Orichalcum terraria. Where can I get Orichalcum Ore? Orichalcum after Plato

Sandbox games combine elements from different genres. They give the player complete freedom of action up to the construction of a dwelling and killing bosses. Most actions require some kind of resources, which the player obtains in the process of exploring the world. In projects like Terraria, one of the key activities is finding and mining ore. This search is complicated by the fact that the researcher will be attacked by monsters and other inhabitants of the underworld. Often the player has to run by a hair's breadth from death in order to get the desired ore for their own needs. Ore and rare stones are commonly used to craft weapons and armor that are essential for survival.

Orichalcum ore spawns

After defeating the Wall of Flesh boss, the world goes into hard mode. New monsters and bosses appear, new opportunities for crafting and construction open up, the game becomes many times more difficult and interesting. Hardmod mode is a mandatory stage for the passage of Terraria (it means killing all bosses).

In order to stay alive at the initial stages of this mode, you need to tightly equip yourself in new armor. Depending on what kind of world you have - with a distortion or with a crimson, it is necessary to destroy the demonic or bloody altars, which you have repeatedly met in malevolent biomes. They are destroyed with the help of the "Nagibator" obtained from the Wall of Flesh.

It is enough to destroy three altars for all the necessary ores to appear in the game (the type depends on the distortion / crimzone):

  • Destroying the first altar yields cobalt / palladium.
  • The second altar is mithril / orichalcum.
  • The third altar is adamantite / titanium.

Search for ore

Let us ask ourselves the question: "Where to look for orichalcum ore in Terraria? After the destruction of the second altar, new ores will be introduced into the earth. Accordingly, orichalcum will be in the world where there is a crimzon. Orichalcum ore appears most often in the rock layer and below, not including hell The ore has a purple color, thanks to which it can be easily distinguished from all other deposits.Unfortunately, ore can be attacked with a tool with 110% mining power or better.Ore is mined with a palladium pick or a drill.

What is it for?

Orichalcum ore is always smelted into ingots by players to craft armor, tools and weapons. The first item is to make an orichalcum anvil, as only on it is it possible to craft orichalcum equipment. On the same anvil, items are created to summon mechanical bosses. The anvil can be analogous to the mythical anvil.

Orichalcum in Plato

The most detailed description of orichalcum is given by Plato in the dialogue "Critias". According to Cretius, this substance was in use in Atlantis. " Most of what was needed for life was provided by the island itself, primarily any types of fossil solid and fusible metals, including what is now known only by name, but then existed in practice: native orichalcum, extracted from the bowels of the earth in various places on the island and its value was then second only to gold.»

In the following, Critias reports that “ the relationship of the Atlanteans to each other in the matter of government was arranged in accordance with Poseidon's prescriptions, as ordered by the law written by the first kings on an orichalcum stele, which stood at the center of the island - inside the temple of Poseidon". Besides, " the walls around the outer earthen ring of the citadel they fashioned around the entire circumference in copper, applying molten metal, the wall of the inner shaft was covered with tin casting, and the wall of the acropolis itself - with orichalcum emitting a fiery shine».

Orichalcum after Plato

Subsequently, vague ideas about orichalcum as an ancient substance accessible only to a select few were repeatedly used for their own purposes by esoteric societies and religious sects. For example, the brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, claimed that the gold plates (tablets) of Mormonism were made of an alloy of gold and copper. This topic was further developed in science fiction literature and in computer games.

What is Orichalcum?

Ancient greek word ὀρείχαλκος made up of stems of words όρος "Mountain" and χαλκός "Copper" and can be translated as "mountain copper". Latin authors mistakenly transliterated this word as aurichalcum, literally "gold copper". On the basis of this reading, the identification of orichalcum with various alloys of gold and copper has spread. In the Homeric hymns, the word "orichalcum" is usually translated as "yellow copper" or "jewelry made of yellow copper."

In popular literature, the point of view is widespread that orichalcum is brass or aluminum. Meanwhile, brass was well known to the Greeks of the classical period and by no means "just by name", as Plato writes about the orichalcum. Aluminum was first obtained in the nineteenth century. Comparisons of Plato's metal with chalcopyrite, jade, amber and other minerals and ornamental stones are hardly more reliable.

Literature

  • Zhirov N.F. Atlantis. The main problems of atlantology. - Moscow: Veche, 2004.
  • // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

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See what "Orichalcum" is in other dictionaries:

    Orichalcum, ο̉ρίχαλκον, mountain ore, usually copper, but among the most ancient Roman writers, for example, Plautus, was mixed with aurichalcum and was considered an expensive metal ... The Real Dictionary of Classical Antiquities

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Exploring the site of a shipwreck of the 6th century BC, archaeologists have found ingots of a brass alloy, the composition of which is different from other known ancient samples. Scientists suggest that this is the orichalcum, which was previously known only from the works of ancient authors.

