Diarrhea after medication. Diarrhea after ginipral dropper What drip with diarrhea in the department

In the article you will find 5 tips, using which, in some cases, you can get rid of diarrhea completely. And also, you will understand why these measures are so effective. The main thing is not to waste time. The sooner you take action, the better the result will be. It is not a panacea for any type of diarrhea, because diarrhea is a symptom or sign that is characteristic of various pathological conditions. And since the causes of diarrhea are different, then the main treatment will be different. These tips are the first, main help.

With functional disorders of digestion, for example, they ate something wrong, overeat, these measures may be enough. But with intestinal infections, dysbiosis, acetonemic conditions, etc., you cannot do without qualified help. In each case, an individual approach of a competent doctor is required.

Some patients themselves are literate "doctors", because from personal experience we were convinced of the effectiveness of certain measures. The advice of friends and acquaintances is especially popular:

“Have you tried Levu? This is the best remedy! Always helps me! Do you know who Leva is? Yes, it's chloramphenicol! "

“After a bottle of Coca-Cola, the guarantee is one hundred percent! Combine business with pleasure! "

Be that as it may, the choice is yours!

1. Prevention of dehydration.

A plentiful drink is used, the so-called "drip through the mouth" by me. With diarrhea, water and electrolytes are lost with stool, which can lead to dehydration, and with large losses and in the absence of timely fluid replenishment, coma (especially in children). It is best to use saline solutions: rehydron, orolith, gastrolit, orsol; colloidal solution of minerals or prepare your own drinking solution for 1 liter of water: 1-2 tbsp. lies. sugar, 1/2 tsp. salt (table or sea), 1/2 tsp. soda.

If the child does not want to drink saline solutions, he wants to give everything to drink (water, tea, compote ...). The main thing is to DRINK! From a cup, from a spoon, through a straw, a straw, with fairy tales, "for mom", "for dad" ... You know how to do it, especially when you are persistent and really want it. On average, the amount of fluid to replenish with diarrhea is 30-50 ml / kg (with severe dehydration up to 100 ml / kg) for 4-6 hours, followed by the introduction of 10 ml / kg after each episode of stool. Ideally, it is better to drink fractionally, every 5-10 minutes or more. When it comes to children, you may not be ideal. The main thing is that at least something works out.

Eating is not important, and maybe even harmful! Especially if you don't want to. A good effect is given by the "water-tea break", when only drinking is used for 6-12-18 hours. Everyone can determine this interval for himself or for his child, focusing on appetite. If you want to eat, the pause ends. After such a pause, kefir, jelly, concentrated rice water, liquid porridge are introduced. Then vegetable puree, broth, mashed meat dishes, juices, baked apple.

Children under 1-1.5 years of age after a "water-tea break" are fed fractionally every 2 hours with 10-20 ml of mother's milk or acidified formula appropriate for age, at night you can take a break for 4 hours or more if the child does not wake up. Gradually add 5-10 ml for each feeding, bringing the volume to 50 ml per feeding. After this, they switch to 8, and then to 7 times feeding regime with a gradual expansion of the volume to the norm.

If the cause of diarrhea is elevated acetone, then as a drink it is better to use solutions containing glucose, as well as alkaline waters such as "Borjomi" or "Polyana kvassova".

2. Cleansing enema.

Water flowing out during diarrhea removes from the body not only useful (electrolytes), but also those harmful components (toxins, viruses, bacteria, etc.), which led to this problem by concentrating in the intestines. With the help of diarrhea, the body tries to neutralize itself. Using an enema, we will help the body remove what it did not have enough of its own water for, what is still left on the intestinal walls and can be absorbed again, exacerbating the problem.

For a cleansing enema, pure water, decoctions of herbs (chamomile, oak bark, sage, alder fruits) at room temperature or slightly cool (warm ones are quickly absorbed) are used. The volume of fluid administered in an enema: 1-2 months \u003d 30-40 ml, 2-4 months \u003d 60 ml, 6-9 months \u003d 100-120 ml, 9-12 months \u003d 200 ml, 2-5 years \u003d 300 ml, 6-10 years \u003d 400-500 ml, over 10 years \u003d more than 500 ml, adults \u003d 750 ml - 2 liters.

Setting 2 enemas in a row is more effective than one. Sometimes more is required - until relatively clean water is obtained. The positive effect of such an enema also lies in the fact that partial absorption of water and a decrease in elevated body temperature can occur.

If there is blood in the stool, enemas are CONTRAINDICATED!

3. Sorbents.

Sorbents are substances that bind harmful components remaining in the upper intestine. A cleansing enema is not available there. They also help to strengthen the stool. There is a huge variety of sorbents, from the simplest and most common to the more complex ones. These include: activated carbon, white coal, atoxil, smecta, phosphalugel, enterosgel, loklo, etc. I prefer enterosgel and loklo. Small children drink enterosgel reluctantly, and I do not recommend using loclo until 6 months. It is better for such children to give smecta or phosphalugel.

4. Probiotics.

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms. without which the normal functioning of the intestine and the whole organism is impossible. A healthy intestine contains from 400 to 500 different types of such microbes, and this composition is individual for each, like a fingerprint and, at the same time, is not strictly constant. This topic is too broad, it is important to understand one thing. With diarrhea, this composition changes dramatically, there are few useful microbes, many harmful ones. With the help of enemas and sorbents, we got rid of harmful microbes and intestinal toxins, and probiotics will help to repopulate the intestines with beneficial microbes.

