What is the capacity of the Balakovo nuclear power plant. Balakovo NPP: construction and development. Enterprise accidents

The fifth part of all nuclear power generation in Russia belongs to this nuclear power plant. For more than 30 years, four operating power units provide a capacity of 4,000 MW. This station generates almost 30 billion kilowatt hours of energy annually. This is Balakovskaya - one of the most powerful nuclear power plants in Russia.

Construction of Balakovo NPP

In the 1970s, in the Volga Federal District of Russia, the problem of power shortages arose. We solved this problem by launching the construction of a new nuclear power plant. Balakovo NPP on the map of the country's atomic energy became the 8th nuclear power plant in the territory of Soviet Russia.

Construction began by Saratovgesstroy in 1980 in the Saratov region, near the town of Balakovo, on the left bank of the Saratov reservoir. The emergence of BalNPP was supposed to become a new stage in the country's nuclear power industry, because the new nuclear power plant was equipped with the latest third-generation pressurized water reactors (VVER).

The Balakovo nuclear power plant was launched in December 1985, when the first nuclear power unit was put into operation.

Two years later, in 1987, the second power unit was connected.

In 1988, the third power unit of the Balakovo NPP was put into operation.

In the first year of operation, the Balakovo NPP generated more than 5 billion kilowatt hours of energy! Four years after launch, three working nuclear generators were already producing 19 billion kilowatt hours of energy per year. Since the 2000s, the production of 29 billion kilowatt hours of electricity has been considered the norm for this nuclear power plant.

For comparison, an ordinary 50-watt light bulb consumes 9 kilowatt hours of energy per month, provided that it burns 6 hours a day.

From 1984 to 1993, the builders erected the fourth power unit of the nuclear power plant.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW:

Despite the politically unstable situation in the country, it was launched in December 1993 and became one of the first new nuclear reactors on the territory of modern Russia.

The supplier of nuclear installations for the first 3 power units was the USSR Ministry of Medium Machine Building (Ministry of Medium Machine Building), the last nuclear reactor was already created in independent Russia by Rosatom enterprises (Federal Atomic Energy Agency).

Interesting facts about construction:

Balakovo NPP today

Today Balakovo nuclear power plant generates 25% of electricity in the Volga Federal District. The Balakovo NPP is connected to the unified energy system of Russia by five 220 KW transmission lines and five 500 KW transmission lines. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe territory on which the station is located is 4.8 sq. km.

It is interesting that the city of Balakovo with a population of 190 thousand people is one of two cities in Russia, on the territory of which there are hydroelectric power plants, nuclear power plants and thermal power plants.

In 2014, employees of the Balakovo NPP, together with specialists from the Krona research and production complex, developed software for the system for monitoring and diagnosing electronic devices. Balakovo nuclear power plant became the first in Russia to introduce innovative computer software. It is designed to minimize the influence of the human factor on the operation of the station.

Balakovo NPP is the largest electricity producer in Russia - over 30 billion kWh. annually, which is 1/5 of the output of all nuclear power plants in the country. Ranked 51st among the largest power plants of all types in the world. The first power unit of BalNPP was included in the Unified Energy System of the USSR in December 1985, the fourth unit in 1993 became the first to be commissioned in Russia after the collapse of the USSR.

1. Balakovo NPP is located on the left bank of the Saratov reservoir of the Volga River, 10 km northeast of the town of Balakovo, Saratov Region. approximately 900 km south-east of Moscow.

Technical water supply, which is extremely important for pressurized water power reactors, is carried out in a closed circuit using a cooling reservoir formed by cutting off the shallow part of the Saratov reservoir by dams.

2. Balakovo NPP operates 4 standard power units with a reactor plant, which includes a VVER-1000 reactor (Water-Water Power Reactor - 1000 megawatts of electrical power, thermal neutron vessel type with light water as a moderator and coolant) - this is the most common type of RU in the world, the foreign analogue bears the abbreviation PWR.

