Exercises for practicing the imperative mood in English. The imperative and subjunctive mood in English. Imperative mood of English verbs

Let's complicate the task a little. I will write sentences in English, in which the first and third person pronouns in the singular and plural and nouns are in brackets. Expand the brackets and put the pronouns in the correct case. Translate the sentences into Russian. At the end of the exercise, I will write the correct sentences so you can test yourself. In translation, I believe, there will be no difficulties.

1. Let (we) translate these articles into English.

2. Let (he) insist on his decision.

3. Let (the secretary) type the letters and send them at once.

4. Let (they) pay attention to what I said.

5. Let (Anna) forgive me for not writing to her.

6. Let (she) put on a coat. It is very cold outside.

7. Let (your friend) look for a job.

8. Let (I) settle the matter myself.

9. Let (Tom) attend to these documents at once.

10. Let (they) exchange of ideas.

11. Let (she) keep her engagement.

12. Let (my children) play football in the yard.

13. Let (we) ask the way to the station.

14. Let (I) explain this rule to you.

15. Let (the dogs) run about in the field.

16. Let (they) get to know each other better.

17. Let (each of these students) devote all his time to the studies.

18. Let (Mary) speak from memory.

19. Let (he) persuade his sister to see the doctor at once.

20. Let (your brother) take steps to improve the position.

21. Let (we) have another try.

22. Let (they) answer all these questions.

23. Let (his granny) be, don’t disturb her.

24. Let (I) see - where have I left my key?

25. Let (he) make an appointment with the doctor.

26. Let (George and his wife) take care of their nephews.

27. Let (they) do their best to improve the position.

28. Let (one of these pupuls) fetch me my plasses.

29. Let (she) praise her child for being very helpful.

30. Let (we) check all these figures.

31. Let (these students) prepare for English examination.

32. Let (they) go back to their place.

33. Let (her sister) keep her promise.

34. Let (George) choose some books in the library.

35. Let (he) reserve a table at a restaurant.

36. Let (we) congratulate Tom on his marriage.

37. Let (the doctor) examine your brother.

38. Let (she) choose a present for her granny.

39. Let (they) stay where they are.

40. Let (some of them) find out where he lives.

41. Let (your aunt) take a taxi.

42. Let (we) keep the law.

43. Let (the teacher) compare John's translation with mine.

44. Let (we) cheer Ann up.

45. Let (we) invite our neighbors to the party.

46. ​​Let (I) know when you are coming.

47. Let (she) go. She is not to blame.

48. Let (we) have lunch in the garden.

49. Let (Jim) say what he want

50. Let (my friends) take some photographs.

I'll expand the brackets and use pronouns in the correct case.