In order for probiotics in the intestines to multiply, to be strong and viable, they need "food". This "food" is called prebiotics. Prebiotics include fructooligosaccharides, plant fiber. Many manufacturers produce pro- and prebiotics as a “sweet couple”. So read the annotations carefully.

By the way, loclo is also a good nutritional support for beneficial bacteria. I often recommend to my patients such products as linex, bifiform, symbiter, bifidophilus flora force, bifidosaurics. Well, the smallest are drip forms: biogaya, bifiform baby, prima. If a child is bottle-fed, it is good to use formulas containing probiotics (Nan 1, Nan 2) or prebiotics (Nutrilon Comfort).

5. Enzymes.

With diarrhea, the intestinal wall suffers and does not produce enough intestinal juices to digest and absorb food. Sometimes organs such as the liver and pancreas, which are mainly involved in the digestion of food, do not cope with their function. Therefore, in case of diarrhea during meals, it is necessary to take digestive enzymes such as food enzyme, protease, pancreatin, Creon, mezim, festal, etc. As for pharmacy products, the main thing is not to take a fake. They are sometimes found among enzymes.

After the main measures have been taken, analyze what happened in the last day and find out the cause of the disorders that have arisen. Your further actions will depend on the established reason.

With diarrhea, regardless of whether there is a result from the above measures or not, it is advisable to see a doctor. Time can cost lives, especially for the smallest and oldest!

Preventive measures.

1. Wash your hands before eating.

2. Wash "food" before eating.

3. Keep track of the terms and conditions of food storage.

4. Be careful when buying dairy and fish products from the spontaneous market. Some of them do not pass the inspection of the sanitary-epidemiological services and can be dangerous.

5. Be careful when swimming in bodies of water to avoid accidental ingestion of water.

6. People with problems of the gastrointestinal tract (gastritis, colitis, etc.), at least twice a year, it is advisable to drink chlorophyll, loclo and probiotics. This will help restore the protective barrier on the gastric and intestinal mucosa. Unfavorable ecology, the use of pesticides, hormones and antibiotics in the production of certain food products, as well as the widespread use of medicines that irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa (pain relievers, antipyretics, etc.) and antibiotics, increase the importance of these products for healthy people in the gastrointestinal tract.

Diarrhea is usually treatable with home care. In some cases, more severe diarrhea requires the patient to call an ambulance or go to the nearest hospital emergency department in the following situations:

• if the person has diarrhea along with high fever, moderate to severe abdominal pain, or dehydration that cannot be controlled;
• if there is blood in the diarrhea (may be bright red or may look like black, thick tar); or
• if the person is sleepy and not acting normally (others may notice this and take the person to the emergency room).

Consult a healthcare professional if a person does not know how to cure diarrhea and has any of these complications:

• vomiting and inability to tolerate any food or drink;
• signs of dehydration;
• high fever, significant abdominal pain, frequent loose stools, or bloody diarrhea;
• if the person with diarrhea is old or has serious underlying medical problems, especially diabetes, heart, kidney or liver problems, or HIV;
• a parent or caregiver needs advice on how to prevent dehydration in newborns and babies;
• symptoms do not improve within two to three days, or seem to get worse; or
• if diarrhea develops after traveling within your home country or abroad.

Diarrhea: diagnosis

Acute diarrhea can be treated at home. Bloating and diarrhea usually calm down in two to three days, without specific medical treatment.

Diarrhea: Home Care and Remedies

Diarrhea: Treatment in Adults

• Adults should drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
• Replenishing water loss (due to diarrhea) is important. Avoid milk, as milk can worsen diarrhea. Sports drinks (such as Gatorade or Powerade) can be helpful because they replenish the body's electrolytes in addition to providing hydration.
• If the victim is able to eat, fatty foods should be avoided. Adults, children, toddlers should follow the BRAT diet (bananas, rice, applesauce and toast). BROTHER Diet (Diarrhea Diet) is a combination of foods used for decades to treat diarrhea. If the diarrhea is accompanied by nausea in the early stages, the person can suck on the hard candy until the nausea stops. After the diarrhea subsides, avoid alcoholic beverages and spicy foods for two days.
• People should continue with their normal activities if they are mildly ill with diarrhea, however, strenuous exercise should be avoided, as exercise and sports increase the risk of dehydration.
• Pregnant women with diarrhea should make sure to stay hydrated, so they should consult their doctor.

Diarrhea: Treatment in Children

Dehydration in children and toddlers can be a big concern.

• Infants and toddlers pose particular problems with diarrhea due to their increased risk of dehydration. Parents should offer them a bottle of water as often as possible. Solutions like Pedialyte can be more attractive than water. These fluids contain essential electrolytes that are lost through diarrhea. Never use saline tablets as they can worsen diarrhea.
• Children with frequent bowel movements, fever, or vomiting should stay at home and avoid going to school or daycare until these symptoms resolve. This allows the child to rest and recover from diarrhea, and also protects other children from potential infection.
• As mentioned earlier, newborns, infants and children should be encouraged to follow the BRAT diarrhea diet (bananas, rice, applesauce and toast). The BROTHER diet (diarrhea diet) is a combination of foods used for decades to treat diarrhea.