3. The scale of the power units can be estimated “from a helicopter”.

Each power unit consists of a turbine and a reactor compartment - forming a monoblock. Uninterruptible power supply to each power unit is provided by three independent Standby Diesel Power Stations of the ASD-5600 type (RDES - with a capacity of 5.6 megawatts).

4. The height of the upper mark of the power unit dome is 67.5 meters.

The hermetic shell is a localizing safety system and is designed to prevent the release of radioactive substances in severe accidents with a rupture of large pipelines in the primary circuit and to contain a high pressure and high temperature environment in the accident localization zone. It has a cylindrical shape and consists of prestressed reinforced concrete with a thickness of 1.2 meters.

5. You can get to the reactor compartment of the power unit only from the sanitary and amenity block of the special building along the transitional overpass. In the sanitary block there are sanitary checkpoints for access to the zone of ionizing radiation. Here the station personnel completely change into protective overalls. After leaving the sanitary inspection room into the Controlled Access Zone, the personnel go to the radiation control panel to the duty dosimetrists to receive individual dosimeters.

6. The inner door of the main airlock is at +36 meters.

When the reactor plant is operating at power, the containment is closed - it is under a slight discharge. To access the operating personnel inside, it is necessary to go through the airlock procedure. The main sluice is a complex device designed to provide passage to the inside of the gerom volume while maintaining the pressure difference between the pressurized volume and the outfitting of the reactor compartment.

7. The central hall in the containment of the 2nd power unit.

The hermetic shell is made in the form of a cylinder with an inner diameter of 45 meters and a height of 52 m, from 13.2 m above ground level, where its flat bottom is, to 66.35 m, where the top of its domed top is located.

8. The technological scheme of each block is double-circuit. The first circuit is radioactive; it includes a water-moderated power reactor with a thermal power of 3000 MW and four circulation cooling loops through which a coolant is pumped through the core using the main circulation pumps - water under a pressure of 16 MPa.

9. We go down to the reactor.

The Balakovo NPP uses an upgraded serial nuclear reactor VVER-1000 with pressurized water, which is designed to generate thermal energy due to the chain reaction of nuclear fission. The reactor power is controlled by changing the position in the core of clusters of rods with absorbing elements, steel tubes with boron carbide, as well as changing the concentration of boric acid in the primary circuit water.

10. Nuclear reactor.

The water temperature at the entrance to the reactor is 289 ° C, at the outlet - 320 ° C. The circulating water flow through the reactor is 84000 t / h.
The water heated in the reactor is directed through four pipelines to the steam generators.

11. The steam generator is a horizontal submerged heat exchanger designed to generate dry saturated steam with a capacity of 1470t / h. Water from the reactor enters the collector and is distributed inside into 11 thousand tubes. Passing through them, it gives off heat to the boiler water of the second circuit and goes out through a similar collecting manifold to the suction pipe of the main circulation pump (MCP). Thus, the steam generator is a boundary element between the first - radioactive circuit and the second - non-radioactive.

12. The second circuit is non-radioactive and consists of an evaporator and water supply unit, a modular desalination unit and a turbine unit with an electric power of 1000 MW. The primary coolant is cooled in steam generators, giving off heat to the secondary water.

Saturated steam produced in the steam generator, with a pressure of 6.4 MPa and a temperature of 280 ° C, is fed into a collecting steam line and directed to a turbine unit, which drives the generator into rotation.

13. A view into the depths of the box of the main circulation pump (MCP).

Forced circulation of the coolant is carried out due to the operation of four main circulation pumps GTsN-195M. Each of the MCPs at a speed of 1000 rpm. provides pumping through the reactor core 21,000 tons of water per hour.

14. Nuclear fuel wet transfer basin.

To maintain normal reactor operation, refueling is required. Refueling is carried out in parts, at the end of the reactor's boring campaign, a third of the fuel assemblies are unloaded and the same number of fresh assemblies are loaded into the core; for this purpose, there is a special refueling machine MPS-1000 in the containment. Nuclear fuel for the Balakovo NPP is produced by the Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrate Plant.

