Hungaries Fascists. Hungary during the Second World War. Sunset of the Hungarian Army

Hungarian hiking columns in the Don steppes, 1942

As soon as the Germans entered Voronezh (half of the city on the right bank), 2 Vengrir divisions staged a massacre. With something, the massacre was literally: demolished the heads, saw the saws of people, broke their heads, burned, raped women and children. The prisoners of Russian soldiers were subjected to terrible torture before death. Having learned about these atrocities, the Soviet command informally gave the team of Magyar to the captivity not to take.
After 212 days of battle for Voronezh, Soviet troops liberated the city, 75,000 Hitlerians captured.
Of the two divisions consisting of hungarians, no prisoner was. 160,000 Hungarians remain in Voronezh Earth.

The full collapse of the 2nd Hungarian Army Admiral Hortie. 150 thousand Magyar used under Voronezh. Of these - 10 thousand on the territory of the "Storozhevsky section"

After the war, when creating the Warsaw Agreement, where Hungary entered, the USSR quietly "silenced" those events and did not assign the title of the hero. Only in 2008 awarded the honorary title "City of Military Glory".

Fascists and the Nazis lost 320,000 soldiers and officers in these battles. 26 German divisions, 2nd Hungarian army (fully) and 8th Italian army, as well as Romanian parts.

By the way, a curious moment: Hitler to support the fought troops, sent to the reinforcement of the Grenadle from that shelf, in which he fought in the First World War (these selected two-meter soldiers are often shown in the parade German films). So, the regiment arrived at the forefront, two days later had only 8 people alive.

Hungarian cavalry

Voronezh catastrophe of the Second World War, as a sunset of Great Hungary

In Hungary, there is not almost a single family that would not affect the Voronezh tragedy and this is understandable, since from the entire composition of the 250 thousand Hungarian army, who fought on a Soviet-German front on various data died from 120 to 148 thousand soldiers and officers.
However, these figures of losses are not full, the real losses of Magyar still still remain unknown, not many of them got into captivity, only 26 thousand exactly what they managed to survive, as well as, not many fugitive deserters, which Could secretly get back home on foot, mostly from them most of the Hungarian population and learned that Hungary has no army anymore.
That army, which they all proud and with which were going to restore the so-called "Great Hungary".

What did everyone miss them so much? Why was it to send in the summer of 1942. Is such a huge number of your youth to the faithful death? Hungary is located almost in the very center of Europe, a wonderful climate, beautiful nature, flowering fruit gardens, wheat fields, have reigned, satiety, comfort and well-being, why was it to invade someone else's country?
The main reason for the growth of Hungarian revenge at that time was that after World War I war Hungary as a defeated side, suffered significant territorial and economic losses, according to the so-called Trianon Treaty, the country lost about two thirds of its territory and the population. The terms of this contract also led to the fact that almost 3 million Hungarians became foreign subjects, that is, found themselves outside of their country.

In the late 1930s, the Germans, using the vulnerable national feelings of Hungarians, promised the Government of Horti to promote an increase in the territory of Hungary in exchange for accession to the countries of the axis.
And the word they kept their words, as a result of the so-called "Munich Catch", after the occupation of Czechoslovakia, in the period from 1938 to 1940, Hungary received some territories lost by her in the results of the First World War, mainly from the composition of Czechoslovakia's fascist Germany , Yugoslavia and even Romania at the same time, without participating with these countries directly in military conflicts.

However, for all these territorial increments of Hungary, it was necessary to pay and pay now the lives of their citizens, as they say "free cheese only in a mousetrap."
With the beginning of World War II, the Germans were not enough to receive only one raw material and food from Hungary.
In the first months of the attack on the USSR, the Germans demanded from Budapest the allocation of Hungarian national troops for the Eastern Front.