Diarrhea: Treatment

To replace fluids if a patient is dehydrated and unable to eat or drink, health care professionals often begin intravenous interventions. This decision often leads to quick relief of the patient's condition.

Antibiotics

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Antibiotics are not effective for treating viral diarrhea. Even more severe diarrhea caused by bacteria usually goes away within a few days without antibiotics. Antibiotics even make some cases of bacterial diarrhea worse, especially those caused by the bacillus E coli (a common source of food poisoning).

Your doctor may recommend a variety of antidiarrheal medications. These drugs, such as loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, etc.), may help some people with diarrhea, but other drugs should be avoided at the same time. Antidiarrheal medications are generally not recommended for infants and children with diarrhea.

Hospitalization for diarrhea

If a person has severe diarrhea, especially when accompanied by dehydration, the person may need to be hospitalized to receive an IV.

Diarrhea medicines

• The use of anti-motility drugs, although controversial, does provide relief from diarrhea. These drugs slow down bowel movement. Such drugs include loperamide (Imodium) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol, Kaopectate, etc.). These anti-motility drugs are not recommended for infants and children under 5 years of age.
• Otherwise, for healthy adults who do not have severe diarrhea, loperamide is likely to be safe and effective in reducing daily bowel movements and the overall duration of diarrhea.
• Bismuth salicylate is also beneficial and may be more effective than loperamide when vomiting accompanies diarrhea.
• Adults with other serious medical problems and those with severe diarrhea (high fever, abdominal pain, or bloody stools) should seek medical advice before using medication.
• Many solutions are available to prevent salt deficiency in the body for diarrhea.
• Oral electrolytes are available at all pharmacies (Pedialyte, Rehydralyte, Naturalyte).

Follow the directions on the labels, which may tell you to take 1 teaspoon every 15 minutes. If the child is still at the initial dose, the dose is increased to 1 tablespoon every 15 minutes until the diarrhea stops.

Diarrhea: Natural Remedies

Some plant leaves contain tannins, which are considered a remedy for diarrhea. The simplest blackberries, blueberries, and raspberries in tea can help stop diarrhea. Don't eat fresh blueberries because they can make your diarrhea worse. Pregnant women should avoid high doses of tannin. Chamomile tea can also act as a remedy for diarrhea.

NOTE: If diarrhea remedies are used, including homeopathy, herbs, dietary supplements, acupressure, aromatherapy, and other alternative or complementary therapies, please be aware that these products and methods are not officially, scientifically recognized for the treatment or prevention of disease. But their interactions with medications can help relieve diarrhea. Inform your doctor about each drug and vitamin before taking any drug or remedy. It is recommended that you keep a list of all medications you take in your wallet or purse in case of an emergency.

Diarrhea: Follow-up

• Stay hydrated. Follow the advice of a healthcare professional.
• See your doctor again if diarrhea worsens, a high fever, abdominal pain, or bloody stools develop.

Prevention of diarrhea

Many cases of diarrhea are spread from person to person. The following measures can help prevent diarrhea, viral or bacterial infection:

• Caregivers of sick children or adults in any setting should thoroughly wash their hands after changing diapers, helping with a bath, or helping around the house.
• To prevent a child's diarrhea from persistent, children should be instructed to wash their hands frequently, especially after using the toilet.
• Safe food handling practice. Always wash your hands before and after cooking.
• Be careful when cooking raw poultry or meat. Food must be cooked at the recommended temperatures. Avoid raw or rare meat and poultry. Dishes that come in contact with raw food should be cleaned with soap and hot water.
• Raw fruits and vegetables should only be eaten thoroughly with clean water.
• Unpasteurized (raw) milk can be contaminated with bacteria and should be completely eliminated from the diet. Unpasteurized fruit juice should be avoided because the fruit may come in contact with contaminated animal faeces in the garden.

Diarrhea: Treatment Prognosis

• The effects of diarrhea should improve two to three days after onset. Loose stools may last longer than other symptoms.
• Serious illnesses are commonly seen in people who are severely dehydrated, especially infants, the elderly, or other people with significant medical conditions.

The most cheerful person, suffering from diarrhea and stomach pains, will think about the fact that not everything is so good around. The discomfort from such a disorder can be so strong that it is difficult to believe that it is immortal. What do you need to know about diarrhea and stomach pain? What are they caused by? And most importantly, how to get rid of them?

Causes of diarrhea and stomach pain

Diarrhea occurs as a consequence of a malfunction in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Often this is how the body's need to cleanse itself of mucus, putrefaction products, toxic substances and other accumulated "nasty things" expresses itself. Diarrhea is observed with alcohol and food poisoning, menstruation, and pregnancy. In all these conditions, loose stools help the body return to normal faster.

But sometimes diarrhea and stomach pains are the result of an imbalance in putrefactive and fermentative processes. In this case, symptoms appear:

• rumbling in the stomach;
• bloating;
• painful sensations in the stomach;
• sour smell;
• feces of a frothy character.

Severe cutting pain may indicate mucosal inflammation. At this time, secretory activity is significantly activated, mucus is secreted in excessive quantities, and the level of absorption of nutrients decreases. These processes are often accompanied by diarrhea.