All operations with spent nuclear fuel (SNF) are performed remotely under a 3-meter layer of borated water. Spent fuel assemblies contain a large amount of uranium fission products. Nuclear fuel has the property of self-heating to high temperatures and is highly radioactive, therefore it is stored for 3-4 years in pools with a certain temperature regime under a layer of water that protects personnel from ionizing radiation. With aging, the radioactivity of the fuel and the power of its residual heat release decrease. Usually after 3 years, when the self-heating of the fuel assembly is reduced to 50-60 ° C, it is removed and sent for storage, disposal or processing.

15. Control panel for the MPS-1000 reloading machine.

One of the most effective ways to increase electricity generation is to increase the duration of the nuclear reactor campaign; work in this direction has been carried out at the Balakovo NPP for many years. With improvements in nuclear fuel design, a transition to an 18-month fuel cycle has become possible and is now being phased out. The bottom line is that refueling of fuel began to be carried out less often than once a year, with its full implementation, refueling will occur once 1.5 years, respectively, the reactor operates longer without interruptions, and its power generation increases.

Currently, BNPP is implementing campaigns with a planned duration of 420-480 eff. days, which is a decisive transition stage to the 18-month fuel cycle.

16. To measure the temperature and pressure of the coolant inside the reactor vessel, sensors are used, located in the neutron-measuring channels on the traverse of the reactor protective tubes block.

17. NDT inspectors carry out routine inspection of welded joints and base metal.

In total, about 3770 people work at the station, more than 60% of whom have higher or secondary vocational education.

18. Wrench for the main connector of the VVER-1000 reactor.

The use of a wrench ensures the sealing of the sealing unit by simultaneous and uniform drawing of the studs, reduces the time spent on sealing and loosening the main connector of the reactor, and reduces the labor costs of the operating personnel and, as a result, their dose loads.

19. For the normal functioning of the steam generator during its service life, it is necessary to control the heat exchange surface of the pipes from deposits.

20. To control the state of the metal at the Balakovo NPP, the eddy current control method (VTC) is used.

21. Polar crane under the dome of the containment.

During decompression and leaks of the primary circuit, water evaporates, which is accompanied by an increase in pressure under the dome of the containment volume. Cold water is sprayed into it to reduce the steam pressure.

22. Measurement of contamination of workwear in the sanitary lock.

Special posts for additional dosimetric control and sanitization - sanitary locks - have been organized in the premises of the outbuilding of the reactor department. Personnel leaving the area of \u200b\u200bwork or the location of technological equipment undergoes mandatory dosimetric control and, if necessary, washing and processing clothes and skin to prevent the spread of radioactive contamination to cleaner premises of the permanent residence of the personnel.

23. Block control panel.

The personnel conducts the entire technological process (controls the equipment and controls the operation of the automation) from the control room (MCR).

24. The control room is conventionally divided into three areas of responsibility. The first zone is under the direct operational control of the unit shift supervisor and includes power supply systems and safety system panels, the second zone is under the operational control of the lead reactor control engineer - it controls the operation of the reactor, the main equipment of the primary circuit and the technological systems of the reactor compartment. The third zone is run by the lead turbine control engineer.

25. Lead engineer for turbine control of one of the power units.

26. Over 19,000 parameters are monitored at the control room of one power unit.

27. All steam generated by the four steam generators of the power unit is combined and fed to the turbine.

28. Machine room with a turbine generator.

Condensing steam turbine, single-shaft, four-cylinder (one high-pressure cylinder, three - low-pressure).
Rated power 1000MW, rotation frequency 1500 rpm.

29. The high pressure cylinder (HPC) is designed to operate the "live" steam coming from the main steam header.

30. The initial pressure in the body is 60 atmospheres, the steam temperature is 274 degrees.
On the same shaft with the turbine, there is a TVV-1000 generator with a generated voltage of 24,000 volts.