In July 1941 Hortie allocated a separate building for the Wehrmacht or as it was also called this grouping of the Hungarian troops, the Carpathian group of the total number of more than 40 thousand soldiers and officers.
In four months, the battles with Soviet troops lost over 26 thousand people. Of these, 4 thousand killed, almost all their tanks, 30 aircraft and more than 1000 units of vehicles.
In December 1941, the Hungarian "conquerors" beaten and frostbed returned home, they were still very lucky, almost half of them managed to survive. True, the desire to create "Great Hungary" many of them have noticeably dressed.
However, Horti was deeply mistaken, believing that it would be enough to do with a one-time sending of troops into the Russian front, in the future Germany demanded more active actions from their ally to participate in the war, and now in the summer of 1942. Hungary sent the 2nd Hungarian Army to the Eastern Front.

The 2nd army included 8 fully staffed divisions, except for the Hungarians, the compounds and parts of the army were also equipped with peoples whose territory was previously occupied and included in the "Great Hungary", these are Romanians from Transylvania, Slovaks from South Slovakia, Ukrainians from Transcarpathia and Even the Serbs from Voivodina.
At the beginning, they all went well, they came to the next Germans, and during short stops, after a glass of Palenki, they chose land for their future estates, they gave themselves a major land in the conquered by the Hungarian soldier to the Hungarian soldier in Russia and Ukraine.
True, against the regular troops of the Red Army to fight on their own, without close support of the German army, they could not, so they were mainly used in battles against partisans or as security parts in the rear, here they were the most real masters, in the sense of mockery The civilian population and Soviet prisoners of war.

Cases of robberies and facts of violence over the civilian population, all that they worked in the territories of Voronezh, Lugansk and Rostov regions, many older people cannot forget so far.
Hosts were particularly cruel to the prisoners of Krasnoarmeys, the Germans and those treated much more tolerant, where did such anger and hatred from the Moyarsky Hednesses taken to the prisoners of Krasnoarmeys?

This desire to mock over defenseless, unarmed people, probably due to the fact that on the battlefield with a weapon in the hands of the data "Heroes" simply had no chance to defeat their opponent in the present battle, as the Russians, and then the Soviet always rolled them and They turned to flight, since the first world world.

In the fall of 1942, the rear walks for all Hungarian troops ended, the Germans of all Hungarians drove into the trenches to the forefront, before that, the Germans took place in front of this and all the warm clothes they were sent from Hungary with their compatriots.
And only here Madyara understood the fact that now they will not have jokes. That there will be no more armed guerrilla or defenseless prisoners in front of them.
Now ahead of many of them was waiting for oppressive unknownness and painful death from the cold and massive artillery fire of the upcoming Red Army.

And soon on January 12, 1943, all their "conquests" ended, it was impossible, when Soviet troops were forced on ice the Don River and during the last phase of the Stalingrad battle in the Ostrogogo-Rossoshan offensive operation, in the period from January 13 to January 27, 1943 completely destroyed And they were captivated on the top Don all the Allied Hitlers Hungarian and Italian troops.

All those who survived and avoided the boiler rushed to the West. The disorderly retreat of the remnants of the Hungarian army, which passed into the ubiquitous and painful, shameful flight began.
True, it was very problematic, the transport all stood without a fuel, the horse was all eaten, the conquerors went on foot, day and night, in a loudoching step, most of them died, the remains of Hungarian soldiers simply entered the snow, as in white Savan.

During his retreat to West, the Hungarians lost most of their equipment and weapons.
Losses in humans, for a country with a population of 10 million people, were worn by a real catastrophic and not an effective character.
Among the deceased was the eldest son Regent of the Kingdom, Miklos Hortie. It was the largest defeat of the Hungarian army in the entire history of its existence, in just 15 days of battles, Hungary lost half of their armed forces.
The defeat under Voronezh had even much greater resonance for Hungary and value than Stalingrad for Germany.
Many of the then occupants still received their put on the ground in Russia as they promised, but they received them only as their graves.
According to the results of the Second World War, Hungary lost not only all the territories conquered with the fascist Germany, but also lost some of those that had before war, the history of the Second World Once again showed what happens to those states that they want to improve their position at the expense of neighbors.