Literally translated, the name orichalcum (ὀρείχαλκος) means "mountain copper". The most famous mention of orichalcum is contained in the Platonic dialogue "Critias" (IV century BC), in the description of Atlantis: "Much was imported to them from the subject countries, but most of what was needed for life was provided by the island itself, above all any types of fossils hard and fusible metals, including what is now known only by name, but then existed in practice: native orichalcum, extracted from the bowels of the earth in various places on the island and was second only to gold in value ”(translation by S.S. Averintseva). It goes on to say that orichalcum, “orichalcum that emitted a fiery glow,” covered the walls of the Acropolis of Atlantis, and was used to decorate the ceilings, walls, floors and columns of the Temple of Kleito and Poseidon, the main shrine of the island. The laws of Atlantis were written on an orichalcum stele inside the temple.

Other authors also wrote about orichalcum. In the work "Shield of Hercules", which is attributed to Hesiod, but in fact was written not earlier than the VI century BC. e., the leggings of Hercules, presented to him by Hephaestus, were made of orichalcum. In the Homeric hymn to Aphrodite, the ora, who met the sea goddess born of foam, put earrings made of orichalcum and gold into her ears. Pausanias in his Description of Hellas says that the story of the sacraments instituted in Lerna by Philammon was written in verse on a heart made of orichalcum. In the book of Flavius \u200b\u200bPhilostratus (170-250 AD) "Life of Apollonius of Tyana" it is said that the Indians use coins made of orichalcum. It is assumed that the orichalcum was mentioned by Josephus in "Antiquities of the Jews" (VIII, 3, 7), when he describes the utensils of the Temple of Solomon, made of copper by Hiram, "which with its beautiful luster resembled gold" (ἐκ χαλκοῦ τὴν αλὐγὴν ὁμὶὁο ).

Strabo mentions the receipt of an orichalcum in the real world in Geography, when he talks about the city of Andira, located in Troas. “Near Andir there is a stone which, when burned, turns into iron and then, when it is melted in a furnace with the addition of some kind of earth, gives off zinc [ψευδάργυρος letters. "False silver"], which, when copper is added, turns into a so-called mixture, called by some "mountain copper" "(translation by GA Stratanovsky). This description can be interpreted as obtaining brass by fusing copper with zinc ore (sphalerite or smithsonite). The treatise "On miraculous rumors" (Περὶ θαυμάσιων ἀκουσμάτων), attributed to Aristotle in the Middle Ages, also reported that orichalcum was smelted from copper with the addition of a special earth from the shores of the Black Sea, which was called calmia. It is sometimes assumed that the Greek word ὀρείχαλκος had the Akkadian expression for "mountain copper" as its primary source, and the production of brass from zinc ore and copper was known as early as the 8th century BC in Mesopotamia. e.

In empire-era Rome, the Greek word orichalcum was misinterpreted and transformed into the Latin aurichalcum "brass of gold." This term began to be called brass. It is also sometimes used to denote the mineral of copper pyrite, or chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), which has a golden yellow color. Orichalcum is mentioned as a precious metal in Plautus's comedy "The Boastful Warrior", and the breastplate of Turnus in Virgil's "Aeneid" is made of gold and orichalcum. Already in Cicero, orichalcum is mentioned as a cheap metal: “If a person selling gold thinks that he is selling brass (orichalcum), then should an honest person indicate to him that it is gold, or can he buy for a denarius what is worth a thousand denarii ? " ("On duties" III, 23, 92, translation by V.O. Gorenstein). Pliny the Elder calls orichalcum the ore from which copper was mined, and considers it the best of copper ores, but reports that by the time of writing his book, the deposits of orichalcum have already been exhausted.

Later, the interpreters of ancient authors could not come to a common opinion. They were well aware of the tradition of calling cheap brass orichalcum (in the same sense the word ορείχαλκος is used in modern Greek). However, mentions of orichalcum as a very valuable metal, primarily by Plato, made one think that something else could be hidden under this word. Doubt was also sowed by the fact that Plato calls orichalcum not an alloy, but an independent metal extracted from the earth. Therefore, some even assumed that under this word previously hid not brass, but platinum. A version was also put forward that Greek seafarers reached South America, and they called an alloy used in the Chavin culture of 9% copper, 76% gold and 15% silver, used in the Chavin culture.