1. Let’s translate these articles into English.

2. Let him insist on his decision.

3. Let the secretary type the letteres and send them at once.

4. Let them pay attention to what I said.

5. Let ann forgive me for not writing to her.

6. Let her put on a coat. It is very cold outside.

7. Let your friend look for a job.

8. Let me settle the matter myself.

9. Let Tom attend to the documents at once.

10. Let them exchange of ideas.

11. Let her keep her engagement.

12. Let my children play football in the yard.

13. Let’s ask the way to the station.

14. Let me explain this rule to you.

15. Let the dogs run about in the field.

16. Let them get to know each other better.

17. Let each of these students devote all his time to their studies.

18. Let Mary speak from memory.

19. Let him persuade his sister to see the doctor at once.

20. Let your brother take steps to improve the position.

21. Let’s have another try.

22. Let them answer all these questions.

23. Let his granny be; don’t disturb her.

24. Let me see- where have I left my key?

25. Let him make an appointment with the doctor.

26. Let George and his wife take care of their nephews.

27. Let them do their best to improve the position.

28. Let one of these pupils fetch me my glasses.

29. Let her praise her son for being very helpful.

30. Let’s check all these figures.

31. Let these students prepare for English examination.

32. Let them go back to their place.

33. Let her suster keep her promise.

34. Let george choose some books in the library.

35. Let him reserve a table at a restaurant.

36. Let’s congratulate Tom on his marriage.

37. Let the doctor examine your brother.

38. Let her choose a present for her granny.

39. Let them stay where they are.

40. Let some of them find out where he lives.

41. Let your aunt take a taxi.

42. Let’s keep the law.

43. Let the teacher compare John's translation with mine.

44. Let’s cheer Ann up.

45. Let’s invite our neighbors to the party.

46. Let me know when you are coming.

47. Let her go. She is not to blame.

48. Let’s have lunch in the garden.

49. Let Jim say what he wants.

50. Let my friends take some photographs.

Hello dear friends!

What's the best way to learn English? Right! Practice it as often as possible. Therefore, today I want to do exercises with you to practice the imperative mood.

From this article you will learn:

Examples of the imperative mood

Repetition is the mother of learning!

In one of the previous articles "Category of mood in" we have already considered all types of moods with you, but I want to remind you what an imperative is. It is also called Imperative mood and expresses a person's motivation for action in the form of a request, order or instruction.

I offer you all possible options for proposals

Sentences with an order are built according to a very simple principle: you need to put the infinitive without the to particle at the beginning. Examples: Come here. Sit on the sofa Such proposals sound quite insistent and strict.

Affirmative order sentences

1. For the negative form of the same order, you need to put don’t at the beginning. Don’t call her. Don’t lean on the door. You can meet the first two forms on signs with announcements around the city, for example, in public transport.
2. In addition, similar forms can be found in instructions or recipes: Add sugar and mix well.
3. To soften the intent and make it more of a request, you can add please. Please, don’t sit on this chair. It's broken (Please don't sit on this chair. It's broken).

Orders not to do anything

• Let’s (short for let us) is used in English to call the interlocutor for joint action. It is followed by the infinitive without the to particle. Let’s go to the cinema tonight (Let's go to the cinema tonight). Let’s have something to eat. This form can be operated with friends and relatives.
  You can also call the other person to action using shall + we + infinitive.
  Shall we meet at 5? (Maybe we will meet at 5?)
• A negative Let’s looks like Let’s not + infinitive.
  Let’s not go to this restaurant (Let's not go to this restaurant).

Offers with Let’s

Ponytails

If your intention contains a tinge of irritation, then start it with You + infinitive: You stop talking! (Stop talking already!) You turn the computer off! (Turn off the computer already!)

Let's train knowledge

So the tongue is like muscles. In order to train well, you need to perform language training simulators-exercises. As I promised, we will focus on them in this article.

Sign the ponytails to the examples shown:

• Let’s play football.
  For example, Let’s play football, shall we?
• Don’t tell it to anybody.
• Do me a favor.
• Don’t eat this cake.
• Let’s visit our friends.
• Let’s do it another day.
• Carry these bags.
• Answer the phone.
• Turn the TV off.
• Let’s go on holiday in June.
• Don’t forget to call me.

Translate sentences into English using the correct imperative:

1. Please open the window.
2. Example: Open the window, please.
3. Stop listening to music so loud already!
4. Let's not go to Julie today.
5. Shall we take the subway?
6. Let's not talk about it.
7. Be sure to read this book!
8. Don't tell me what to do!
9. Be sure to take your dog for a walk!
10. Let's listen to some music.
11. Will you sit down?
12. Be quieter.

How to communicate what you have been asked to do

If you need to convey someone's intentions, you need indirect speech. How to build it with an imperative mood? You will need a verb expressing a request, order or advice, and an infinitive with a to particle that refers to the request itself. For example, in direct speech Open the window, please looks like He asked to open the window indirectly. Where asked is a verb expressing a request, and open is the request itself.

We choose the verb depending on whether it is a favor or an order. You can use: asked (asked), told (said), ordered (ordered).