When Germany in June 1941 attacked the Soviet Union, Hungary decided to take full-scale participation in hostilities.

After June 27, the Northern Hungarian town was subjected to bombardment from the air by an unknown aircraft, Hungary terminated diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and declared war. The Army Tip of Hungary was expected to quickly win in Germany. At the end of June, Hungarian parts were directed to the Eastern Front. Some of them were hit by the Soviet territory in conjunction with German shock groups, others provided security in the rear of German troops.

Subsequently, to his chagrin, Hungary was in a state of war with the United Kingdom and the United States. The United States declared Hungary War on June 5, 1942. In January 1942, under strong German pressure, borders promises to send additional troops to the Eastern Front. On March 9, 1942, first of all due to the inability of Germany to quickly defeat the Soviet Union, Hortie dismissed the borders. He appoints Miklos Callai Prime Minister, who continues the policies of open support for Germany, but at the same time conducts secret negotiations with English-Saxon forces, in the hope of bringing Hungary from the war. Meanwhile, in the period from April to June 1942, the 2nd Hungarian army as part of more than 200 thousand people goes to the Eastern Front to enhance the German group.

Hungarian forces in the Soviet Union were not armed enough, and the existing weapons were obsolete, unsatisfactoryly organized supply led to a lack of ammunition. The catastrophic defeat of the 2nd Hungarian army in the Voronezh area during the winter of 1943 led to losses only killed more than 120 thousand people, and was perceived in Hungary as a national tragedy. Captured Hungarian soldiers after such a blow, Callai, more convinced than ever, tried to withdraw Hungary from the war. His secret diplomatic activity intensified, and participation in military operations was dramatically limited. It was asked Hitler who wanted the full participation of Hungary in the war. Hitler was also upset by secret negotiations of the Hungarian government with Western allies aimed at the exit of Hungary from the war. On these negotiations, he was well informed from the proper sources in the Budapest Government.

Alarmed by the attempts by the Hungarian government to leave the war, on March 19, 1944, Hitler sent German troops for the occupation of Hungary and coercion to further participate in the war on the side of Germany. Under German Pressure, Horti had to be appointed in the middle of standing, the former Hungarian ambassador in Berlin, known for its pro-person sentiment, to the post of Prime Minister. The anti-fascist parties were prohibited, and the politicians configured to Germany were arrested. The Hungarian government was also forced to send additional forces on the Eastern Front to combat the Red Army. But the occupation also led to the weakening of the economic significance of Hungary for the Reich, due to the substantial costs of the content of troops, mass arrests and the deportation of Jews, as well as the increased bombing of the allies. In an attempt to weaken the German influence, on August 29, 1944, Hortie appoints a new prime minister, Geza Lakatosh, who ordered the parts of the Hungarian army to conduct an offensive operation in South Transylvania, in order to delay the Soviet-Romanian invasion.

Understanding that the end of the war is close, Hortie sends a delegation to Moscow to negotiate a truce with the Soviet Union, which was signed on October 11, 1944. October 15, 1944, Hortie announces a radio for unconditional surrender of Hungary. But due to the lack of coordination with the head of the headquarters of the Hungarian army, I gore, the army continued to fight, and the attempt of Horti to surrender failed. The German parts entered Budapest and forced Horti to give way to the power of Ferenc Salashi, the leader of the fascist proper batch "Crossed arrows." Hortie was arrested Gestapo and together with his family was taken to Germany.

During the short Board of Salashi in Hungary, the kingdom of terror was established. Thousands of people, including many Jews who have found refuge in Budapest, were arrested and executed, or sent to concentration camps. Meanwhile, the Soviet army continued to step up, and in December 1944 heeded Budapest. Two and a half months later, the remnants of the German forces surrendered in Buda, and on January 20, 1945 in Moscow, representatives of the Hungarian government signed a truce. Most of the hostilities in the country ended in February 1945, but the last German units were knocked out from the Hungarian land only in April 1945. The country got rid of German military control and switched to Soviet.