31. Senior machinist bypassing the turbine.

33. Electricity delivery.

The electrical equipment of nuclear power plants as a whole differs little from the equipment of thermal power plants, with the exception of increased requirements for reliability.

34. The power output of the Balakovo NPP is carried out through the busbars of the outdoor switchgear-220/500 kV to the unified power system of the Middle Volga.

35. These buses are nodal in the power system and connect the Saratov power system with Ulyanovsk, Samara, Volgograd and Ural.

36. Cooling pond with an area of \u200b\u200b24.1 km² is a source of circulating water supply for the NPP.

37. Here live grass carp and silver carp, which are necessary for natural biological purification and maintenance of the water quality of the cooling pond.

38. Water from the cooler flows through open supply channels to four block pumping stations (BPS) located on its shore. These pumping stations provide non-responsible consumers with technical water.

39. For technical water supply to responsible consumers (equipment, including emergency equipment, a break in the water supply of which is not allowed in any operating modes), a special closed circulating system is used, which includes spray pools.

40. Water is cooled by spraying, which increases the heat transfer area.

41. Chemical water treatment.

On the chemical water treatment panel there are control devices and controls for elements that ensure the processes of water purification and demineralization, dosing of reagents during water treatment, etc.

42. The analytical laboratory is designed to ensure high reliability in carrying out chemical analysis, for processing and accumulating databases on the chemical modes of operation of power units.

43. The laboratory is equipped with ion chromatographs, X-ray crystal diffraction spectrometer, moisture titrator, optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma, etc.

44. The construction of the second stage of the station is being discussed, consisting of the fifth and sixth power units of the same design as those already operating at the station.

I would like to thank the press service of Balakovo NPP for their help in creating the report!

Taken from gelio at Balakovo NPP - the most powerful NPP in Russia

Click on the button to subscribe to "How It's Done"!

If you have a production or service that you want to tell our readers about, write to Aslan ( [email protected] ) and we will make the best report that will be seen not only by the readers of the community, but also by the site How is it done

Subscribe also to our groups in facebook, vkontakte, classmates and in google + pluswhere the most interesting from the community will be posted, plus materials that are not here and videos on how things work in our world.

Click on the icon and subscribe!

Address: 413800 Saratov region, Balakovo-26, Balakovo NPP.
Email: [email protected]
Phone: (845 70) 20091, 23793 Fax: (845 70) 26209

Balakovo nuclear power plant is one of the largest nuclear power plants in Russia. It is located on the left bank of the Saratov reservoir of the Volga River at a distance of 900 km south-east of Moscow. The first stage of the NPP operates four unified power units with a total electrical installed capacity of 4000 MW. They were built according to the most modern designs - pressurized water reactors of the VVER type, and these are the ones installed at the station that operate reliably all over the world.

The history of the Balakovo NPP goes back to the 70s, when work began in the Volga region to select a site for the construction of a future powerful nuclear power plant capable of covering the electricity shortage in the region. Start of construction - October 28, 1977.

The start-up of the first power unit took place on December 28, 1985, in 1987 the second power unit produced the first kilowatt-hours of electricity in 1988 - the third, the fourth entered service in 1993. Balakovo NPP is a state-owned enterprise, part of the Rosenergoatom concern of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Atomic Energy, it works reliably and stably, improving all the main indicators every year. The enterprise produces the cheapest electricity among nuclear and thermal power plants of the Russian Federation. In 2000, the NPP generated more than 27.5 billion kWh. electricity - the highest in the country among energy producers. Ten regions and autonomous republics of Russia are connected with it by power lines. It provides reliable and stable power supply to consumers in the Volga region, Center, Urals and Siberia.

The key performance indicators of NPP operational reliability, as defined by national and international norms and regulations, are consistently high. Balakovo NPP is one of the ten most radiation-friendly nuclear power plants in the world. The quality system, created at the enterprise in recent years, is an effective means of ensuring the required level of safety and reliability of nuclear power plants with high economic indicators.

