I was told about the letter of the hell of Zangina, and I made all my savings - 100 rubles - and passed on 400 rubles of bonds to build a tank" Baby ". My comrade Vitya Tynanov brings 20 rubles. Let our dads run the fascists with tanks built on our savings. "
Omsk Gorono decided to inform Stalin: "Children's preschoolers, wanting to help the heroic red army finally defeat and destroy the enemy, the money collected by them to toys, dolls ... give up the construction of the tank and ask to call him" Baby ".
Thank you writing the leader did not make himself wait: "I ask to convey to preschoolers of the city of Omsk, who gathered 160,886 rubles for the construction of a tank" Malytka ", my hot greetings and gratitude to the Red Army. Supreme Commander Marshal of the Soviet Union I. Stalin. " In the department of the State Bank of the USSR, a special account No. 350035 was opened in the Omsk region. On him and translated the money collected. In the spring of 1942, the lightweight T-60 tank came up from the assembly line of the Stalingrad plant "Shipper". "Ma Lyut-Ka" - was inscribed across the hatch.
Ekaterina Alekseevna Petlyuk
He thought that her father would fight on the tank, but "toured" to them one of 19 to the whole red army of a woman tanker. A photograph of a pretty girl decorates many country museums. Katyusha, 22-year-old mechanic-driver Ekaterina Alekseevna Petlyuk, height 151 cm. "The exact hit - a baby in" Baby ", - joked tankers. The first battle battle, purchased for children's donations, took under Stalingrad in November 1942 in the Kalacha-on-Don area. Jurko slipped through the black fountains of the ruptures, drove the repairmen to the beaten tanks, delivered ammunition, took out wounded.
Further fate of the tank "Baby" is unknown. According to one version, he reached Prague or even to Berlin. On the other, before the Kursk Arc Tank was sent to the smelting.
After the victory of Head returned to his native Smolenc region, life went to his woman. And in 1975, a schoolboy from the "seeker" club of the Omsk Palace of Pioneers Volodya Yashin in the old key of the "Omsk Pravda" found a letter of hell Zhangin. And the search for the girl began, which began the start of the collection of funds on the tank. They found hell to Elektrostal, where she got married, worked as a doctor-ophthalmologist, invited to Omsk to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the victory. In the corridor of the Omsk hotel, she was presented by the "mechanics-driver Petlyuk", Catherine Alekseevna, deputy, employee of the Odessa registry office.
They were taken around the city: the administration, pioneers, children's homes ... and everywhere hell gave a doll, which she dreamed of during the war years. "Two mistresses of the tank," so called Zangen and Petlyuk in Omsk.
In the city, the Trolleybus "Baby" appeared in the city. And in Elektrostali - a bus with this name ...
They go away - old men, whose hands kept the bayonets, those who reached Berlin and litto the heels with his boots march on a block of red square in May 45th. It seems that another year or another - and no one will remain. But no, look back. There are still children. Children of war. Who also kicked victory. how Hell Zhangin - Six-year-old Smolyank with two braids on the shoulders.
I really wanted to the front - but there was no soldier-skoe belt. And I absolved him all ...
She will not even really remember this herself: she was 5 years at the beginning of the war! Mum, Polina Terentievna, then told about the belt, about the father-tanker who went to the front on the first day of the war, about evacuation to the Urals: the mother of the doctor was lucky at his beginning a hundred children of children's children. "And no one fell ill, did not die, did not harm" ... what did she remember herself? Burzhuyku in the wagons, the only stool - the whole setting - in an extension where they settled in Maryanovka Omsk Territory, a few black and white photos in the bag - the whole Skarb. "Then, in the war, I tried the chocolate for the first time: I brought the wounded soldier, whom Mom Tried." Remembers how to pick up the parcels with mittens and socks to the front. As she was before the war, her favorite piglery was a toy in a suitcase - and how to bombing on the Smolenc region and piglets, and the suitcase remained under the fire. "And I didn't have anything else."
Hell copied on a doll. Folded a penny, which fell from mom.
And I bought a tank.