Sergey Drozdov. "Hungary in the war against the USSR".

At the end of November 1941, the "light" Hungarian divisions began to arrive at Ukraine to fulfill police functions in the occupied territories. In Kiev, the headquarters of the Hungarian "occupation group" is located. Already in December 1941, the Hungarians began to be actively involved in anti-Partisan operations.
Sometimes such operations turned into a very serious combat clashes. An example of one of these shares can be the defeat of December 21, 1941 by the partisan detachment of General Orlenko. The Hungarians managed to surround and completely destroy the partisan base.
According to Hungarian data, about 1000 "gangsters" were killed. Captured weapons, ammunition and equipment could be downloaded several dozen railway cars.
On August 31, 1942, the head of the political management of the Voronezh Front, Lieutenant General S.S. Shatilov sent a report to the head of the main political management of the Red Army A.S. Shcherbakov on the atrocities of the fascists in Voronezh Earth.

"Donoshu on the facts of monstrous atrocities of German occupiers and their Hungarian Holives over Soviet citizens and the prisoners of the Red Army's military personnel.
Parts of the army, where the head of the Polytotel Tov. Clokov, freed from Magyar Villachchye village. After the departments were expelled from the village of Shchuchye, M. A. Polyrtuk, M. Vortaldshchers A. L. and Cervintsev T. I. discovered traces of monstrous Magyar atrocities over citizens of the village of Shchuchye and prisoners of redarmeys and commander.
Lieutenant Salogub Vladimir Ivanovich, being wounded, was captured and brutally fault. On his body discovered more than twenty (20) knife wounds.
Jr. Politruk Bolshakov Fedor Ivanovich, heavily wounded, captured. Bloodthirsty robbers mocked the immobile body of the Communist. Stars were cut on his hands. On the back some knife wounds ...
In the eyes of all the village was shot by Magyarai Citizen Kuzmenko for finding 4 cartridges in the hut. As soon as Hitler's choppeds broke into the village, so immediately began to take all men from 13 to 80 years old and to invite in their rear.
More than 200 people were exported by them from the village of Shchuchye. Of these, 13 people were shot. Among the shots were the Bivovarov Nikita Nikiforovich, his son of Bivovarov Nikolai, Zybin Mikhail Nikolaevich, Head of School; Shevelev Zakhar Fedorovich, Korzzhev Nikolai Pavlovich, etc.
Many residents have been taken away things and livestock. Fascist gangsters hijacked 170 cows and more than 300 sheep taken away from citizens. Many girls and women raped. The act of monstrous atrocities of the Nazis will send today. "

But written from the hand of the testimony of the peasant Anton Ivanovich Kruhutukhin, who lived in the Sevsky district of the Bryansk region: "The fascist accomplices of Magyars have joined our village Svetlovo 9 / V-42. All residents of our village hid from such a sample and they are in fact that residents have become hide from them, and those who failed to hide, they stuck them and raped several of our women.
I myself, the old man of 1875 birth was also forced to hide in the cellar. Against the Village in it there was shooting, the buildings were burned, and Magyar soldiers robbed our things, hijacious cows, calves. "(Garf. F. R-7021. OP. 37. D. 423. L. 561-561B.)

On May 20, Hungarian soldiers in the collective farm "4th Bolshevik Sitting" arrested all men. From the testimony of the collective farmer Varvara Fedorovna Mazek:
"When the men of our village saw, they said that they were partisans. And the same number, i.e. 20 / V-42 grabbed my husband's Mothers Sidora Borisovich Birth of 1862 and my son Alexey Sidorovich, year of birth 1927 and torture And after these torments, they knitted hands and dropped into pit, then lit a straw and burned people alive in the potato pit. On the same day, they are not only my husband and son, they also burned 67 men. " (Garf. F. R-7021. OP. 37. D. 423. L. 543-543B.)