Prevention of intestinal disorders

It is quite easy to avoid diarrhea if you follow these tips:

• do not drink raw water, even if it is taken from "clean" springs or holy springs;
• be sure to check the expiration date of meat and dairy products;
• do not buy ready-made salads in supermarkets and street fast food, especially in the summer;
• always wash eaten vegetables, fruits and herbs under running water;
• do not ignore the need for heat treatment of products;
• do not eat in cafes and restaurants that are not famous for being too clean;
• wash hands thoroughly before eating or wipe them with antibacterial damp wipes.

If preventive methods have not worked, and the diarrhea is accompanied by severe pain, an urgent need to go to the hospital. In this case, self-medication is strictly contraindicated. After consulting a doctor, you need to adhere to the chosen type of treatment. At the same time, you should drink more water, follow a diet, and you can also try one of the safe folk remedies.

Stomach hurts and diarrhea. How to deal with stomach pain and diarrhea with mucus

You should not "play" with your health when you experience such symptoms:

• fever;
• high temperature;
• heaviness and sharp pain in the abdomen;
• diarrhea with mucus;
• vomiting.

These signs indicate the presence of some kind of disease. Perhaps this is intestinal poisoning. You should get medical help as soon as possible. It is not recommended to self-medicate without passing all the tests and without having been examined by a doctor. The only thing is that before the arrival of the brigade, you can alleviate your condition with the help of a decoction of mint or blueberries, as well as a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

As a rule, with such symptoms, the patient is prescribed antibiotics, enemas, restorative droppers with glucose and various special solutions.

Pain near the navel: what causes

Such painful sensations are usually a symptom of one of the following diseases.

Appendicitis
You can recognize appendicitis by a rise in temperature and severe pain. Sometimes painful sensations appear near the navel due to the fact that the appendix rests against the loops of the small intestine.

Intestinal hernia
It can be provoked by various disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: dysbiosis, diarrhea, constipation. Soreness near the navel in this case is caused by the clamping of the intestinal muscles. The degree of pain depends on the strength of the spasm.

Umbilical hernia
This hernia provokes pain in the center of the abdomen. It mainly occurs in young children and women who have recently given birth. This is explained by the weakness of the abdominal muscles.

Intervertebral hernia
Conductors of nerve impulses "live" in the spine. Its vertebrae are connected by intervertebral discs, which serve as shock absorbers during movement, in particular when walking. Due to various injuries or age-related changes, the walls of the intervertebral discs can become thinner and rupture, as a result of forming a hernia. What does all this have to do with navel pain? In the lumbar region, there are nerves that provide sensitivity to the abdominal cavity. And if the violation occurs here, then the person very clearly feels pain near the navel.

Leaving kidney stones
A similar nuisance can happen to both an adult and a small child. Because of this pathology, there is pressure on the walls of the ureters and bile ducts. As a result, a person feels pain in the navel area.
All these diseases require a mandatory visit to the hospital. In addition, pain in the center of the abdomen can occur due to volvulus or other abnormalities in bowel function.

Navel pain in children: how to react

Any parent will be frightened by the child's complaints about pain near the navel. You cannot ignore this symptom: it can report both the presence of worms and a serious illness that requires immediate treatment.

First, you need to check with the child about the nature of the pain. It can be aching, harsh, or dull. It is also important to find out its location. Your doctor will need this information to diagnose and determine treatment options.
It is recommended to call an ambulance. There is no need to wait until tomorrow, hoping that the pain will go away on its own: such a risk does not justify itself.

While waiting for doctors, you can relieve the suffering of your child with pain relievers. Then, you need to lay him on his back with bent legs and a firm pillow under his head. This position of the body will help to relax the muscles and relieve spasms. On this, self-medication should be limited. Further actions should be advised by a doctor.

Abdominal pain and diarrhea cannot be ignored. Such delicate symptoms, which even a doctor do not always want to disclose, can indicate significant disorders in the body. Therefore, with prolonged diarrhea and severe painful sensations, you cannot postpone a trip to the hospital. Health to you!

IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

Foodborne toxicoinfection is caused by the action of a toxin that releases a pathogenic pathogen when it enters the body. Poisoning with low-quality products leads to dehydration of the body of varying severity. A dropper in case of food poisoning normalizes the water and electrolyte balance, increases the volume of urine, thereby accelerating the elimination of toxins from the body, restores the level of blood acidity.

Indications for setting a dropper are repeated vomiting and profuse diarrhea, voluntary or forced refusal to take fluids, acidosis (increased acidity), violation of the quantitative ratio of sodium, chlorine, potassium ions.

Absolute contraindications for a dropper - acute heart failure (cardiac asthma, cardiogenic shock), anuria (lack of urine), pulmonary edema.

Dropper functions in case of poisoning

The system allows you to drop or jet into the bloodstream pharmacological drugs or biological fluids.

The goals of setting a dropper for food poisoning:

1. Replenishment of lost fluid.
2. Restoration of the volume of circulating blood.
3. Providing full microcirculation.
4. Stabilization of the oxygen and transport function of the blood.
5. Regulation of plasma concentration in the blood.
6. Prevention of blood thickening.

A dropper in case of intoxication of the body, depending on its chemical composition, performs different functions. It is basic, it meets the physiological needs of a person for water and electrolytes (salts). Also a dropper can correct changes in homeostasis indicators - the constancy of the internal environment of the body:

• restoration of protein balance;
• replenishment of micronutrient deficiencies;
• normalization of the concentration of water spaces.

The main groups of solutions for a dropper

Intravenous drugs are divided into two main groups.