Subscribe to the blog, find even more useful articles and rules, and you will also receive as a gift a basic phrasebook in three languages, English, German and French. The main plus is that there is Russian transcription, therefore, even without knowing the language, you can easily master colloquial phrases.

Negation is built according to a similar principle, only before the to particle we put not. Don’t open this present. He told not to open this present. And what about?

Let’s sentences can be changed to indirect speech using suggest: Let’s play bowling. He suggested that we play bowling Required components of sentences with suggest is that we, after which the verb is placed in the infinitive without to.

Remember our fun appearance tutorial?

Now I offer you a practice exercise. Change the sentences from direct to indirect speech:

1. Let’s invite some friends round.
   Example: He suggested that we invite some friends round.
2. Don’t touch my phone.
3. Pour me some water, please.
4. Close the door.
5. Go out of the class!
6. Let’s play computer games.
7. Drink a cup of tea.
8. Don’t open the window!
9. Stop making the noise!
10. Let’s buy a new car.
11. Come home early today.

I was with you, the English philologist Ekaterina Martynova.
I wish you have a good day!

In the process of communication, it is difficult to do without incentive speech forms. In order to convey the necessary message to the interlocutor and force him to act, imperative verbs are used. Their use presupposes the presence of a certain order of words in a sentence and an obligatory emotional coloring.

How is the imperative mood formed and used?

English has a subjunctive, indicative and imperative mood. Pushing the addressee to perform specific actions, handling imperative verbs carry a different semantic load.

In incentive speech turns, many ways of stimulating activity are used:

• request;
• advice;
• warning;
• ban;
• order;
• instruction.

Speech turns with an imperative mood generally do not contain a subject, and the predicate is expressed by a verb in an indefinite form without the particle "to".

The infinitive (n.f.)	Translation		Translation
to look	watch	Look there!	Look!
to write	write	Write!	Write!
to do	make	Do it!	Do it!
to listen	listen	Listen to me!	Listen to me!
to get	receive	Get out here!	Get out of here!

The construction of the interrogative form for the imperative mood is rarely done, therefore, many, mistakenly, believe that the English grammar did not provide for this option.

It is impossible to simply speak using the auxiliary verbs "do" or "does" when using motivational turns of speech. The question will be formed through the use of the modal verb "shall". It belongs to the type of imperative-permissive.

The imperative mood	Translation	Interrogative sentence	Translation
Stay here!	Stay put!	Shall I (we) stay here?	Should I (we) stay put?
Sit down!	Sit down!	Shall I (we) sit down?	Should I (we) sit?
Read!	Read on!	Shall I (we) read?	Should I (we) read?
Buy it!	Buy it!	Shall I (we) buy it?	Should I (us) buy?
Give me that!	Give it to me!	Shall I (we) give you that?	Should I (us) give you (you) this?

To add additional politeness to the imperative mood, the word is put in the first or last place in the sentence "Please - please"... Being at the head of a phrase, it does not need to be separated by commas. When located at the end of the speech turnover, the situation is exactly the opposite.

Sometimes a verb and a noun have the same spelling, which creates difficulties for the correct perception of information. When determining the difference between these parts of speech, it is worth paying attention to the direct object, which should be located immediately after the predicate in sentences with an imperative mood.

Types of imperative mood

In addition to the simple affirmative option, there are imperative sentences with an unusual form of construction. They include auxiliary verbs and other obligatory speech inclusions. They are used to give the desired emotional color.

There are four additional forms of the imperative mood:

1. Negative;
2. Polite;
3. Reinforced;
4. With an appeal.

negative form

Negative imperative sentences are used to indicate actions that should not be taken.

When constructing this speech form, the auxiliary verb do is used in combination with the not particle. The don’t (do not) construction is placed at the head of the speech turnover, followed by the predicate in an indefinite form, without the to particle.