Abandoned by residents who fled from Hungarian punishers, the villages were burned. A resident of the village Svetlovo Natalia Aduushus wrote:
"When we returned from the forest to the village, the village could not learn. A few old men, women and children were brutally killed by the Hungarians. The houses were burned, cattle was big and small in the way. Persons in which our things were buried. In the village There was nothing left, except for black bricks. " (Garf F. R-7021. OP. 37. D. 423. L.517.)

Thus, only in the three Russian villages of the Sevsky district in 20 days, the Hungarians were killed at least 420 civilians. And these are not a single case.
In June - July 1942, parts of the 102nd and 108th Hungarian divisions together with the German units participated in the punitive operation against the Bryansk partisans under the code name "Vogelsang". During the operation in the forests between Roslavl and Bryansk punisher, 1193 partisans were killed, 1400 wounded, 498 captured, more than 12,000 inhabitants were evicted.
Hungarian divisions of the 102nd (42nd, 43rd, 44th and 51st regiments) and the 108th divisions took part in punitive operations against partisans "Nachbarhilfe" (June 1943) under Bryansk, and "Zigenerbaron "In the areas of the current Bryansk and Kursk regions (May 16 - June 6, 1942).
Only during the operation "Zigenerbaron" punishers were destroyed 207 partisan camps, 1584 partisans were killed and 1558 taken captive. "

What at that time was going on at the front, where Hungarian troops acted. The Hungarian army, in the period from August to December 1942, led prolonged battles with Soviet troops in the area of \u200b\u200bUreva and Shvodlyakaya (near Voronezh), and could not boast of any special success, it was not to fight with the civilian population.
The Highness never managed to eliminate the Soviet bridgehead on the right bank of the Don, could not develop an offensive on seraphimovichi. At the end of December 1942, the Hungarian 2nd army burned to the ground, hoping to survive the winter on his positions. These hopes failed to come true.
On January 12, 1943, the onset of the troops of the Voronezh Front against the forces of the 2nd Hungarian Army began. The next day, the defense of Hungarians was broken, some parts covered panic.
Soviet tanks came to the operational space and the headquarters, nodes of communication, warehouses of ammunition and equipment. Entering the 1st Hungarian Tank Division and Parts of the 24th German Tank Corps did not change the situation, although their actions slowed down the pace of Soviet offensive.
Soon the Magyars were headed, lost 148,000 people killed, injured and prisoners (among those killed, by the way, was the eldest son of the Hungarian Regent, Miklash Horti).
It was the biggest defeat of the Hungarian army in the entire history of its existence. Only for the period from January 13 to January 30, 35,000 soldiers and officers were killed, 35,000 people were injured and 26,000 were captured. In total, the army lost about 150,000 people, most of the tanks, cars and artillery, all stocks of ammunition and gear, about 5,000 horses.

The motto of the Hungarian royal army "The price of Hungarian life - Soviet death" was not justified. The remuneration promised by Germany in the form of large land plots in Russia for a particularly distinguished on the Eastern Front of the Hungarian soldiers to issue practically no one.
Only consisting of eight divisions, the 200 thousandth Hungarian army, lost then about 100-120 thousand soldiers and officers. How much exactly - then no one knew, do not know now. In January 1943, about 26 thousand Hungarians fell out of this number.
For the country of this scale, like Hungary, the defeat under Voronezh had even greater resonance and meaning than Stalingrad for Germany. Hungary, for 15 days of battles, lost immediately half of his armed forces. Hungary could not recover from this catastrophe to the end of the war and has never exhibited a grouping, in numbers and combat ability to equal to the deceased association.