The first group - solutions of salts (electrolytes) and sugars (glucose). They are:

• isotonic;
• hypertensive;
• hypotonic.

Sugar solutions are the main source of water for the body... They are prescribed for hydration therapy - fluid recovery during dehydration of the body. They correct the deficiency of free water (salt-free). The minimum physiological daily requirement is 1200 ml. In case of poisoning with severe dehydration, this figure increases.

Electrolyte solutions replace salt losses... They are placed with a large loss of intercellular fluid.

1. Isotonic sodium chloride solution 0.9% (saline). It enhances diuresis, is a source of sodium and chlorine for the body. Increases the volume of circulating blood, but for a short time, as it is quickly excreted from the blood. Therefore, the medicine for shock or blood loss is less effective; it is prescribed in order to cleanse the body of toxins.
2. Ringer's solution. It is a saline solution that contains several components. Used for dehydration, with acidosis with a large loss of fluid.
3. Glucose solutions. It is a universal anti-toxic agent. It is a source of parenteral (intravenous) nutrition.
4. Trisol or disol - normalize electrolyte balance, regulate blood composition.

The second group - solutions containing high molecular weight substances. They retain fluid in the vascular system, restore plasma metabolism, which is why they are called plasma substitutes. With large fluid loss or blood loss, these drugs quickly increase blood flow to the heart, restore heart filling, and stabilize blood pressure. They are used as a source of parenteral nutrition when physiological feeding is impossible, since they contain amino acids, glucose, lipids.

Preparations:

1. Hemodez, this water-saline solution is used for severe intoxication caused by intestinal bacteria in liver diseases. Possesses plasma-substituting and antitoxic effect.
2. Polyglyukin - anti-shock plasma-replacing drug, used for blood loss and intoxication. Replenishes blood volume, prevents blood elements from sticking together.
3. Reopolyglyukin is a plasma substitute. Improves capillary blood flow and microcirculation.
4. Reogluman is a blood substitute. Reduces blood viscosity, inhibits the adhesion of blood cells, removes toxins. It is prescribed to cleanse the blood in case of intoxication.

Dropper at home

Alcohol poisoning is a common cause of dropping at home. At home, a dropper is placed in the case of acute and chronic intoxication of moderate severity, in the absence of increasing symptoms of deterioration. Having a drip at home has its advantage. This allows you to anonymously help with alcohol addiction.

Dropper functions in case of poisoning:

1. Elimination of toxins. The decomposition products of alcohol remain in the body for a long time, leading to morphological changes and functional disorders of internal organs.
2. Restoration of salt balance. Alcohol lowers potassium and magnesium levels, posing a risk of heart damage.
3. Restoration of acid-base balance. When drinking alcoholic beverages, acidosis develops, which leads to a slowdown in metabolic processes.
4. Thinning blood by increasing its volume.

Intravenous drugs are prescribed by a doctor... They act quickly and in a targeted manner due to their bioavailability. As part of a dropper for alcohol intoxication, several drugs can be simultaneously administered, the choice of which depends on the severity of the poisoning:

• antiemetic;
• hepatoprotectors (liver protection);
• supporting cardiac activity;
• normalizing blood pressure;
• improving blood supply to the brain;
• sedatives, sleeping pills;
• antihistamines;
• vitamins.

Contraindications to the setting of a dropper are severe diseases of the cardiovascular system, bronchial asthma, type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent), duration of alcohol intake for more than two weeks, old age.

Complications after a dropper

Complications may occur after the dropper. The reason is in violation of the technique of manipulation, in multiple infusions, in violation of the rules of asepsis.

Complications:

1. Hematoma or diffuse hemorrhage under the skin. Occurs when the vein puncture technique is violated. To eliminate hematoma, a warming semi-alcoholic compress is used.
2. Vein spasm during puncture.
3. Necrosis. Death of a piece of soft tissue when potent irritating drugs get under the skin. The reason is the inept implementation of the intravenous setting of the dropper needle.
4. Thrombophlebitis. Inflammation of a vein followed by the formation of a blood clot. Occurs with frequent punctures of the same vein.
5. Air embolism. Air entering a vein in case of violation of the technique of administering drugs.
6. Sepsis. Infection of blood as a result of gross violation of asepsis.
7. Damage to the nerve trunks. It can happen in two cases: with the wrong choice of the puncture site and with the ingress of an irritating substance. The severity of this complication is different, from neuritis to paralysis.

Many believe that after the solution in the dropper runs out, the air in the system will enter the vein and lead to an air embolism. It is a myth. Air will not enter the vein, as it has its own pressure.

Monitoring a person's condition during a dropper in case of poisoning

During the entire time of intravenous infusion it is necessary to continuously assess the patient's condition:

• heart rate;
• the color of the skin, lips, nails;
• body temperature;
• arterial pressure;
• depth of breathing;
• kidney function.

Laboratory clinical studies are carried out. Before the start of infusion therapy and as a control, a blood test is taken to determine the content of protein, urea, glucose, trace elements (K, Ca, Na, Cl). Blood coagulation rate, prothrombin level, urine density are assessed. The more severe the condition in case of poisoning, the more often tests are done.

Increased supervision is established for children, pregnant women, elderly patients, as well as people with renal, heart, pulmonary insufficiency.