	Translation
Don’t talk with him!	Don't talk to him!
Don’t leave me alone!	Don't leave me alone!
Don’t lie to me!	Don't lie to me!
Don’t touch this book!	Don't touch this book!
Don’t give him your presents!	Don't give him your (your) gifts!

The independent verb "to be" loses its independence in negative sentences with an imperative mood. They use it in conjunction with the "don't" construct.

Negative imperative	Translation
Don’t be afraid!	Do not be afraid (-be)!
Don’t be late!	Don't be late!
Don’t be boring!	Don't be boring!
Don’t be a fool!	Don't be a fool (s)!
Don’t be a little girl! You are a big boy.	Don't act like a little girl! You are a big boy!

Polite form

Along with the word "please", in incentive sentences, to soften and impart politeness, use a speech form similar to a dividing question. The construction of this construction occurs using the affirmative or negative form of the auxiliary verb. "Will" as well as the pronoun "you".

A question mark at the end of a sentence, in a letter, lends a polite tone to the command.

Polite imperative	Translation
Give me your hand, won’t you?	Give me your hand, please!
Help her with her bag, will you?	Help her with her bag, please!
Read the weather forecast, won’t you?	Read the weather forecast, please!
Bring my coffee, will you?	Bring me my coffee, please!
Close the window, will you?	Close the window, please!

This speech form seems to be only a derivative of the dividing issue. The choice between “will” and “won’t” is arbitrary and does not explain anything.

Reinforced form

Auxiliary "Do" rarely present in sentences with an affirmative connotation. Its use at the beginning of an imperative sentence helps to give the phrase more vivid emotions, and also significantly increases the weight of the main predicate. This puts additional pressure on the interlocutor.

	Translation
Do sit down!	Sit down!
Do wake up!	Wake up (wake up)!
Do shut up!	Shut up!
Do open your eyes!	Open your eyes!
Do tell us about it!	Tell us about it!

The strengthened form clearly expresses the emotional overtones of the imperative mood, but it does not always serve as a sign of the speaker's irritation. It is sometimes used to say encouraging phrases.

In order to convey anger, contempt or disappointment in an imperative sentence, the verb "just" is put at the beginning of the sentence:

Enhanced imperative	Translation
Just do it!	Just do it!
Just write a letter!	Just write a letter!
Just go with him!	Just go with him!
Just drive a car!	Just drive the car!

Application form

Sometimes in imperative sentences there are addressing the interlocutor. It can be located in any part of the phrase, more often, at the beginning or end. This technique is used to accurately designate a person or group of people who are required to perform an action.

The letter is always marked with commas.

Imperative mood with appeal	Translation
Kate, stop worrying!	Kate, stop worrying!
Stay at home, Mike!	Stay home Mike!
Close the window, Mary, and go to the kitchen!	Close the window, Mary, and go to the kitchen!
Do your homework, Ben!	Do your homework, Ben!
Ann, read the book!	Ann, read the book!

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Construction c Let

The verb "let" is translated into Russian as "encourage, allow, force".

It is often found in imperative sentences. The construction of motivating speech turns assumes the location of the word "let" at the very beginning of the phrase.

It is followed by a direct object indicating the person who will perform the action. Usually, this is a pronoun or noun in the objective case. The semantic verb in an indefinite form without the particle "to" is the third in a row.

If the addition is presented in the third person, then, when translated into Russian, the sentence will begin with the word "let".

	Translation
Let her dance with me!	Let her dance with me!
Let your brother wait in this room!	Let your (your) brother wait in this room!
Let o ur children watch this cartoon!	Let our children watch this cartoon!
Let Mike read the newspapers!	Let Mike read the newspapers!
Let your son drive the car!	Let your (your) son drive the car!

Often the pronoun “me” is placed right after the word “let”. The construction "let me" in the Russian version sounds like "Let me ..." and "Let me ..."