"I'm hell Zhangin"
One day a small note was published in the Omsk Pravda in the heading "Mail of our readers." She then read in the syllables ... and wrote, slumping a pencil: "I'm hell Zhangin. I'm 6. I am writing in printed. Hitler drove me from the city of Sychevka Smolensk region. I want to go home. I collected 122 kopecks on a doll. And now I give them to the tank. Dear uncle editor! Write to all children so that they also gave their money on the tank. And let's call him "Baby". When our tank breaks the Hitler, we will go home. "
He fell asleep with letters - they were put on the editors of Omsk Pravda. Adic maltov, 6 years, I wrote: "I want to return to Kiev. Money collected on boots - 135 rubles 56 kopecks - for the construction of a tank "Baby". Tamara Loskutova: "Mom wanted to buy a new coat and accumulated 150 rubles. I pouch the old palishko. " Tanya cleanyakova: "Dear unfamiliar girl hell! I am only five years old, and I have already lived without mom for a year. I really want home, and therefore I will gladly give money to build our tank. Mostly our tank broke the enemy. " Shura Khomenko from Ishim: "I was told about the letter of hell Zangyna, and I made all my savings - 100 rubles - and passed the bonds for 400 rubles to build a tank" Baby ". My comrade Vitya Tynanov Brings 20 rubles. Let our dads run the fascists with tanks built on our savings. "
These letters written in a printed, read the hell out loud mom. One was from a 20-year-old soldier, wounded under Rzhev: He wrote from the hospital that the letter of Adda Zangagina breathed into it, immobilized, with an interrupted spine, thirsting only to get rid of MUK, new life "And now he is already on the amendment ... but soon - just somewhere at this time - adopted his last fight on Kursk Aroud Adin Father, Tankist. They put up home, on Smolensk region. The flow of letters is dried. In children's memory, a sneatic doll was delayed, the newspaper, imaginary tank ... He had forgotten and did not remember the "Baby". And after 30 years he reminded himself.
Tank "Baby". Photo: from a personal archive
"Baby"
... "Ma Lyut-ka" was inscribed across the hatch of the lightweight tank T-60, that all his short life served as a joke on the part of the male composition of the regiment. Still would! "Rulilled" them is one of 19 to the entire red army of a woman tanker, Katyusha, Katia Perevuk - 151 cm growth! And so nunted for your puppet sizes, she also managed a tank with the same name! After all, everything came true: money on the tank was collected. He was missed, but in the "Omsk Pravda" there was a telegram, Moscow - Omsk, urgently: "I ask you to convey to the preschoolers of the city of Omsk, who gathered to the construction of the Malytka tank 160,886 rubles, my hot greetings and gratitude to the Red Army. Supreme Commander Marshal of the Soviet Union I. Stalin. " And they called him, as she visited, "Baby", and the fascists beat, and returned home ... T-60 tank fought on the Kursk arc, got to Stalingrad, got into the smelter, and Katya left the tank clock for himself ... and they Silently lived in her Odessa apartment after the battles were rags.
Katya Putleuk, which for her 151 cm of growth was called a baby, managed the tank "Baby". Photo: from a personal archiveHe learned about this 30 years later from Omsk pioneers who started this story and found hell to Zhangin already in the Moscow region, married, mother, doctor. Invited to Omsk to the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the victory, the telegram is aware of the fact that the mechanic-driver "Baby", a certain E. A. Petryuk will be present. And Hell, a black-haired, slim, somewhere at Mom in Smolenc region forever left letters and adika Solodova, and Tamara Loskutte, and others, Obomllah, when in the hall of the Omsk hotel, she was presented by the "mechanics-driver Penukuk": small, gray, broadcaster, In strict English costume Catherine Alekseevna, deputy, employee Odessa registry office. "As the exhibits", they were taken around the city: the administration, Pio-Ners, orphanages ... And everywhere hell was given on a rubber nippers or a luxurious doll, or a plastic baby with pellecoms - atonement for the toy, which was not in military childhood ... "Two mistresses Tank "- so they were called. He traveled several times in Odessa to the baby tanker, went to Opera and the Drama Theater in her modest Sitz South Suit, having decided to wear a proposed by Catherine Alekseyevnye Pijak with her shoulders. And around the country, a wave raised once again, raised by the Girl Ada to the war. In the Smolensk region they collected the waste paper - and 3 columns of Tractors "Baby" came to the city. According to Omsk, the Trolleybus "Baby" began to be drilled on folk money. Elektrostali - a bus with this name ...