It is important to monitor the patient's weight loss daily... In case of food poisoning, it should not exceed 0.5 kg per day. The average is 200-300 g.

For infusion therapy, the composition of drugs, their dosage and the rate of infusion are determined.

A dropper for food poisoning is prescribed taking into account the clinical and age characteristics, the degree of risk to the patient. It is the main method of treating patients with food intoxication. The dropper allows you to remove the body from a serious condition, after which the patient can safely continue the drug treatment.

Gastroenteritis - an inflammatory disease of the stomach and small intestine - is a serious problem in connection with the development of severe conditions in a child in cases of untimely or ineffective treatment. Dehydration in such cases can be fatal.

Common Causes

The causes of gastroenteritis are:

• infection;
• poisoning of stale or unsuitable food;
• incompatible products;
• intolerance to some products.

Among the causative agents of gastroenteritis can be a variety of bacteria, viruses, protozoa.

Clinical manifestations of the disease

With gastroenteritis in children, the symptoms correspond to the clinic of any acute inflammatory process during an exacerbation in the stomach and small intestine, regardless of the infectious agent that became the causative agent:

• stomach ache;
• nausea and vomiting;
• loose stools;
• flatulence and rumbling in the stomach;
• heat;
• symptoms of general intoxication;
• signs of dehydration.

By the signs of gastroenteritis in children, one can assume the pathogen and understand which part of the digestive tract is more involved in the pathological process.

• Symptoms and treatments for gastroenteritis in adults
• Proper nutrition for gastroenteritis
• Features of viral (rotavirus, adenoviral) gastroenteritis

• Abdominal pains do not have a clear localization, they are fickle, pulling in nature. The child indicates the umbilical region as the most painful.
• Loose stools may be mushy or watery, with undigested food or purulent lumps, profuse or infrequent, with a fetid odor in some cases. The consistency and smell, stool frequency depend on the pathogen, its virulence.
• Flatulence - increased gas production - always accompanies gastroenteritis if the intestines are more involved in inflammation.
• The high temperature does not necessarily reach maximum numbers. But even its increase to 37.5–39.50 C strongly affects the general condition of the child. There are pronounced signs of intoxication, which aggravate his difficult situation.
• Symptoms of general intoxication in a child in an acute period can be expressed to varying degrees and directly depend on temperature. They are manifested by lethargy, moodiness, irritability, headaches, and decreased activity.
• Signs of dehydration appear in severe cases, with continuous vomiting, repeated diarrhea. Dehydration symptoms: dry, thickly coated tongue; skin with a gray tint gathers in a fold that does not straighten well.

Dehydration is a dangerous condition

It is by the degree of dehydration of the child that the severity of gastroenteritis is determined. They are guided by the frequency of vomiting or diarrhea. Depending on which symptoms predominate, an analysis of the number of episodes of vomiting or loose stools is made and the severity of the disease is assessed.

1. Mild gastroenteritis of any etiology is determined by the frequency of the leading symptom up to three times.
2. The average degree is up to ten times.
3. Severe degree - more than ten times.

This condition in a child is dangerous due to the loss of trace elements (potassium and sodium) along with the liquid. All tissues, including brain tissue, lose fluid. A sharp decrease in potassium and sodium in the body leads to irreversible changes in the cardiovascular system.

This is a medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention.

An analysis of dehydration in percentage relative to the initial weight of the child is mandatory:

• first degree - weight loss 3–5%;
• the second - 5-10%;
• third - more than 10% weight loss.

Features of viral gastroenteritis in children

Severe forms of the disease are caused by viruses. The most common and widespread is rotavirus, which provokes the so-called intestinal flu in a child. With viral gastroenteritis in children caused by a specific rotavirus, a severe condition develops that needs immediate correction. Until recently, this pathology was related exclusively to pediatric, since children are mainly sick from infancy to three years. In recent years, there have been cases of the disease in adults. This is associated with a possible mutation of the rotavirus.

Analysis of statistics: rotavirus gastroenteritis in children accounts for 40% of all gastroenteritis in childhood. Its danger lies in its high contagiousness: from the first day it enters the baby's body, the virus begins to excrete with feces. With rotavirus gastroenteritis in children, the incubation period is from 3 to 5 days. The incubation period is characterized by a "prodrome": conjunctivitis, hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the mouth and nose. A detailed clinical picture is characterized by continuous vomiting, diarrhea mixed with blood more than 20 times a day, febrile fever. Distinctive symptoms - the color of urine, which becomes dark due to impurities of blood, light fetid feces due to fermentation processes in the intestines. In such cases, treat immediately.

The course of the disease in a one-year-old child

The peculiarities of gastroenteritis in a one-year-old child are an atypical course with nonspecific symptoms and the rapid development of dehydration. This leads to indomitable vomiting, severe diarrhea (a large amount of liquid feces mixed with blood). It is manifested by pronounced dryness of the skin, the absence of tears when crying, and a decrease in reflexes.

With an uncomplicated course, if the treatment is started on time, the disease lasts about a week and ends with a full recovery.

Diagnostics and treatment

In gastroenteritis, symptoms and treatment in children are interrelated.

With mild to moderate gastroenteritis in children, treatment at home is permissible under the supervision of a pediatrician. In severe cases of gastroenteritis in children, treatment is carried out stationary.