The imperative with the verb "let"	Translation
Let me be your husband!	Let me be your husband!
Let me see your face!	Let me see your face!
Let me take his luggage!	Come on, I'll take his luggage!
Let me be a child!	Let me be a child!
Let me write the essay!	Let me write an essay!

The most common use of the verb "let" is a combination of it with the objective object "us". "Let us" or, in abbreviated form, "let's" symbolize the involvement of the speaker in performing the required actions. Translated as "Let's ..."

Consider an example in the table:

The imperative with the verb "let"	Translation
Let’s come to our friends’ café tomorrow morning!	Let's go to our friends' cafe tomorrow morning!
Let’s buy the airplane tickets to Costa Rica!	Let's buy plane tickets to Costa Rica!
Let’s sell out our flat in the center of the city!	Let's sell our apartment in the city center!
Let’s move to the ocean!	Let's move to the ocean!
Let’s visit your brother in Japan!	Let's visit your brother in Japan!

For imperative sentences with the word "let", using the auxiliary verb "shall", you can put a question that sounds like an invitation, for example:

The imperative with the verb "let"	Translation	Question with the auxiliary verb "shall"	Translation
Let’s go to a pub!	Let's go to the pub!	Shall we go to a pub?	Shall we go to the pub?
Let’s dance!	Let's Dance!	Shall we dance?	Let's dance?
Let’s listen to music!	Let's listen to some music!	Shall we listen to music?	Let's listen to music?
Let’s take a taxi!	Let's catch a taxi!	Shall we take a taxi?	Shall we catch a taxi?
Let’s watch a TV-show!	Let's watch a TV show!	Shall we watch a TV-show?	Let's watch a TV show?

Imperative mood in indirect speech

Indirect speech serves to convey information told by third parties in their own words. This option for transmitting incentive offers uses verbs in an indefinite form with the particle "to" or infinitive turns.

Direct speech	Translation	Indirect speech	Translation
"Stay on the bus stop!" his mother said.	"Stay at the bus stop!" - said his mother.	His mother said to stay on the bus stop.	His mom said to stay at the bus stop.
"Look at her", our teacher said.	“Look at her,” our teacher said.	Our teacher said to look at her.	Our teacher said to look at her.
"Bring your cup to the kitchen" my father asked.	“Take your mug to the kitchen,” my father asked.	My father asked to bring my cup to the kitchen.	My father asked me to take my mug to the kitchen.
"Watch out!", She cried.	"Carefully! "She shouted.	She cried to watch out.	She shouted to be careful.
"Read this poem", he said.	“Read this poem,” he said.	He said to read this poem.	He said to read this poem.

If the imperative mood in direct speech is used in a negative form, then in an indirect narration the particle "Not" will come before the infinitive.

Direct speech	Translation	Indirect speech	Translation
“Don’t make a dial! »The boss ordered.	"Don't make a deal!" - ordered the boss.	The boss ordered not to make a dial.	The boss ordered not to close the deal.
“Don’t leave me,” she said.	“Don't leave me,” she said.	She said not to leave her.	She said not to leave her.
“Don’t stay alone,” my friend said.	“Don't be alone,” said my friend.	My friend said not to stay alone.	My friend said not to be alone.
“Don’t believe him!”, My wife asked.	"Do not trust him!" My wife asked.	My wife asked not to believe him.	My wife asked not to believe him.

Exercises

You can do exercises on the imperative mood with answers.

Conclusion

The imperative mood of the verb is an important speech form, which is difficult to do without in the process of communication. Its use presupposes the observance of a certain structure of the formation of phrases and the ways of their use.

Remember:

In this lesson we will get acquainted with the imperative and subjunctive moods in English, learn how to build and use them.

There are four moods in English (fig. 1):

indicative (the Indicative Mood),

imperative (the Imperative Mood),

the subjunctive (the Subjunctive Mood) and

conditional (the Conditional Mood).