In 2014, traces of a shipwreck that occurred in the first half of the 6th century BC were discovered in the sea three hundred meters off the coast of Sicily, near the town of Gela. The ship was sailing to the city, then bearing the Greek name Gela (Γέλα), from Greece or Asia Minor. Underwater archaeologists have raised 39 metal ingots in particular.

Ingots from a sunken ship after cleaning

The found metal was subjected to X-ray fluorescence analysis and found that the alloy contains 75-80% copper, 15-20% zinc and trace amounts of nickel, lead and iron. Then the archaeologist Sebastiano Tusa, head of the department of marine archeology of Sicily, and came up with the assumption that it was the alloy of such a composition in the archaic period of Greek history was called orichalcum. In this case, the main hypothesis about the nutlet, according to which it was brass, turns out to be true.

Gela was a Greek colony founded around 688 - 689 BC. e. immigrants from Crete and Rhodes. A century after its inception, it has become a thriving city, the most influential on the island. Gela even had her own colony - Akragas (modern Agrigento, which we already had to talk about). Only after the immigrants from Gela - Gelon, and then his brother Hieron - began to rule in Syracuse and resettled part of the inhabitants of Gela there, the importance of the city fell and Syracuse became the most important city of Sicily. And in the VI century BC. e. Gela was rich, there was active construction and luxury goods were manufactured. For these purposes, apparently, metal in ingots was transported to the city by ship.

Searches on the seabed continue. In the last season, underwater archaeologists found another 47 copper-zinc alloy ingots, bringing the total to 86. An amphora from Massilia (present-day Marseille) and two Corinthian helmets in excellent condition were also found.

Hymns (c. 630 BC) the corresponding epithet is applied to the locks of Aphrodite.

Orichalcum in Plato

The most detailed description of orichalcum is given by Plato in the dialogue "Critias". According to Cretius, this substance was in use in Atlantis. " Most of what was needed for life was provided by the island itself, primarily any types of fossil solid and fusible metals, including what is now known only by name, but then existed in practice: native orichalcum, extracted from the bowels of the earth in various places on the island and its value was then second only to gold.»

In the following, Critias reports that “ the relationship of the Atlanteans to each other in the matter of government was arranged in accordance with Poseidon's prescriptions, as ordered by the law written by the first kings on an orichalcum stele, which stood at the center of the island - inside the temple of Poseidon". Besides, " the walls around the outer earthen ring of the citadel they fashioned around the entire circumference in copper, applying molten metal, the wall of the inner shaft was covered with tin casting, and the wall of the acropolis itself - with orichalcum emitting a fiery shine».

Orichalcum after Plato

Subsequently, vague ideas about orichalcum as an ancient substance accessible only to a select few were repeatedly used for their own purposes by esoteric societies and religious sects. For example, the brother of Joseph Smith, the founder of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, claimed that the gold plates (tablets) of Mormonism were made of an alloy of gold and copper. This topic was further developed in science fiction literature and in computer games.

Identity versions

Ancient greek word ὀρείχαλκος made up of stems of words όρος "Mountain" and χαλκός "Copper" and can be translated as "mountain copper". Latin authors mistakenly transliterated this word as aurichalcum, literally "gold copper". On the basis of this reading, the identification of orichalcum with various alloys of gold and copper has spread. In the Homeric hymns, the word "orichalcum" is usually translated as "yellow copper" or "jewelry made of yellow copper."

In popular literature, the point of view is widespread that orichalcum is native brass or aluminum. Meanwhile, the brass alloy itself was well known to the Greeks of the classical period and by no means "only by name", as Plato writes about the orichalcum, while the deposits of native brass were all exhausted during the period of classical Greece. Aluminum, on the other hand, was first obtained in the nineteenth century - although there are apocryphal legends about a bowl made of "incredibly light metal obtained from clay" once presented to the Emperor Tiberius as a gift. Comparisons of Plato's metal with chalcopyrite, jade, amber and other minerals and ornamental stones are hardly more reliable.

In numismatics orichalcum called bronze

Orichalcum is often found in books, films, and games set in fantasy universes. So, in the series of games The Elder Scrolls, orichalcum is used to make orc armor.

And in the game Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis, orichalcum plays a significant role. Here the orichalcum acts as a kind of fuel, with the help of which the ancient Atlanteans, being technologically very advanced, set in motion their many powerful and great machines and mechanisms. And the Nazis, with whom Indiana Jones competed in this race, intended to use orichalcum for military purposes: to build engines for tanks, trucks and airplanes, as well as to stuff them with bombs.