Since antibacterial drugs are used to treat gastroenteritis in children, it is necessary, first of all, to verify the diagnosis, to accurately determine the pathogen for the correct selection of the antibiotic. To analyze for gastroenteritis in children, feces are tested for the presence of rotavirus antigen and blood for antibodies; if other infections are suspected, a special analysis is done - bacterial culture of vomit and feces. And also a general clinical blood test and urinalysis are required.

For the treatment of children, drugs are used with great care, the doses of antibiotics and other drugs are carefully calculated. Treatment is reduced to combating dehydration and restoring the normal function of the digestive system. Diet and plenty of fluids are required. In severe cases, treatment includes measures to restore water and electrolyte balance and replenish the volume of lost fluid. Medicines are prescribed from the first day for the entire period of the disease.

The main drugs that make treatment successful are:

• antibiotics;
• sorbents;
• enzymatic preparations;
• prebiotics and probiotics.

Prevention - basic rules for everyone

For the prevention of gastroenteritis in children, it is necessary to teach strict adherence to the rules of personal hygiene. Disease prevention also includes the strictest observance of these rules, primarily by adults who are near the child. The portion is of great importance - you cannot overfeed. You need to carefully monitor not only what children eat, but also control what goes into their mouths. Prevention also lies in the use of high-quality water: do not give babies tap water.

By observing these simple rules, you can save your baby from dangerous and unpleasant diseases.

What to do and how to treat stomach pain in a child

Stomach pain in a child never occurs for no reason. Complaints of abdominal pain may be the first signals of possible disturbances in the work of the gastrointestinal tract and should be immediately taken into account.

If abdominal pain is complemented by nausea, vomiting or fever, you should urgently consult a doctor. Today we will consider the most common reasons why a child has a stomach ache and find out what can be given, how to feed a child with abdominal pain, as well as which doctor to contact for treatment.

Causes of abdominal pain in children

Children of different ages face stomach pains. It can get sick at 2 years, 4, 7 years, 11 and 12 years. For any age, the symptoms and nature of the manifestation of these pains are important. They can be sharp and dull, aching and prolonged. In some cases, it feels pain after eating or on an empty stomach. Most of all, small children under three suffer from abdominal pain - this is due to the lack of formation of the bacterial flora and protection from viral lesions.

If a child has a stomach ache and refuses to eat, one can suspect the presence of such a problem as:

The age of the child with pain plays an important role, since a child under 3 years old may experience discomfort with an inguinal hernia, constipation, dysbiosis, allergies to drugs and certain foods. In addition, appendicitis and cholelithiasis can be added to this list from the age of two. In a 5-year-old child, soreness in the abdomen may not generally be associated with disorders of the digestive tract, and already at the age of 10, pathological processes with a chronic course of development are possible.

Symptoms of stomach pain

The child may also complain of concomitant symptoms:

• Weakness.
• Loss of appetite.
• Drowsiness.
• Mood changes.

Other causes of pain in children include:

• Heartburn - can be as in three year olds, and at 6, 8 years old, 9 and in adolescents. In some cases, it manifests itself with dull pain, sometimes painless.
• Constipation - the baby will complain in this case only on the stomach. Very rarely, nausea may occur with constipation.
• Urinary tract infection - it hurts the child to go to the toilet and the lower abdomen pulls.
• Appendicitis is a serious pathology for a child, in which not only sharp pain appears, but also fever, nausea and vomiting.

There are many medicines and suspensions for pain in the stomach, however, not all mothers know what to give to the child and how to treat digestive disorders.

Diagnostics of violations

Before prescribing treatment, the attending physician examines the child, finds out when the child is sick and he began to suffer from stomach pains, what medications he was given and whether the child was vomiting. After that, the doctor prescribes the delivery of tests such as urine, feces and a complete blood count. If serious pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract are suspected, then an ultrasound scan and an endoscopic examination are performed - it will help to see the condition of the mucous membrane.

If the baby has a fever, a stomach ache in the stomach area and vomiting appears, an ambulance should be called as soon as possible. After vomiting, a child dehydrates very quickly, therefore, before the arrival of doctors, it is necessary to solder it with water. Since the emergency doctor may decide to take the baby to the hospital, you should prepare the essentials just in case.

Important! If no stomach problems are found, the child is sent to other narrow specialists to find out the cause of the pain. Why the stomach hurts what to do in this case, only the doctor can tell, therefore, at the first complaints of the child about discomfort, it is best to visit the hospital.

Medicines for stomach pain in a child

Any drug or medicine given to a child must be agreed with the attending physician. Self-medication in this case is prohibited, however, if a small child has a stomach ache and there are no accompanying symptoms in the form of diarrhea, vomiting and he has a normal temperature, the child is given 1/8 of drotaverine for pain. Very often there is a need to take Colikid or Espumisan - these are drops that are given to the child before and after meals.

When your child becomes ill or has abdominal discomfort, you should contact your pediatrician who will refer you to the correct doctor in the future. Among the possible specialists, a surgeon, gastroenterologist, infectious disease specialist should be distinguished. Only against the background of the obtained laboratory data, each of them can decide on the appointment of treatment.

On the pharmaceutical market, there is a list of drugs that are allowed and can be given to a child after a doctor's prescription. Let's take a look at how to treat and how to treat stomach pain:

1. First of all, a drug from the group of sorbents is used - it helps to remove harmful toxins from the body. This could be Enterosgel, Mezim or Festal. Activated charcoal has a good effect - give it based on the calculation of the child's body weight.
2. For diarrhea, Linex or Lactovit is suitable, but if there is also bloating or colic in newborns, then the drug Espumisan is used.
3. For vomiting, Regidron is used.