Hungarian troops were distinguished by cruel appeal not only with partisans and civilians, but also with Soviet prisoners of war. So, in 1943, during the retreat from the Chernesky district of the Kursk region, the Magyarsk military units hijacked with them the concentration camp 200 people of prisoners of war of the Red Army and 160 people of Soviet patriots. In the way, the fascist barbarians of all of these 360 \u200b\u200bpeople were closed in the school building, poured gasoline And burned alive. Attempting to run shot "
Examples of documents on the crimes of the Hungarian soldiers during the Second World War from foreign archives, such as the Israeli archive of the Yad Vashem of the National Catastrophe Memorial and Heroism in Jerusalem:
"On July 15, 1942, the Kursk region of the Kharkeevka of the Kursk region of the Kursk region, the Soldiers of the 33rd Hungarian Infantry Division, was captured by four soldiers of the Red Army. One of them, the older lieutenant P.V. Danilov, the eyes of the eye, butt the rifles shot down on the side of the jaw , 12 bayonets were inflicted in the back, after which, unconsciously burned down in the earth. Three Red Army teams, whose names are unknown, shot "(archive of poison va-neck. M-33/497. L. 53.).
A resident of the city of Ostrolyozha Maria Kaydannikova saw the Hungarian soldiers on January 5, 1943 he drove the group of Soviet prisoners of war in the storeroom of the store on Medvedovsky Street. Soon the screams heard from there. Looking out the window, Kaydannikova saw a monstrous picture:
"There was brightly bonfire. Two Magyar was kept behind the shoulders and the legs of the prisoner and slowly roasted his belly and feet on fire. They raised him over fire, they lowered below, and when he sat down, Magyars threw his body face down on the fire. Suddenly The twenty tweed again. Then one of Magyar with a wisely hooked him in the back of the pin "(archive of poison vashem. M-33/494. L. 14.).

After the catastrophe under the umbly, the participation of the Hungarian troops in hostilities on the Eastern Front (in Ukraine) was resumed only in the spring of 1944, when the 1st Hungarian tank division tried to counterattack Soviet tank corps under Kolomyy - an attempt ended in the death of 38 Turan tanks and hasty departure The 1st Tank Division of Magyar to the State Border.
In the fall of 1944, all Hungarian Armed Forces (three armies) fought against the Red Army, already on the territory of Hungary. But the Hungarians remained the most faithful allies of Hitler Germany in the war. Hungarian troops fought with the Red Army until May 1945, when all (!) The territory of Hungary was occupied by the Soviet troops.
8 Hungarians were awarded German knightly crosses. During the years of World War II, the greatest number of volunteers in the SS troops gave Hungary. In the war against the USSR, more than 200 thousand Hungarians died (including 55 thousand - died in the Soviet captivity). During the Second World War, Hungary lost about 300 thousand soldiers killed, 513,766 people were captured.
Only Hungarian Generals in Soviet camps for prisoners of war after the war there were 49 people, including the head of the General Staff of the Hungarian Army.

In the post-war years, the USSR began the repatriation of prisoners of Hungarians and Romanians, apparently, as citizens of countries where our country friendly regimes were established.

Owls. Secret 1950 Moscow, Kremlin. On the repatriation of prisoners of war and interned citizens of Hungary and Romania.

1. Allow the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the SSR (T. Kruglov) to repatriate in Hungary and Romania:

a) 1270 prisoners of war and internized citizens of Hungary, including 13 generals (Appendix No. 1) and 1629 prisoners of war and internized citizens of Romania, on which there are no compromising materials;

b) 6061 Prisoners of war of citizens of Hungary and 3139 prisoners of war of Romanian citizens - former employees of intelligence, counterintelligence bodies, gendarmerie, police who served in the SS troops, security and other punitive parts of the Hungarian and Romanian armies, captured, mainly in Hungary and Romania, Since they do not have materials about their war crimes against the USSR.

3. Allow the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR (T. Kruglov) to leave 355 prisoners of war and interned citizens of Hungary in the USSR, including 9 Generals (Appendix No. 2) and 543 prisoners of war and internized citizens of Romania, including the Brigadier General Stalesca Stoyan Nikolai, convicted Participation in atrocities and atrocities, espionage, insertion, gangsterism and large embezzlement of socialist property - before serving the sentence defined by the court.

4. To oblige the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (T. Kruglov) and the USSR Prosecutor's Office (T. Safonova) to bring to criminal responsibility of 142 Hungarian prisoners of war and 20 Romanian Prisoners of war for the atrocities and atrocities performed on the territory of the USSR.