Rice. 1. Inclinations ()

Today we will focus on the imperative and subjunctive moods, but first, let's remember what a “mood” is. The definition of mood that the dictionary gives us can seem quite confusing. In fact, everything is not that difficult. Leaning shows how what we say relates to reality. This is what we will discuss today.

I think each of you at least once in your life was told: "Show the diary", "Buy bread", "Don't be late." These are all typical examples. imperativeinclinations... That is, with the help of the imperative mood, you can express a request or order, give advice, make an offer or warn.

Branch 1. Special cases of using the imperative mood

Very often, a simple form of the imperative mood is not enough to convey the entire emotional coloring of the statement. To strengthen the imperative sentence (be it a request or an order), use an auxiliary verb do, although the sentence form is affirmative. When translating, amplifying particles such as "same", "yes" or "well" may appear.

For example:

Do stay and help me! - Well, stay the same and help me!

Do open the door! - Yes open up the same a door!

Do forgive me. - Well forgive me! (Fig. 2)

If we want to soften our order or turn it into a polite request, it is necessary to add the word please- please. Please can be put at the end or at the beginning of an imperative sentence.

For example:

Sit down, please... - Have a seat, please.

Please listen to me. - Please, listen to me.

Don’t tell him my secret, please... - Don't tell him please, my secret.

If, on the contrary, we want to give the imperative sentence a shade of emotional irritation, it is necessary to put a pronoun in front of the semantic verb you... In this case, it will be translated as "hey you", "come on", or with the help of amplifying particles "same", "yes", "well".

For example:

You get out of here! - Come on, Get out of here!

You leave me alone! - Yes leave the same you me alone! (Fig. 3)

You come here to me. - Hey,you, come on- ka to me.

Rice. 3. Leave me alone! ()

They refer, as a rule, to a certain 2nd person singular or plural (you or you), therefore there is no subject in sentences of this type. The predicate is used in the infinitive form without particles to.

to speak - to speak Speak! - Speak (those)!

to do - to do Do! - Do (those)!

Negativethe form, which expresses the prohibition of taking an action, is formed with the help of an auxiliary verb do and negative particle not... The shortened form is most often used. don ’t.

For example:

Don 'tspeak! - Do not speak!

Don 'tread this anecdote! - Don't read this anecdote!

Don 'tdo anything! - Don't do anything!

Branch 3.Do ’sandDon 'ts

Here are some examples of the imperative mood, which is very common in the so-called « Do ’sanddon ’ts "- norms and rules, which got their name from do - to do, and don’t - not to do.

Rice. 4. Do not walk on lawns ()

1. Keepoffthegrass... - Do not walk on the lawns. (Fig. 4)

2. Keepright. - Stick to the right.

3. Please, do not disturb... - Please do not disturb.

4. Please, do not feed the animals.- Please do not feed the animals.

5. Mindyourhead... - Don't hit your head.

6. Mindyourstep... - Watch your step.

7. Do not leave bags unattended... - Do not leave things unattended.

8. Do not lean out of the window... - Don't lean out of the window.

These set expressions, along with such as

“No.Smoking" (No smoking) " No.Parking"(Do not park)" No.Exit" (No exit) " No Talking"(Don't talk)" Beware of the Dog" (Be aware of dogs)

will be especially useful for those who are going to travel abroad.

So good luck to you!

If you need to refer to the 3rd person singular or plural (he, she, they), then use the verb let, which is often translated as "let".

Between the verb let and the infinitive of the semantic verb, they put a noun in the nominative case (for example, mother, students, Mr Brown) or a personal pronoun in the object case (him, her, it, them). The choice of a noun or pronoun depends on who is to take the action.

For example:

Lethimplay. - Let be plays.

Letthemtry it again. - Let be try again.

Letfathercook breakfast. - Let be dad will make breakfast. (Fig. 5)

Rice. 5. Preparing breakfast ()

When referring to the 1st person plural (we), the form is used before the infinitive of a semantic verb let ’s(= let us), which is used to express an invitation to cooperate. Let’s can be translated as "let's" or completely omitted in translation.