Before the perestroika Katya Putluk, the one that went through the whole war, died of cancer. But Adel Aleksandrovna Voronets, almost 80-year-old pensioner, a resident of the Elektrostal near Moscow, the one in the lower box of the servant, which lies with letters from the 40s - Adika, Tamara and others, is alive. She has one son, two cats and three works: medical unit, optics and part-time. Balcony in her "Oder" - in Gerana. "Travel in Europe, gone to beauty." Mom's friends pleased with his son.
Adele Alexandrovna Voronets (Hell Zhangin). Photo: From the personal archive, Adel Aleksandrovna, Hell, almost does not remember the war, does not shudder at night from the breakpoint of the surrounding sound of the airline and, only when they ask, pulls the old cuts of the "Omsk Pravda" ... "People boiled, I don't need this war ... And me ... I am gratifying that there is also my small tolik in the victory. "Why did I tell this story? It seemed important to me now, when the last old people leave and some of the memory takes them to hear all this in the first mouth, touch the gunpowder. Here she is a girl who bought a tank instead of doll. Live, close, pulling from there, from the forties, thread to us - until the peaceful sky, which is above its gerane balcony. "I'm hell Zhangin. I write in printed ... "
In 1942, the "Miscellaneous" Omsk Pravda "was printed" Letter of Adda Zanginina ", which marked the beginning of the only movement of preschoolers in the collection of funds for the front.
It said:
"I am Hell Zhangin. I am six years. I am writing in printed.
Hitler drove me from the city of Sychevka Smolensk region.
I want to go home. Little I, and I know that you have to break the Hitler and then eat home.
Mom gave money to the tank.
I collected 122 rubles and 25 kopecks on a doll. And now I give them to the tank.
Dear uncle editor!
Write in your newspaper to all children so that they also gave their money on the tank.
And let's call him "Baby".
When our tank breaks Hitler, we will eat home.
Hell.
My mother is a doctor, but dad tanker. "
Hell Zhangin
Then the letter of a six-year-old Alik Solodova appeared on the pages of the newspaper: "I want to return to Kiev," Alik wrote, "and I wonder the money collected on the boots - 135 rubles 56 kopecks - to the construction of the Malytka tank.
"Mom wanted to buy me a new coat and accumulated 150 rubles. I poured the old palishko. Tamara Loskutova. "
"Dear unfamiliar girl hell! I am only five years old, and I have already lived without mom for a year. I really want to go home, because I gladly give money to build our tank. Most likely our tank broke the enemy. Tanya Chistyakova. "
In the regional department of Gosbank, the account No. 350035 was opened. Children - preschoolers, school students and the region began to collect funds on the tank "Baby". Money acted almost daily - rubles, even a trifle that was in the guys wallets. Children kindergarten The state farm "Novo-Uralsky" prepared a concert and transferred earned 20 rubles to Gosbank.
A daily newspaper placed the letters of children who gave their "puppet" savings on the Baby Tank. The leaders of Omsk Gorono sent a telegram by the Supreme Commander: "Children-adolerschool children, wanting to help the heroic red army finally defeat and destroy the enemy, the money collected by them to toys, dolls ... give up for the construction of the tank and ask to call him" Baby "." Under the vulture "Higher Government" came the response telegram: "I ask you to convey to Omsk preschool children, gathered 160,886 rubles for the construction of a tank" Baby ", my hot greetings and gratitude to the Red Army."
He dreamed that her father was fighting on the tank "Baby". But a 22-year-old Ekaterina Alekseevna Petlyuk, Senior Sergeant of the 56th Tank Brigade, Senior Sergeant of the 56th Tank Brigade, became a mechanic-driver, who reached Odeauviahim's pilot from the pilot, passing all the exams on "excellent." In the first battle, she led a "baby" under Stalingrad in November 1942 in the Kalacha-on-Don area, between the state farm "X October and MTF-2. Svyaznaya "Baby", whose commander was Senior Sergeant Kozhura, Jurko slipped through the black fountains of the gaps, drove to the commander's cars, took orders, rushed into the division, passed these orders, brought the repairmen to the bubble tanks, delivered ammunition, exported wounded.
In December, the brigade was also disbanded and "Baby" with a new crew (the junior lieutenant Ivan Guban became the tank commander, Katya remained the driver, and there was no one else in T-60) falls in the 90th tank brigade. After completing the fights in Stalingrad, the tank together with the driver was transferred to the 91st separate tank brigade of Colonel I. I. Yakubovsky.