5. To oblige the USSR Ministry of State Security (T. Abakumova) to take from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR 89 people of prisoners of war of Hungary, who served in gendarmeries and police in the territory of the Zakarpattia and Stanislav regions, document their criminal activities and attract criminal liability.

Attachment 1

List of prisoners of war of the generators of the former Hungarian army, convicted by military tribunals for crimes against the USSR:

1. Alda-Dad Zoltan Johan 1895 General - Lieutenant
2. Bauman Ishthan Franz 1894 General - Major
3. Vashva Friedrich Inef 1895. General - Major
4. Vukov Kredda Jacob 1892. General - Major
5. Sabo Laslo Anton 1895. General - Major
6. FEER GEZO ARPAD 1883 GR. General - Major
7. Shimonfay Ferenz Ferenz 1891 General - Major.
8. Erlich Gezo Agoshton 1890. General - Major
9. Ibrani Mihai Miklash 1895g.r. General - Lieutenant

The Government of Hungary at the state level declared the heroes of the military personnel who fought in the second world on the side of the fascists. However, Russian participants of the Great Patriotic War remember that the divisions of Hungarians were often no less cruel than the most inhuman Hitler's executioners.

Methods and victims of bullying

In accordance with the report of the head of the political enforcement of the Voronezh Front, Lieutenant General S. Shatilova, in the Voronezh region, Hungarian soldiers (Shatilov referred to their "Magyars") in 1942, in 1942 were famous for inhuman cruelty in relation to the civilian population and captured by the soldiers of the Red Army.

For example, in their arms of the lieutenant, they cut off with a knife, and then killed; The political officer who received a serious wound was laid out, cutting the stars on his body. For those discovered from a rural resident several ammunition of the peaceful resident of the executed. Over the female population in the captured villages of the Voronezh region, the Hungarians were abused, and able-bodied residents, starting with 13-year-old children and ending with the 80-year-old elders, taken out to the rear for forced work.

Magyars were marked by cruelty and in the Bryansk region. Rustic resident A. Krutikhin testified that in his village, Hungars were killed by everyone who did not have time to hide, and over many women and girls were abused. Magyars Kralya agricultural animals from villages, Maradersowed, housing robbed, they were engaged. A resident of one of the villages, V. Mazekova, reported that in her settlement, Magyars lived in the potato pit about 70 people, having accepted them for folk avengers.

Hungarian soldiers take caption of Krasnoarmeys, 1941

Abandoned villages of Bryanzchina, from where the inhabitants ran into the thickets, the Hungars turned into an ashist. If there were still the inhabitants of all of them all the ruthlessly killed. According to the story of the peasant from p. Svetlovo, she returned to charred homes from the forest to charred houses - Magyars left the things that were disguised by the villagers in the pits, hijacked the cattle. According to the archive, only 3 villages of the Sevsky district of Bryanzachina Magyars destroyed more than 400 peasants.

"Vogelsang": "Poultry" and other punitive operations

Hungarian cavalry on the street of one of the captured Soviet cities

In the process of implementing this punitive action in the Bryansk region in 1942, the Hungarian formations were eliminated by more than 1,000 folk Avengers, over 1,500 wounded, 12,000 peasants were bleeding. In addition, Magyars took part in the Gypsy Baron punitive operations ("Zigenerbaron") and "Nachbarhilfe"), during which, in 1942, were destroyed in the Bryansk region and in the Kursk region. thousand underground workers and civilians.

Retribution of the Hungarians reported by the leadership of the Voronezh Front, in the winter of 1942. The 2nd army of Hungarians of the Red Army division was completely defeated. About 150,000 Hungarian soldiers died, were injured or were captured. The main mass of tanks, horses and shells in the vicinity of Voronezh Magyars lost.

This became the most serious defeat of the Hungarian units for the period of their existence. According to historians, this defeat on scale can be compared with the Stalingrad battle - Hungarians did not manage to restore their strength until the end of the Great Patriotic. Magyars no longer carried a big danger as national armed forces as part of the Hitler's army.