For example:

Let ’sdo it together. - Let's let's do it together.

Let’sgo to the party. - Let's go to the party.

Let ’shurry... - Let's hurry.

negative form formed by a negative particle not, which is placed before the semantic verb.

For example:

Lethernotdo it. - Let be she this not does.

Let ’snotquarrel. - Let'snot we will quarrel.

Another way to form a negative form is to use don ’t before the verb let, but then the negation will be directed precisely at the word let, which will fully retain its meaning as "allow", "allow".

For example:

Don 'tletherdo it. - Notlet her to do it.

Don 'tlethimplay here. - Notallow him to play here. (Fig. 6)

Rice. 6. Illustration for example ()

If the imperative mood expresses a request, order or advice, then subjunctivemood, or Subjunctive Mood, is a mood that expresses an intended or desired action. That is, the event is viewed not as real, but as possible, or rather expected in the speaker's imagination.

For example:

I wish I were young again. - I wish I was young again.

If only she were happy ... - If only she was happy ...

As you may have noticed, after the pronouns I and she used verb were, although in the past tense with these pronouns it has the form was... This is the main difference between the subjunctive mood and the indicative mood.

Branch 2. "If only mushrooms had grown in my mouth"

Surely each of you has heard (or said) the phrase "If only mushrooms had grown in my mouth"... So, this is also an example of the subjunctive mood. Of particular interest is the translation of this idiomatic expression into English. Let's consider several options.

1. If my aunt had been a man, she’d have been my uncle (Literally: if my aunt was a man, she would be my uncle).

2. If the sky fall, we shall catch larks (Literally: if the sky falls, we will catch larks, or: When the sky falls, everyone will get a lark).

3. If wishes were horses beggars might ride (Literally: if wishes were horses, beggars could ride).

4. If ifs and ans were pots and pans (Literally: if all the “ifs” and “answers” ​​to them were pots and pans).

As we can see, each of the idiomatic expressions implies that one should not dream of the unrealizable. Your aunt will not become your uncle, the sky will not fall to the ground, and desires will not turn into horses. Likewise, mushrooms will never grow in your mouth.

Concerning use subjunctive mood, it is used in the following cases.

1. When describing unreal or imaginary situations (for example, in conditions or comparisons).

For example:

My sister looked at me as if she knew everything. “My sister looked at me as if she knew everything.

As you can see, in such sentences we use the conjunction as if (as if, as if), due to which in the subordinate clause we will put the verb in Past Simple, despite the fact that the main sentence can be in both Present Simple and Past Simple.

He is so angry as if he hated all the world. - He's so angry, like he hates the whole world. (Fig. 7)

But if in the subordinate clause we come across the verb "to be", then remember that it will always have the form were for any number and person.

They spoke to her so respectfully as if she were the Queen. “They spoke to her as reverently as if she were a queen.

2. When describing unrealistic desires, regrets.

The main sentence consists of the subject and the verb wish (want, desire), and the subordinate one of the subject and semantic verb in Past Simple, if we want to express our desires or regrets about the present moment.

For example:

Iwish I knew your address. - I wish I knew your address.

Iwish I had more time to have rest. - I wish I had more time to rest.

Shewishes she were at home now and not at work. - She would like to be at home now, not at work.

We see that in unreal desires in the subordinate clause, the verb to be can only be used in the form were.

And now let’s do some exercises to understand the use of the Imperative and the Subjunctive Mood better.

Now let's do some exercises to better understand the specifics of using the imperative and subjunctive moods.

Exercise 1

Put the words in brackets into the gaps. Mind the positive or the negative forms of the Imperative Mood.