Komarovsky says that calling an ambulance is necessary when, even without the presence of accompanying symptoms, even a mild abdominal pain lasts more than 24 hours in a row, when the child has a lethargic state and it is difficult to feed him. When asked if it is possible to feed the child before the ambulance arrives, he answers categorically - no! It is better to give your baby warm boiled water to prevent dehydration. Feeding at this moment is highly undesirable, as it can only aggravate the situation.

The diet and quality of food play an important role in the functionality of the digestive system. The same can be said about infants, since if a nursing mother's diet is dominated by heavy and harmful products for the body, her child will begin to have colic, constipation and diarrhea in the near future. Any drug that a mother uses affects the condition of her baby. Therefore, to the second question, can a baby have a stomach ache due to the mother's diet, the answer is yes!

The No-shpa drug can reduce stomach discomfort, Rennie is used for heartburn and bloating, and Gastrolit helps with diarrhea and diarrhea. If you doubt what to give to your child, then call an ambulance or call your pediatrician - he will give a more detailed answer based on the specifics of the continuation of pain. Mezim will give you a feeling of relief - it is suitable for overeating and feelings of heaviness in the stomach.

Important! A warm heating pad on the stomach is categorically contraindicated, as it can only aggravate the inflammatory process in the stomach. It is best to massage the baby's abdomen with light touches and strokes clockwise for two to five minutes - this has a good relaxing effect for a stressed baby.

Prevention of stomach pain in a child

Nutrition at school plays an important role in the work of the digestive tract. The first and second grades are extremely important for the child's developing organism. Abdominal pain in this case may occur against the background of psycho-emotional overload and stress. That is why you should avoid unnecessary anxiety. In addition, cases of food poisoning are on the rise.

You should pay attention even to minor changes in the child's condition, since they may be the first signs of inflammatory processes and the development of pathologies. Only in the hospital, on the basis of the tests carried out and the detailed clinical picture, the specialists will decide on the need for therapeutic measures.

Prevention of pain:

1. Adequate water intake, elimination of carbonated drinks from the diet.
2. Control over the use of spicy, fatty, fried and smoked foods.
3. Provide only fresh and high quality products.
4. The child should have a full breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner. In this case, snacks are possible.
5. Compliance with personal hygiene.

Injections and droppers for diarrhea (diarrhea)

At any age, a person is susceptible to one or another disease. Most often, a modern person has to deal with such a phenomenon as diarrhea. At first glance, there is nothing wrong with this, only some time there will be discomfort and the usual rhythm of life will be disrupted.

In fact, things are much more serious. Diarrhea can be caused by a serious medical condition. In addition, common diarrhea, with frequent manifestation, can lead the body to dehydration. To cope with this problem, you will have to seek help from doctors who will deliver injections for diarrhea. Of course, you can take pills, but they will not work immediately, and if you are dehydrated, you need to act quickly.

Only a doctor will be able to correctly prescribe the medicine, since in most cases you have to fight infectious diseases, and in these cases only an injection for diarrhea will help.

Features of the treatment of diarrhea with injections

Regardless of the age category, treatment should be divided into 3 stages:

1. The use of saline solutions to recover from the onset of dehydration and reduce intoxication;
2. The use of drugs and strong injections;
3. Proper nutrition, excluding foods that can irritate the intestines.

In the event that severe dehydration has already begun, a simple injection or pill is not enough. The patient is hospitalized, and in the hospital he is prescribed droppers for diarrhea. Thus, you can quickly eliminate diarrhea and normalize the general condition of the patient.

During the course of treatment, the patient is given droppers daily, which prevent diarrhea from appearing. This should be done until the cause of the bowel irritation is identified.

In some cases, you can give injections at home, but only if they were prescribed by a doctor's prescription and there is a person at home who can give the injection correctly.

An ambulance should be called if the following symptoms are observed:

• Vomiting and diarrhea continue for 5 hours;
• The patient becomes drowsy, lethargic and pain in the abdomen appears;
• The skin becomes dry and elasticity is lost;
• The amount of urination has dropped dramatically.

Benefits of injections for diarrhea

The easiest way to take a drug is to take it orally as a tablet or suspension. In this case, you do not need to observe special conditions of sterility. The disadvantage of this method is that drugs in this form are only partially absorbed and diarrhea can continue. When it enters the bloodstream, most of the drug is lost, as it settles in the liver. In some cases, it can damage the liver as the drug becomes active.

As for injections and droppers for diarrhea, the drugs immediately enter the bloodstream. Thus, the entire power of the drug falls on the disease. Loose stools quickly disappear, the person recovers from dehydration. The disadvantage of this method of drug administration is that the method requires special medical skills and sterility. That is why it is recommended to give injections for dehydration and indigestion in a medical facility.

Thanks to injections, the patient recovers much faster. Most of the injections are aimed not only at eliminating diarrhea, but also at destroying the infection that caused disorders in the gastrointestinal tract.

You should know that the absorption of the drug occurs in different ways, depending on the place in which it was placed. For example, blood flow is faster in the hands, so absorption will pass quickly. If you know where to put the medication, the patient will recover quickly.