Hungarians in Soviet captivity

Cruelty, atrocities and crimes of Magyarov turned out after the liberation of the Red Army of Russian villages and villages. For example, according to the leadership of the Soviet troops, in the Chernyansky district of the Kursk region in 1943, the Hungarians burned the 360 \u200b\u200bprisoners of Russian soldiers and the civilian population. In the same region, the Allys of the Germans were laid on the Kharief Allys of the Germans, 4 fighters of the Red Army and alive buried them into the soil. In the Voronezh region (in Ozohyge), a woman from the local population became an eyewitness of the blatant cruelty committed on the captured by the Soviet fighter: Magyars burned him on the fire, and then stabbed the bayonet.

Magyarsky Cross under Voronezh

According to Russian archives, approximately 300,000 Hungarian soldiers died in the second world, more than 500,000 were captured. In 1950, a secret order was published on the return to the homeland of Hungarians and Romanians. In accordance with this order, the Soviet Ministry of the Interior should carefully check the prisoners of war on their participation in punitive promotions during the Great Patriotic War. Several hundreds of Hungarians after such inspections received dates of imprisonment and headed to the camps, and many Magyar sentenced to the highest punishment.

The battle for Voronezh historians and journalists still pay much less attention than the Battle of Stalingrad. Meanwhile, the defense of Voronezh lasted for 12 days longer. The main opponent of the Red Army in that doubt was the Hungarians who took the side of the fascist Germany. Unwritten rule "Magyar pronounced not to take!" It was one of the most important for the fighters of the Voronezh Front.

How the Hungarians were on the side of Germany

After the First World War in 1920, the so-called trianon peace treaty was signed between the winners and the losers. In the role of losers, Hungary performed. As a result of the adoption of this agreement, the Hungarian kingdom lost more than 70% of their lands and more than half of its population. At that time, the ruler of the country was Miklos Horti, who, undoubtedly, was very worried about such losses and dreamed of returning at least part of the lost. And Hungary managed to return part of the Romanian and Czech Territories to their Lono. This was largely due to the assistance provided by Hungary by the countries of the axis (Germany and Italy).

From that moment on, the Hungarian kingdom turned out to be a debtor of Germany, and the debt, as is known, is only a payment. In addition, Hortie tried to be the ally of the Third Reich, he will restore the former borders of his state to the fullest. In general, so the Hortiest soldiers became Hitler's soldiers.

Hungarian atrocities

In atrocities that were learned by Hungarians over the prisoners of Soviet soldiers and even over ordinary civilians, it is difficult to believe a normal person. Hungarian military, according to eyewitnesses, sometimes behaved and came worse than the Germans. For ethical considerations, the full texts of messages and documents describing all these cruelty, we will not lead.

At that time, General Vatutina visited the delegation, the members of which were residents of the Ostrogogsky district. They told Vatutin about everything that were witnesses and what they suffered from Hungarians themselves. When Vatutin heard that Hungarian soldiers are creating, he rooted: "Magyars in captivity do not take!" This unlawful order immediately scattered among the Soviet fighters.

Victory during the war and after 66 years

In 1942, the 2nd Hungarian army was prompted from the kingdom. Its number amounted to more than 200 thousand soldiers. The most popular target was Voronezh. In early July, the enemy managed to break into the city. The battles were terrible, cruel, merciless. However, the Soviet fighters managed to free Voronezh. More than 160 thousand Hungarians remained forever lying in Voronezh Earth. Our soldiers fulfilled the order of Vatutin exactly. They were not captured by a single Magyar.

The battle itself for Voronezh, which lasted 212 days, and the terrifying acts of Hungarians on this territory (however, as on others) in the USSR, they did not particularly advertise. In 1955, Hungary, along with the Soviet Union, became one of the participants of the Warsaw Treaty, which was intended to be friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance between countries. Only in 2008, the President of Russia signed a decree, according to which Voronezh was finally received the title of city of military glory.