In 1999 and 2000, Balakovo NPP was recognized as the "Best Power Plant in Russia". The station has received such a high rank before.

Among the large enterprises of the Saratov region, the Balakovo nuclear power plant is one of the most environmentally friendly. At the NPP and in the area of \u200b\u200bits location, constant monitoring of the impact of the technological process on the environment is carried out. It is carried out by the state supervision authorities and the radiation safety department of the Balakovo NPP. The observation area covers an area with a radius of 30 km. The data of long-term measurements allow us to conclude that the operation of the NPP does not have a negative impact on the environment. The uncontrolled impact on the environment of harmful substances generated as a result of the production process was excluded by the project and the achieved high level of operation. The radiation situation in the city of Balakovo and in the area of \u200b\u200bthe NPP is characterized by values \u200b\u200bfrom 8 to 15 micro-roentgens / hour, which corresponds to the level of natural background values \u200b\u200btypical for the European part of the country, and to the level that was here before the construction of the plant.

At Balakovo NPP, particular importance is attached to the human factor as the most important component of safety. The high safety culture of Balakovo nuclear workers has been repeatedly noted by experts from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Association of Nuclear Power Plant Operators (WANO). In terms of educational level, the station personnel occupies a leading place among the largest enterprises in the region. Almost 30 percent of the four and a half thousand people employed in basic production have a higher education, and a quarter - a secondary specialized education. Continuous professional development of personnel is one of the main tasks of the plant management, closely related to the issues of safety and reliable operation of the nuclear power plant.

The enterprise has its own personnel training center (CPP), equipped with the most modern training equipment, including a unique set of simulators. On a full-scale simulator - a complete analogue of a real power reactor control panel (MCR) - emergency situations in the operation of a power unit, equipment failures are simulated and reproduced in conditions as close as possible to real ones. The functional analytical simulator allows you to visually study the processes occurring inside the reactor. The simulators significantly increased the professional level of the control room personnel, their psychological stability and, as a result, significantly reduced the likelihood of mistakes when performing daily work. All other categories of the station employees undergo retraining on a regular basis at the CPP.

International experience is widely used to improve safety and quality of operation at Balakovo NPP. The station takes an active part in WANO programs, cooperates with foreign nuclear power plants and companies. For more than 10 years, bilateral partnerships with Biblis NPP (Germany) and Paluel NPP (France) have been successfully and dynamically developing, aimed at solving specific production problems.

The current appearance of Balakov - a modern and beautiful city - cannot be imagined without residential neighborhoods, educational, cultural and sports institutions built under the title of nuclear power plant.

The successful operation of the station allows it to make a great contribution to solving social problems of the Saratov region and, first of all, of the Balakovo municipal formation. In the form of taxes, the city and the region receive considerable funds to replenish their budget. For example, for 9 months of 2001, 92 million rubles were transferred to the city budget, and 107 million rubles to the regional budget. During the same time, the Pension Fund received 84 million rubles from the station. Every third ruble in pensions of Balakovo residents is a ruble received from the nuclear power plant! The enterprise makes contributions to a special off-budget investment fund, the funds of which go to the social development of the 30-kilometer zone around the nuclear power plant. This is tens of millions of rubles annually. With the help of the fund, the following were built: a railway station, which became a decoration of the city; a booster pumping station on the bank of the navigable canal, which has radically solved the problem of cold water supply for apartments on the upper floors of houses in new neighborhoods; therapeutic building for 240 beds; recruiting station; water stadium and much more.

The station plays a significant role in the cultural and sports life of the city. The sports and recreation center "Sportex" of the Balakovo NPP has long been a sports center for Balakov. In amateur art groups, studios and sports sections of the "Dialogue" leisure center, "Display", "Elektronik" children's clubs of the trade union committee of the enterprise, hundreds of adults and young people from Balakovo are engaged.