1 .___ late for the meeting. (not / to be) → Don’t be

2.___ in this river. (not / to swim) → Don’t swim

3.___ your coat. It may get colder. (to take) → Take

4.___ me later, please. (to call) → Call

5.___ bags unattended. (not / to leave) → Don’t leave

Exercise 2

Put the verb in brackets into the necessary form of the Subjunctive Mood.

1. I wish you ___ football. It makes people stronger. (to play) → played

2. I wish I ___ enough money to buy iPhone 5. (to have) → had

3. He wishes he ___ in Rome now. (to be) → were

4. I wish I ___ your telephone number. (to remember) → remembered

5. We wish we ___ on a hike now. (to be) → were

Bibliography

1. Afanasyeva OV Series "New English course for Russian schools." Grade 5. - M: Bustard, 2008.
2. Fomina I. N., Fomina L. V. English in algorithms. - Dnepropetrovsk, 2007.
3. Pakhotin A. Everything about modal verbs and the subjunctive mood in English. - M: Publisher Karev, 2005.
4. Dubrovin MI Illustrated guide to English grammar. - M: "Nachala-Press", 1992.

1. English4up.ru ().
2. Uroeducation.com.ua ().
3. Alleng.ru ().
4. Alleng.ru ().

Homework

Expand the brackets by putting the verb in the form you want.

1) He spoke French as if he (to be) a Frenchman. 2) I wish he (to have) a driving license. 3) She spoke as if she (to know) everyone there. 4) I wish it (not to snow) in our region. 5) Why do you always treat me as if I (to be) a child of 12? 6) I wish I (to have) something to read. 7) You look as if you (to want) to go away. 8) We wish it (not to rain) so often. 9) I wish I (to have) a camera. 10) I wish I (to be) a good artist.

Form the imperative from the following verbs:

to run, to jump,

to read, not to cry,

not to go away, to forgive,

to print, not to be angry,

In this topic, we will look at the lexical and grammatical ways of expressing commands, requests, invitations, tips and suggestions.

The easiest way to express an order is to place the verb in the imperative mood.

Hurry up!
Close the door!

Such commands are very similar to orders. And in orders, as you know, there is little tact. Therefore, you should use this kind of command carefully.

Note:

If the speaker wants to make his commands rude in order to show his superiority, then a personal pronoun is placed in front of the verb in the imperative mood you... That is, the team becomes more targeted.

The first type of commands can be strengthened using the following stylistic technique: an auxiliary verb is placed before the imperative verb do... It - stylistic reception, that is, the presence of DO in front of the verb does not contribute to the sentence no grammatical changes. The presence of Do adds an additional tinge of impatience and irritation to an already commanding tone.

Do hurry up, please!
Well please hurry up!

You can encourage a person to take action using phrases with a verb let... Originally a verb let translates to "allow". After let there is a pronoun in the object case (addressee) and a verb in the form of an infinitive without a particle to.

The most common phrase is Let "s, which translates as "let's / let". This is a commonly used short form, here is the full version - Let us.

Let us have dinner. - Let's have lunch.
Let "s watch TV - Let's watch TV.

Besides the pronoun us, c let other object pronouns are also used.

Let him say what he wants. - Let be will say what he wants
Let them leave. - Let be(they are going away
Let me think about it. - Let / Give I think about it

Note

Pronoun only us forms a short form with let.

There are two ways formation of negative forms for phrases with let.

The first way: negation is created using an auxiliary verb of the corresponding tense and a negative particle not.

Don "t let them take the money.

The second method, the most commonly used (usually used only in Present Simple): one negative particle is placed after the object pronoun not.

Let them not take the money.

Please note that the way of negating phrases with let their translation may depend. Let's take a closer look at the examples provided.

Don "t let them take the money.

If the verb let strictly translate as "allow", then negation don "t here to the place. Accordingly, this sentence has the following translation: " Do not allow / let take them money. "

Let them not take the money will be translated a little differently: " Let be they not take the money. "

There is a small but very clear semantic difference between the translations of these phrases.