Creative teams and athletes of the Balakovo NPP have more than once adequately represented the city at regional and Russian contests and competitions. The women's volleyball team of the super league Balakovo NPP, which won the Russian Cup, achieved great success.

The children's health camp "Lazurniy" was repeatedly noted for the good organization of children's recreation by the administrations of the region and the city.

The nuclear power plant takes part in all city events, has long been engaged in charitable activities.

The NPP's public information center, located in the 7th microdistrict, is one of the attractions of Balakov - it is visited with interest by delegations and guests coming to the city.

In a word, the nuclear power plant does not stand aside from city life, but actively participates in it. It cannot be otherwise: the atomic lobbyists are residents of Balakov and want the city problems to be successfully solved. So that every year the city becomes better and more beautiful.

Balakovo nuclear power plant is the energy heart of the Volga region. The entire increase in electricity production in the region last year was due to nuclear power plants. For 9 months of 2001, the station has already produced 19.35 billion kWh of electricity. Balakovo NPP is not only light in homes and working machines at enterprises. NPP is one of those large industrial enterprises that form the economic basis of the state. In the form of taxes alone, the station transferred 230 million rubles to the federal budget for 9 months of this year. And these are salaries for teachers, doctors, other categories of public sector workers, the solution of other social problems, even where they have not heard of the Balakovo NPP. But it is a nuclear power plant of the XXI century. And it can still do a lot for the beginning of the new millennium to be included in history textbooks as a time of rapid and dynamic growth of the Russian economy.

Materials used: - Kamalutdinov R. Balakovo NPP: yesterday, today, tomorrow // Business Saratov. 2001. No10 - Sergeeva M. Balakovo nuclear power plant: stability, reliability, high technologies // Business. 1998. No. 7.

Balakovo NPP location: Russia, Saratov region, the city of Balakovo - nuclear power plant world map ,

Status: Operating nuclear power plants , Operating NPPs in Russia

Balakovo NPP is the most powerful nuclear power plant in Russia

Balakovo NPP (also known as Saratov NPP) is located 8 kilometers from the city of Balakovo in the Saratov Region of Russia on the left bank of the Saratov Reservoir and 150 kilometers from the city of Saratov. Accurate balakovo NPP address - 413866, Russian Federation, Saratov region, the city of Balakovo, the village of Balakovo-26, the territory of the Balakovo NPP. Balakovo NPP is the largest nuclear power plant in Russia in terms of electricity generation - more than 30 billion kWh per year, which is one fifth of the electricity generated by all nuclear power plants in Russia.

The construction of the station began in 1977, and in 1985 the first power unit was put into operation. In total, the station has four operating power units and two, the construction of which was frozen in 1992. At that time, the fifth power unit was 60% ready, the sixth - 15%. Total four reactors VVER-1000 give the total capacity of the nuclear power plant in Balakovo 4,000 MW. The fourth power unit of the Balakovo NPP was the first to be commissioned in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It was launched in 1993.

In the same 1993, a referendum was held among residents of the city of Balakovo to resume the construction of the fifth and sixth power units - 72.8% of the city's residents were against. Although the station's management is doing its utmost to promote the trend towards environmental friendliness. The area around the nuclear power plant is planted with sunflowers, and various agricultural fairs are held in the city, for example, “Honey Evenings” with tasting new types of honey (see) on the eve of the honey salvation.

Now more than 3.5 thousand people work at the station.

At the end of the last century, it was planned to begin work at the station to prepare for the use of MOX fuel using weapons-grade plutonium, but the issue was never resolved for financial reasons.

The idea of \u200b\u200bexpanding the station and resuming the construction of two more power units regularly surfaced in the early 2000s - it was planned to build one of the world's largest aluminum processing plants here - but after the 2008 crisis, it was decided to abandon the expansion once again.

Balakovo NPP was awarded the title of "Best NPP in Russia" eleven times in the period from 1995 to 2012.